Outline of political science: Difference between revisions

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{{Politics}}
{{Politics}}


'''[[Politics]]''' &ndash; the exercise of power; process by which groups of people make [[Group decision making|collective decisions]]. Politics is the art or science of running governmental or state affairs (including behavior within civil [[government]]s), institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the [[corporation|corporate]], [[academia|academic]], and [[religion|religious]] segments of society.
'''[[Politics]]''' &amp;ndash; the exercise of power; process by which groups of people make [[Group decision making|collective decisions]]. Politics is the art or science of running governmental or state affairs (including behavior within civil [[government]]s), institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the [[corporation|corporate]], [[academia−|academic]], and [[religion|religious]] segments of society.


'''[[Political science]]''' &ndash; the field concerning the theory and practice of [[politics]] and the description and analysis of [[political system]]s and political behavior.
'''[[Political science]]''' &amp;ndash; the field concerning the theory and practice of [[politics]] and the description and analysis of [[political system]]s and political behavior.


{{TOC limit|limit=2}}
{{TOC limit|limit=2}}
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* [[political philosophy|Political theory and philosophy]]
* [[political philosophy|Political theory and philosophy]]
** [[Political spectrum]]
** [[Political spectrum]]
*** [[Left–right political spectrum]]
* [[Positive political theory]]
* [[Positive political theory]]
** [[Game theory]]
** [[Game theory]]
* [[Postcolonialism]]
* [[Psephology]] – study of elections
* [[Psephology]] – study of elections
** [[Voting theory]]
** [[Voting theory]]
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== Related disciplines ==
== Related disciplines ==
{{Div col}}
{{Div col}}
* [[Anthropology]]
** [[Political anthropology]]
* [[Economics]]
* [[Economics]]
** [[Political economy]]
** [[Political economy]]
* [[Geography]]
** [[Political geography]]
* [[History]]
* [[History]]
** [[Political history]]
** [[Political history]]
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* [[Psychology]]
* [[Psychology]]
** [[Political psychology]]
** [[Political psychology]]
* [[Social science]]
* [[Sociology]]
** [[Anthropology]]
** [[Political sociology]]
*** [[Political anthropology]]
** [[Sociology]]
*** [[Political sociology]]
{{End div col}}
{{End div col}}


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** [[Representative democracy]]
** [[Representative democracy]]
** [[Direct democracy]]
** [[Direct democracy]]
*** [[Initiative]]
*** [[Popular initiative|Initiative]]
*** [[Referendum]]
*** [[Referendum]]
** [[Radical democracy]]
** [[Radical democracy]]
*** [[Deliberative democracy]]
*** [[Deliberative democracy]]
*** [[Participatory democracy]]
*** [[Participatory democracy]]
** [[Liberal democracy]]
** [[Illiberal democracy]]
* [[International relations theory]]
* [[International relations theory]]
** [[Power in international relations]]
** [[Power in international relations]]
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== Decision-making ==
== Decision-making ==
[[File:Voting in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|Voting is a key form of decision-making in politics. A female journalist displays her inked finger after casting her vote in Afghanistan's western [[Herat Province|Herat province]].]]
===[[Election]]===
===[[Election]]===
{{Div col}}
{{Div col}}
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*** [[Plurality-at-large voting]]
*** [[Plurality-at-large voting]]
*** [[General ticket]]
*** [[General ticket]]
** [[Proportional representation]] ensures that proportions of representation allocated in the elected body reflect their proportions of support among the [[Election|electorate]].<ref name=JSM7>{{cite book|last1=Mill|first1=John Stuart|author-link=John Stuart Mill|title=Considerations on Representative Government|chapter=Chapter VII, Of True and False Democracy; Representation of All, and Representation of the Majority only |chapter-url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/5669/5669-h/5669-h.htm#link2HCH0007 |year=1861 |publisher=Parker, Son, & Bourn |location=London|title-link=Considerations on Representative Government}}</ref> Often combined with [[multi-member district]]s to produce [[consensus democracy]].
** [[Proportional representation]] ensures that proportions of representation allocated in the elected body reflect their proportions of support among the [[Election|electorate]].<ref name=JSM7>{{cite book|last1=Mill|first1=John Stuart|author-link=John Stuart Mill|title=Considerations on Representative Government|chapter=Chapter VII, Of True and False Democracy; Representation of All, and Representation of the Majority only |chapter-url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/5669/5669-h/5669-h.htm#link2HCH0007 |year=1861 |publisher=Parker, Son, &amp; Bourn |location=London|title-link=Considerations on Representative Government}}</ref> Often combined with [[multi-member district]]s to produce [[consensus democracy]].
*** [[Party-list proportional representation]]
*** [[Party-list proportional representation]]
****[[Gallagher index|proportionality measure]]s
****[[Gallagher index|proportionality measure]]s
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== Political institutions ==
== Political institutions ==
[[File:US Supreme Court.JPG|thumb|Institutions are often the framework within which politics happens. Pictured is the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].]]
[[File:US Supreme Court.JPG|thumb|Institutions are often the framework within which politics happens. Pictured is the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].]]
===Government===
* [[Government]]
* [[Legitimacy (political)|Legitimacy]]
* [[Authority]]
**[[Tripartite classification of authority]]
***[[Traditional authority]]
***[[Charismatic authority]]
***[[Rational-legal authority]]
* [[Rule of law]]
* [[Constitution]]
* [[State (polity)]], a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory.
** [[Sovereign state]], a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country.
*** [[Microstate]], a sovereign state having a very small population or land area, usually both.
*** [[Multinational state]], sovereign entity that comprises two or more nations or states.
** [[Nation state]], a state where the majority identify with a single nation (with shared culture or ethnic group)
** [[Constituent state]], a political subdivision of a state.
** [[Federated state]], constituent states part of a federation.
** [[Fragile state]], characterized by weak state capacity or weak state legitimacy leaving citizens vulnerable.
** [[Failed state]], a state which has lost its ability to fulfill fundamental security and development functions, lacking effective control over its territory and borders.
** [[Vassal state]], any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire.
** [[Buffer state]],  a country geographically lying between two rival or potentially hostile great powers.
** [[Stateless nation]], an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own sovereign state.


===Branches of government===
===Branches of government===
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** [[Head of state]], formal, often symbolic, leader of state. Sometimes has [[veto]] power over proposed legislation.
** [[Head of state]], formal, often symbolic, leader of state. Sometimes has [[veto]] power over proposed legislation.
*** [[Monarch]]
*** [[Monarch]]
*** [[Supreme leader]]
*** [[President (government title)|President]]
*** [[President (government title)|President]]
** [[Head of government]], the person(s) in charge of day-to-day affairs of the state. Usually heads a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]], a [[Council of Ministers]] or a [[Council of State]].
** [[Head of government]], the person(s) in charge of day-to-day affairs of the state. Usually heads a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]], a [[Council of Ministers]] or a [[Council of State]].
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** [[Straight-ticket voting]]
** [[Straight-ticket voting]]
* [[Tactical voting]]
* [[Tactical voting]]
** [[Tactical manipulation of runoff voting]]
** [[Vote pairing]]
** [[Vote pairing]]
* [[Paradox of voting]]
* [[Paradox of voting]]
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* [[Ethnocracy]], the source of power is [[ethnicity]].
* [[Ethnocracy]], the source of power is [[ethnicity]].
* [[Meritocracy]], the source of power is talent.
* [[Meritocracy]], the source of power is talent.
** [[Noocracy]], talent is measured by [[wisdom]].
** Noocracy, talent is measured by [[wisdom]].
** [[Technocracy]], talent is measured by [[expertise]].
** [[Technocracy]], talent is measured by [[expertise]].
* [[Stratocracy]], the source of power is the [[military]].
* [[Stratocracy]], the source of power is the [[military]].
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*** [[Anarchism]]
*** [[Anarchism]]
*** [[Communism]]
*** [[Communism]]
****[[Autonomism]]
****[[Dengism]]
****[[Leninism]]
****[[Maoism]]
****[[Marxism–Leninism]]
****[[Stalinism]]
****[[Titoism]]
****[[Trotskyism]]
** [[Socialism]]
** [[Socialism]]
*** [[Agrarian socialism]]
*** [[Agrarian socialism]]
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*** [[Liberal socialism]]
*** [[Liberal socialism]]
*** [[Libertarian socialism]]
*** [[Libertarian socialism]]
*** [[Market socialism]]
*** [[Socialism (Marxism)|Marxist socialism]] ([[Scientific socialism|Scientific]])
*** [[Religious socialism]]
*** [[Religious socialism]]
*** [[Scientific socialism]]
*** [[Social democracy]]
** [[Centre-left politics]]
** [[Centre-left politics]]
*** [[Social democracy]]
*** [[Gradualism#Politics and society|Gradualism]]
*** [[Gradualism#Politics and society|Gradualism]]
*** [[Progressivism]]
*** [[Progressivism]]
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** [[Neoliberalism]]
** [[Neoliberalism]]
** [[Social liberalism]]
** [[Social liberalism]]
** [[Modern liberalism in the United States|Modern liberalism]] (in the United States)
* [[Right-libertarianism]], often defined as high valuation of [[private property]]
** [[Paleolibertarianism]]
** [[Minarchism]]
** [[Anarcho-capitalism]]
* [[Right-wing politics]], often defined by opposition to social change, and a veneration of tradition.
* [[Right-wing politics]], often defined by opposition to social change, and a veneration of tradition.
** [[Centre-right politics]]
** [[Centre-right politics]]
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*** [[Racial nationalism]]
*** [[Racial nationalism]]
*** [[Left-wing nationalism]]
*** [[Left-wing nationalism]]
*** [[Liberal nationalism]]
*** [[National liberalism|Liberal nationalism]]
*** [[Territorial nationalism]]
*** [[Secessionism]]
*** [[Secessionism]]
** [[Zionism]]
** [[Zionism]]
* [[Environmentalism]]
{{End div col}}
{{End div col}}


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* [[Education policy]] and [[Education reform|reform]]
* [[Education policy]] and [[Education reform|reform]]
** [[Education reform]]
** [[Education reform]]
* [[Immigration law]]  
* [[Immigration]]  
** [[Family reunification]]
** [[Family reunification]]
** [[Immigration equality]]
** [[Immigration equality]]
** [[List of countries that regulate the immigration of felons|Immigration of felons]]
** [[List of countries that regulate the immigration of felons|Immigration of felons]]
** [[Immigration law]]
** [[Immigration reform]]
** [[Immigration reform]]
** [[Open border]]
** [[Open border]]
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{{Asia in topic|Foreign relations of}}
{{Asia in topic|Foreign relations of}}
{{Foreign relations of Europe}}
{{Foreign relations of Europe}}
{{North America in topic|Foreign relations of}}
{{North America in topic|Foreign relations of}}
{{Oceania in topic|Foreign relations of}}
{{Oceania in topic|Foreign relations of}}
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== Influential literature ==
== Influential literature ==


* ''[[The Art of War]]'' &ndash; by [[Sun Tsu]] ({{Circa|544}}–496 BC)
* ''[[The Art of War]]'' &amp;ndash; by [[Sun Tsu]] ({{Circa|544}}–496 BC)
* ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War]]'' by [[Thucydides]]  ({{Circa|460|400 BC}})
* ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War]]'' by [[Thucydides]]  ({{Circa|460|400 BC}})
* ''[[The Republic (Plato)|The Republic]]'' and ''[[Laws (dialogue)|Laws]]'' &ndash; by [[Plato]] (427–347 BC)
* ''[[The Republic (Plato)|The Republic]]'' and ''[[Laws (dialogue)|Laws]]'' &amp;ndash; by [[Plato]] (427–347 BC)
* ''[[Politics (Aristotle)|The Politics]]'' and  ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'' &ndash; [[Aristotle]] (384–322 BC)
* ''[[Politics (Aristotle)|The Politics]]'' and  ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'' &amp;ndash; [[Aristotle]] (384–322 BC)
* ''[[Arthashastra]]'' &ndash; [[Chanakya|{{IAST|Chāṇakya}}]]<ref>Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}}, {{IAST|Cāṇakya}} and {{IAST|Kauṭilya}}. The same individual is meant in each case. The ''[[Panchatantra|Pańcatantra]]'' explicitly identifies [[Chanakya]] with {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}}."</ref> (c. 350–283 BC)
* ''[[Arthashastra]]'' &amp;ndash; [[Chanakya|{{IAST|Chāṇakya}}]]<ref>Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}}, {{IAST|Cāṇakya}} and {{IAST|Kauṭilya}}. The same individual is meant in each case. The ''[[Panchatantra|Pańcatantra]]'' explicitly identifies [[Chanakya]] with {{IAST|Viṣṇugupta}}."</ref> ({{Circa|350}}–283 BC)
*  ''[[Meditations]]'' &ndash; ''[[Marcus Aurelius|Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor 161–180 CE]]''
*  ''[[Meditations]]'' &amp;ndash; ''[[Marcus Aurelius|Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor 161–180 CE]]''
* ''[[The Prince]]'' &ndash; by Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527)
* ''[[The Prince]]'' &amp;ndash; by [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] (1469–1527)
* ''[[The Book of Five Rings]]'' &ndash; [[Miyamoto Musashi]] (c. 1584––1645)
* ''[[The Book of Five Rings]]'' &amp;ndash; [[Miyamoto Musashi]] ({{Circa|1584}}––1645)
* ''[[Leviathan (Hobbes book)|Leviathan]]'' &ndash; [[Thomas Hobbes]] (1588–1679)
* ''[[Leviathan (Hobbes book)|Leviathan]]'' &amp;ndash; [[Thomas Hobbes]] (1588–1679)
* ''[[The Wealth of Nations]]'' &ndash; by [[Adam Smith]] (1723–1790)
* ''[[The Wealth of Nations]]'' &amp;ndash; by [[Adam Smith]] (1723–1790)
* ''[[On War]] &ndash; by [[Carl von Clausewitz]] (1780–1831)
* ''[[On War]]'' &amp;ndash; by [[Carl von Clausewitz]] (1780–1831)
* ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]'' &ndash; by [[Karl Marx]] (1818-1883)
* ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]'' &amp;ndash; by [[Karl Marx]] (1818–1883)
* ''[[A Theory of Justice]]'' &amp;ndash; by [[John Rawls]] (1921-2002)


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Outline footer}}<!-- Most of these topics need to be placed in the outline above -->
{{Outline footer}}<!-- Most of these topics need to be placed in the outline above -->
 
{{Portal|Politics}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Anthropology]]
* [[Anthropology]]
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* [[Political power]]
* [[Political power]]
* [[Political psychology]]
* [[Political psychology]]
* [[Political spectrum]]
* [[Theories of Political Behavior]]
* [[Theories of Political Behavior]]
}}
}}
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*Roskin, M.; Cord, R. L.; Medeiros, J. A.; Jones, W. S. (2007). ''Political Science: An Introduction''. 10th ed. New York: [[Pearson Prentice Hall]]. {{ISBN|978-0-13-242575-9}} (10). {{ISBN|978-0-13-242575-9}} (13).
*Roskin, M.; Cord, R. L.; Medeiros, J. A.; Jones, W. S. (2007). ''Political Science: An Introduction''. 10th ed. New York: [[Pearson Prentice Hall]]. {{ISBN|978-0-13-242575-9}} (10). {{ISBN|978-0-13-242575-9}} (13).
*Tausch, A.; Prager, F. (1993). ''Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development''. Basingstoke: Macmillan; New York: [[St. Martin's Press]].
*Tausch, A.; Prager, F. (1993). ''Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development''. Basingstoke: Macmillan; New York: [[St. Martin's Press]].
*''[[Oxford Handbooks of Political Science]]'' &ndash; ten-volume set covering the political science topics [[political methodology]], [[public policy]], [[political theory]], [[political economy]], [[comparative politics]], [[contextual political analysis]], [[international relations]], Law and Politics, [[Theories of political behavior|political behavior]], and [[political institutions]]. The general editor of the series is [[Robert E. Goodin]].<ref>[http://www.oup.com.au/titles/higher_ed/social_science/politics/9780199270033 Oxford Handbook Of Political Theory]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory|first=Mary|last=Walsh|journal=Contemporary Political Theory|volume=7|issue=2|pages=232–234|doi=10.1057/cpt.2008.2|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*''[[Oxford Handbooks of Political Science]]'' &amp;ndash; ten-volume set covering the political science topics [[political methodology]], [[public policy]], [[political theory]], [[political economy]], [[comparative politics]], contextual political analysis, [[international relations]], Law and Politics, [[Theories of political behavior|political behavior]], and [[political institutions]]. The general editor of the series is [[Robert E. Goodin]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dryzek |first1=John S. |last2=Honig |first2=Bonnie |last3=Phillips |first3=Anne |date=27 Aug 2006 |title=Oxford Handbook of Political Theory |url=http://www.oup.com.au/titles/higher_ed/social_science/politics/9780199270033 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042142/http://www.oup.com.au/titles/higher_ed/social_science/politics/9780199270033 |archive-date=Mar 5, 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199270033}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory|first=Mary|last=Walsh|date=1 May 2008|journal=Contemporary Political Theory|volume=7|issue=2|pages=232–234|doi=10.1057/cpt.2008.2|doi-access=free}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|Political science}}
{{sisterlinks|Political science}}
* [http://www.apsanet.org/ American Political Science Association]
* [https://www.apsanet.org/ American Political Science Association]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19980215221318/http://www.essex.ac.uk/ECPR/ European Consortium for Political Research]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19980215221318/http://www.essex.ac.uk/ECPR/ European Consortium for Political Research]
* [http://www.ipsa.org/ International Political Science Association]
* [https://www.ipsa.org/ International Political Science Association]
* [http://www.psa.ac.uk/ Political Studies Association of the UK]
* [https://www.psa.ac.uk/ Political Studies Association of the UK]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092151/http://www.politicalscience.org/ PROL: Political Science Research Online (prepublished research)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092151/http://www.politicalscience.org/ PROL: Political Science Research Online (prepublished research)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020616040916/http://www2.truman.edu/polisci/design.htm Truman State University Political Science Research Design Handbook]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020616040916/http://www2.truman.edu/polisci/design.htm Truman State University, "Political Science Research Design Handbook"]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061208183011/http://dca.tufts.edu/features/aas/ A New Nation Votes: American Elections Returns 1787-1825]
* {{Cite web |date=13 November 2006 |title=A New Nation Votes - American Election Returns, 1787 - 1825 |url=http://dca.tufts.edu/features/aas/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208183011/http://dca.tufts.edu/features/aas/ |archive-date=Dec 8, 2006 |website=American Antiquarian Society -- Election Records Project}}
* [http://www.p-jones.demon.co.uk/linksIV.htm Political links resource]
* {{Cite web |title=POLITICAL Domain Links IV |url=http://www.p-jones.demon.co.uk/linksIV.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020140819/http://www.p-jones.demon.co.uk/linksIV.htm |archive-date=Oct 20, 2014 |website=Hodges' Health Career Model}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Political Science}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Political Science}}
[[Category:Outlines of laws and legal topics|Politics]]
[[Category:Outlines of laws and legal topics|Politics]]
[[Category:Politics| 1]]
[[Category:Outlines|Politics]]
[[Category:Political science| 1]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Society-related lists|Politics]]
[[Category:Society-related lists|Politics]]
[[id:Garis besar politik]]
[[no:Oversikt over politikk]]
[[fi:Politiikan pääpiirteet]]
[[sv:Översikt över politiken]]
[[mk:Преглед на политиката и политичките науки]]

Latest revision as of 11:23, 22 March 2026


The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to politics and political science:

Part of the Politics series
Politics
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Politics &ndash; the exercise of power; process by which groups of people make collective decisions. Politics is the art or science of running governmental or state affairs (including behavior within civil governments), institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the corporate, academic, and religious segments of society.

Political science &ndash; the field concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior.

Fields of study of political science[edit | edit source]

Related disciplines[edit | edit source]

Political theory[edit | edit source]

Main article: Political theory

Decision-making[edit | edit source]

Election[edit | edit source]

Order of succession[edit | edit source]

Sortition[edit | edit source]

Political institutions[edit | edit source]

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Institutions are often the framework within which politics happens. Pictured is the Supreme Court of the United States.

Government[edit | edit source]

Branches of government[edit | edit source]

The separation of powers is typically set in the constitution or basic law in order to achieve checks and balances within government. The typical model has three branches, and is referred to as the trias politica.

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Political parties, and their number, are important aspects of representative systems. The number of political parties in the Hellenic Parliament of Greece has varied across time.

Political parties[edit | edit source]

Political behavior[edit | edit source]

Theories of political behaviour[edit | edit source]

Political strategy[edit | edit source]

See also: Political warfare

Voting behavior[edit | edit source]

Political dysfunction[edit | edit source]

Types of polities and forms of government[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of forms of government
See also: Polity

By level of social organisation[edit | edit source]

By formal power structure[edit | edit source]

By source of power[edit | edit source]

Political ideologies and philosophies[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of political ideologies

Governments of the world[edit | edit source]

Template:Government of Europe

Political issues and policies[edit | edit source]

Rights[edit | edit source]

Economic policy[edit | edit source]

Foreign and security policy[edit | edit source]

Social policy[edit | edit source]

Politics by continent[edit | edit source]

Template:Politics of Europe

Foreign relations by continents[edit | edit source]

Template:Foreign relations of Europe

Political parties by continent[edit | edit source]

Template:List of political parties in Europe

History of politics[edit | edit source]

Political scholars[edit | edit source]

Influential literature[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

Template:Outline footer

Further reading[edit | edit source]

  • Roskin, M.; Cord, R. L.; Medeiros, J. A.; Jones, W. S. (2007). Political Science: An Introduction. 10th ed. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-242575-9 (10). ISBN 978-0-13-242575-9 (13).
  • Tausch, A.; Prager, F. (1993). Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development. Basingstoke: Macmillan; New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Oxford Handbooks of Political Science &ndash; ten-volume set covering the political science topics political methodology, public policy, political theory, political economy, comparative politics, contextual political analysis, international relations, Law and Politics, political behavior, and political institutions. The general editor of the series is Robert E. Goodin.[5][6]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Suissa, Judith (2001). "Anarchism, Utopias and Philosophy of Education". Journal of Philosophy of Education 35 (4). pp. 627–646. doi:10.1111/1467-9752.00249.
  2. ↑ Mill, John Stuart (1861). "Chapter VII, Of True and False Democracy; Representation of All, and Representation of the Majority only". Considerations on Representative Government. London: Parker, Son, & Bourn.
  3. ↑ Carlisle, Rodney P., ed., The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right (Thousand Oaks, California, United States; London, England; New Delhi, India: Sage Publications, 2005) p. 693.
  4. ↑ Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Viṣṇugupta, Cāṇakya and Kauṭilya. The same individual is meant in each case. The Pańcatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with Viṣṇugupta."
  5. ↑ Dryzek, John S.; Honig, Bonnie; Phillips, Anne (27 Aug 2006). Oxford Handbook of Political Theory. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199270033. Archived from the original on Mar 5, 2016.
  6. ↑ Walsh, Mary (1 May 2008). "The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory". Contemporary Political Theory. 7 (2): 232–234. doi:10.1057/cpt.2008.2.

External links[edit | edit source]

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