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| {{Short description|Former Indian dynasty}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Khokhra Chieftaincy]] |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
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| {{Infobox Former Country
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| | native_name = Nagvanshi dynasty
| | {{R from move}} |
| |conventional_long_name = Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur
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| |common_name = Nagvanshi dynasty
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| |era =
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| |year_start = {{ubl|c. 94 (according to legend) | 4th century (according to scholars)}}
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| |year_end = 1952
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| |p1 =
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| |s1 = Ramgarh Raj
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| |s2 = Republic of India
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| |image_map =
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| {{South Asia in 1000|center||{{Annotation|178|124|[[File:Long Fine Rectangle (plain).png|40px]]}}||none}}
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| |image_map_caption ={{center|Location of the Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur and contemporary neighbouring South Asian polities in 1000, on the eve of the [[Ghaznavid Empire|Ghaznavid]] invasions of the subcontinent.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=Satish |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |pages=19–20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&pg=PA19 |language=en|author-link=Satish Chandra (historian)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=32, 146|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=069}}</ref>}}
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| |image_map2 = Map of Bengal in 958 CE.png
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| |image_map2_caption =Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur in East-central India in the 10th century
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| |image_map2_size = 300
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| |capital = {{plainlist|
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| *Sutiambe (near [[Pithoria]]) (1st–3rd centuries)
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| *Present day Chutia (in [[Ranchi]]) (3rd–12th centuries)
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| *[[Khukhragarh]] (12th–17th centuries)
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| *[[Navratangarh]] (17th–18th centuries)
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| *Lalgarh, [[Palkot]] (c. 1720–1870)
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| *[[Ratu, Ranchi|Ratu]] (1870–1952) }}
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| |common_languages = {{plainlist|
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| *[[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]] (court language, [[lingua franca]] and literature)
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| *[[Sanskrit]] (for religious ceremonies)}}
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| |religion = [[Hinduism]]
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| |status = *[[Sovereign state|Sovereign]] [[monarchy]] (until 1585)
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| *[[Vassal state]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] (1585–1615)
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| *Annexed by the Mughal Empire (1615)
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| *[[Tributary state]] of the Mughal Empire (1627–1733)
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| *[[Sovereign state|Sovereign]] [[monarchy]] (c. 1733–1771)
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| *[[Vassal state]] of the [[British East India Company]] (1771–1817)
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| *[[Zamindari|Zamindari state]] of the British East India Company (1817–1858) and [[British Raj|British India]] (1858–1947)
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| |government_type = [[Monarchy]]
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| |image_coat =
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| |title_leader = [[Raja]] (King or Chief)
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| |leader1 = [[Phani Mukut Rai]] (''first'') (according to legend)
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| |year_leader1 = c. 94–162
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| |leader2 = [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] (''last'')
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| |year_leader2 = 1950–1952
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| |today = [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]
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| }} | | }} |
| The '''Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur''', also known as the '''Khokhra chieftaincy''', was an Indian dynasty which ruled the parts of [[Chota Nagpur plateau]] region (modern-day [[Jharkhand]]) during much of ancient, medieval and modern period. [[Phani Mukut Rai]] is considered the first king of dynasty claim to be son of Pundrika Naga, a mythical [[Nāga|Naga]]. [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] (1931–2014) was last ruling king of the dynasty, until the estate was merged to the Republic of India.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2009/05/11/archaeologistsuncover-remains-of-ancient-empire-injharkhan.html|title=Archaeologists uncover remains of ancient empire in Jharkhand|website=oneindia|date=11 May 2009}}</ref><ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.119550/2015.119550.The-Nagbanshis-And-The-Cheros_djvu.txt|title=The Nagbanshis And The Cheros|website=archive.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D80EAAAAMAAJ&q=nagvanshi+rajput+chotanagpur|title=Khairagarh|year=1939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/ranchi-bids-tearful-farewell-to-last-maharaja.html|title=Ranchi bids tearful farewell to last Maharaja|website=dailypioneer|date=12 July 2014|access-date=2016-11-14}}</ref>
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| ==Origin==
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| The origins of the Nagvanshis are unknown.<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ|date=20 June 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2|pages=163–167}}</ref> The Nagvanshi claim descent from [[Nāga|Nagas]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0gwfmPFTLgC |title=Tribal Roots of Hinduism |publisher=Sarup & Sons |first=Shiv |last=Kumar Tiwari |year=2002 |page=264 |isbn=8176252999}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TGyzMJYZn-0C&pg=PA21 |title=Message of the Purans |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Ltd |first=B. B. |last=Paliwal |year=2005 |page=21 |isbn=978-8-12881-174-6}}</ref> According to Nagvanshavali (genealogy of Nagvanshi), the Nagvanshi dynasty originated with ''Pundarika Naga'', the son of [[Takshaka]]. The son of Pundarika Naga, [[Phani Mukut Rai]], founded the Nagvanshi dynasty.<ref name="Nagpuri Shist Sahitya">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.322091/2015.322091.Nagpuri-Sisth_djvu.txt|title=Nagpuri Shist Sahitya|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> Phani Mukut Rai was born on return journey from [[Puri]] to [[Varanasi]]. The Pundarika Naga turned Cobra after revealing his identity and his wife Parvati committed Sati. Later the [[Sakaldwipiya Brahmin]] found the child and took the child to Madura Munda, the chief of Sutiambe village. Madura Munda and other Raja such as King of [[Surguja State|Surguja]] and Aditya king of [[Patkum estate|Patkum]] elected Phani Mukut Rai as king due to his qualities.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/42298290|title=Pages from the Old Records: A Note on 'The "Kols" of Chota-Nagpore' by E.T. Dalton|author=Sanjay Nath|page=8|year=2015|access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref> His empire was named Nagpur. However, the story of Phani Mukut Rai is mostly considered to be a myth and an invented story of Brahminacal origin of the dynasty.<ref name="auto8">{{cite book |author=Asoka Kumar Sen |title=Indigeneity, Landscape and History: Adivasi Self-fashioning in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IpwuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT113 |year=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-351-61186-2 |page=113 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiamike.com/india/jharkhand-f144/the-lost-kingdom-of-navratangarh-t233144/|title=The Lost Kingdom of Navratangarh|website=IndiaMike.com|date=5 February 2015|access-date=2016-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/amazing-india/navratangarh-lost-kingdom-of-the-nagvanshis/|title=Navratangarh: Lost Kingdom of the Nagvanshis|website=livehistoryindia|date=27 August 2019|access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Nagpuri Shist Sahitya"/>
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| Many scholars put the date of establishment of Nagvanshi dynasty in the 4th century taking into account an average ruling period of 25 years for each king.<ref name="JHARKHAND SAMAGRA"/> According to a different source, the dynasty was founded in the 5th century as a successor state to the [[Gupta Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gumla.nic.in/about-district/history/|title=History|website=gumla.nic.com}}</ref> According to many historians the Nagvanshi dynasty was possibly established in 10th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sanjay Singh |title=PSC Jharkhand Lok Seva Ayog Samanya Adhyayan|date=19 January 2021 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZHBDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA9|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|isbn=978-9353228651|pages=5–9}}</ref>
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| ===Lineage===
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| The lineage of Nagvanshi is Kashyap gotra.<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India"/> According to [[Bhagavata Purana]], Sage [[Kashyapa]] and his wives generated various beings, including the Naga. Hence, [[Mleccha]]s, i.e. followers of non-vedic tradition were being bestowed by Kashyap gotra. Kashyap gotra is also used for vedic ritual performances for those who have forgotten their gotra. In this process, several people adopted Kashyap gotra during the 1st millennium.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.powerpolitics.in/Issues/July2019/page63.php|title=Of caste & cultural imposition|publisher=powerpolitics|year=2019|access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref>
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| ==History==
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| ===Ancient period===
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| According to Nagvanshi annals, [[Phani Mukut Rai]] was founder of Nagvanshi dynasty who was the son of [[Sakaldwipiya Brahmin]], a Parvati girl from Varanasi, and Pundarika Naga, the descendant of Naga king [[Takshaka]]. He was elevated to the throne by Madra Munda and other kings such as the king of [[Surguja State|Suguja]] and Aditya king of [[Patkum estate|Patkum]] in Sutiambe which is located around 20 km north of [[Ranchi]]. His rule extended to [[Ramgarh (community development block)|Ramgarh]], [[Gola (community development block)|Gola]], Tori, and Gharwe. He built a sun temple in [[Pithoria]] and established Brahmin from Puri by donating villages. But the remains of sun idols in Pithoria are dated to the 12th century.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/800-years-come-alive-in-pithoria-s-relics-archaeological-explorations-in-two-hamlets-yield-artefacts-from-12th-century-to-colonial-times/cid/482858|title=800 years come alive in Pithoria's relics - Archaeological explorations in two hamlets yield artefacts from 12th Century to colonial times|date=8 September 2010|website=telegraphindia}}</ref> The story of Phani Mukut Rai is mostly considered to be a myth by scholars.<ref name="auto8"/> According to ''Nagvanshavali'', the third Nagvanshi king Pratap Rai shifted his capital from ''Sutiambe'' to the present day ''chutia''.<ref name="JHARKHAND SAMAGRA">{{cite book|author=Birendra, Bimal Kishore Mishr|title=Jharkhand Samagra (Prabhat Prakashan)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hXYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|year=2020|isbn=9789390101160|pages=12–17}}</ref>
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| ===Medieval period===
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| A Sanskrit inscription of a Mahamaya temple in [[Gumla district]] mention the establishment of temple by King [[Gajghat Rai]] in [[Vikram Samvat]] in 965 (908 CE){{clarify|reason=What's the first, unmarked date if not CE?|date=January 2023}} and his rajguru [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rastrakuta]] Brahmin Shianath Dev.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gumla.nic.in/tourist-place/hapamuni/|title=Hapamuni|website=gumla.nic.in|access-date=17 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newsncr.com/national/1100-years-old-maa-mahamaya-temple-is-located-in-gumla-district-know-what-is-the-story-behind-its-establishment/|title=1100 years old Maa Mahamaya Temple is located in Gumla district, know what is the story behind its establishment|website=newsncr|date=8 October 2021|access-date=17 August 2022}}</ref> The [[Brahmanda Purana]] (c. 400 – c. 1000) mentions Nagvanshis as Naga king. It gives descriptions of five ''dwips'', i.e. lands. It includes the ''Sankha dwip'' where [[Sankh River|Sankh river]] flows from the hill near the kingdom of the Naga King, where precious stones are found.<ref name="academia.edu2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/34642397|title=Chota Nagpur – An Untold History: A Socio-Historical Analysis|author=Ambrish Gautam|publisher=academia.edu|date=2017|access-date=10 October 2022}}</ref>{{verification needed|reason=This doesn't look right – academia.edu doesn't publish anything, this should be a journal article. URL was broken when I checked it (25 January 2023, server error)|date=January 2023}}
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| In 12th century, Raja [[Bhim Karn]] defeated [[Raksel dynasty|Raksel]] of [[Surguja]] when they invaded the region. Then he conquered territory as far as Surguja and [[Palamu district|Palamu]]. He shifted his capital from present day Chutia to [[Khukhragarh]].<ref name="books.google">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYXy1XXNCKoC&q=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80&pg=PA33|title=Jharkhand Encyclopedia Hulgulanon Ki Partidhwaniyan-1|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> There are ancient fort, temple, coin and pottery remains found in the region.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/eye-on-nagvanshi-remains-culture-department-dreams-of-another-hampi-at-gumla-heritage-site/cid/626956|title=Eye on Nagvanshi remains – Culture department dreams of another Hampi at Gumla heritage site|date=7 May 2009|website=telegraphindia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/ancient-capital-to-open-for-visitors-caves-temples-at-sutiambe-to-offer-peek-into-history/cid/543971|title=Ancient capital to open for visitors – Caves & temples at Sutiambe to offer peek into history|website=telegraphindia|date=4 September 2008}}</ref> [[Shivdas Karn]] established Vishnu idol in the Hapamuni temple in [[Gumla district]] in Vikram Samvat 1458 (1401 CE){{clarify|reason=What's the first, unmarked date if not CE?|date=January 2023}} according to an inscription in Sanskrit.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan|isbn=9789351867982|access-date=22 December 2019|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002}}</ref> According to ''Nag vanshavali'', during the reign of [[Pratap Karn]], king of Sandhya, Tamar, Ghatwar kings rebelled. The king of [[Tamar block|Tamar]] indulged in plunder and loot. He seized fort of Nagvanshi king in [[Khukhragarh]]. Pratap Karn sought help of chief [[Baghdeo Singh|Baghdeo]] of Khayaragarh. Baghdeo was made Fauzdar of [[Karra block|Karra Pargana]] and he suppressed the rebellion in Tamar. The son of king of Tamar made king of Karnpura but he did not pay tax for three years. Baghdeo was sent to Karnpura to extract tax. Baghdeo defeated the king of Kapardeo and killed him. He also destroyed their fort Mahudigarh. Then he declared himself king of Karnpura. For this help Pratap Karn declared Baghdeo as King of Karnpura which gives rise to [[Ramgarh Raj]].<ref name="JHARKHAND SAMAGRA"/>
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| ===Modern period===
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| During the 16th century, king [[Madhu Karn Shah|Madhu Karn]] ruled the region. [[Baharistan-i-Ghaibi|Mirza Nathan]] refers to the region as ''Khokhradesh''.<ref name="auto"/> In 1585, the [[Mughal Empire]] invaded during the reign of Raja Madhu Karn. He became a vassal ruler under the Mughals. He participated in an expedition against the Afghan ruler in Odisha. After Madhu Karn, his son [[Bairisal]] became king and he also participated in several expeditions with [[Akbar]]. When Akbar died, Bairisal withdrew tribute to the Mughals. Mughal launched expedition against Nagvanshi king but failed to subjugate them. Raja [[Durjan Shah]], the son of Bairisal, was taken to prison in Agra for withdrawal of tribute to the Mughals; later he was released for identifying real diamonds. He built palaces, temples and ponds in [[Navratangarh]]. During this period, [[Chik Baraik|Baraik]], [[Rautia]] and [[Rajput]] held [[Jagir]]s from Nagvanshi kings and provided military services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.125201/2015.125201.The-Mundas-And-Their-Country_djvu.txt|title=Munda and their country|author=Sarat Chandra Roy|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref> Land grants were made to [[Brahmins]] for their priestly services.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UBBDAAAAYAAJ&q=sadan+nagpuri|title=Journal of Historical Research, Volume 43|publisher=Department of History, Ranchi University|page=89|year=2003}}</ref>
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| [[File:Nawratan gadh.jpg|thumb|[[Navratangarh|Navratangarh fort]]|left]]
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| [[Ram Shah (king)|Ram Shah]] built [[Kapilnath Temple]] in 1643 CE in Navratangarh.<ref name="livehistoryindia">{{cite web|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/places/navratangarh-lost-kingdom-of-the-nagvanshis|title=Navratangarh: Lost Kingdom of the Nagvanshis|publisher=livehistoryindia|date=27 April 2019|access-date=28 September 2022}}</ref> [[Raghunath Shah]] (1663–1690) built several temples, including Madan Mohan temple in Boera and Jagannath temple. According to Lal Pradumn Singh, the writer of book Nagvansh, Mughal invaded Khukhra during reign of Raghunath Shah. Mughal officials were sent by [[Aurangzeb]] to attack Khukhra. The invasion was strongly resisted which resulted in the death of Mughal officials. Later he agreed to pay tax to the Mughals. Thakur [[Ani Nath Shahdeo]] made Satranji the capital of [[Barkagarh estate]] near [[Subarnarekha river]]. He built the [[Jagannath temple, Ranchi|Jagannath temple]] in 1691.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/giant-new-chapter-for-nagpuri-poetry/cid/362632|title=Giant new chapter for Nagpuri poetry|date=5 November 2012|website=telegraphindia}}</ref>
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| [[File:IMGJagannathpur Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Jagannath temple, Ranchi|Jagannath temple]] at Ranchi built by king [[Ani Nath Shahdeo]] in 1691|left]]
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| In 1719, during the reign of Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]], Sarbuland Khan invaded to Chotanagpur plateau. Raja [[Yadunath Shah]] agreed to pay Rs. 100,000 (one [[lakh]]) as Nazrana.{{clarify|reason=jargon needs explaining|date=January 2023}} Then Yadunath Shah shifted the capital from Navratangarh to [[Palkot]] upon realising the weakness of the capital from a defensibility point of view. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Shivnath Shah (1724–1733). Due to non-payment of tribute, Fakhr-ud-daula invaded Khokhra in 1731. He faced considerable resistance from the Raja of Khokhra but both parties reached a compromise and he paid Rs. 12,000 as tribute. When Fakhr-ud-daula was removed from the post of Subedar of Bihar Suba in 1733, the Khokhra chief discontinued payment of tribute to Mughals. Maninath Shah (1748-1762) consolidated his authority over the estates of
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| [[Bundu, India|Bundu]], [[Silli block|Silli]], Barwe, Rahe, and [[Tamar block|Tamar]], and the chiefs of these estates were compelled to
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| acknowledge the Nagvanshi ruler as their chief.<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT215|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|isbn=9781000651522|last1=Ansari|first1=Tahir Hussain|date=20 June 2019}}</ref>
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| After the [[Battle of Buxar]] in 1764, the [[East India Company]] were given the right to collect revenue from Bihar, Bengal and Odisha by the Mughal Empire. In 1771, during the reign of [[Dripnath Shah]], Nagvanshi became a vassal of the East India Company due to conflicts with neighbouring kings and tribes.
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| Between 1760 and 1770, the [[Maratha Empire]] invaded Chotanagpur and looted and collected revenue forcefully. The British defeated the Maratha force in 1772. The British stationed military forces at Chotanagpur to check the incursions of Marathas. During the reign of [[Govind Nath Shah]], due to the rebellion, refusal of payment of revenue by subordinate [[Jagirdar]] and [[Zamindar]] under Nagvanshi king due to excessive tax imposition by the East India Company, Chotanagpur was brought under direct control by the East India Company in 1817 and they reduced Nagvanshi rulers to Zamindars. The disposition of some Mankis in Sonepur Pargana and mistreatment with a Manki by contractors resulted in the [[Kol uprising]] in 1831 to 1833, when Munda plundered and burned properties of Sikh and Muslim contractors' houses. Then these activities spread to Ranchi district and tribal Munda, Hos and Oraon indulged in indiscriminate plunder and killings of Muslims and Sikhs as well as villages of Hindus. They destroyed Mahamaya temple built by Gajghat Rai in Hapamuni village of Gumla. These activities speard to Palamu and joined by [[Kharwar]] and [[Chero]]. This insurgency was suppressed by Thomas Wilkinson.<ref name="Nagpuri Shist Sahitya"/>
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| In 1855, during the reign of [[Jagannath Shah Deo]], the king of [[Barkagarh estate]], [[Vishwanath Shahdeo]], stopped following the orders of the East India Company, defeated British forces in Hatia and ruled independently for two years. During the Rebellion of 1857, he led the rebels of Ramgarh Battalion. He organised an army with the assistance of nearby zamindars including [[Pandey Ganpat Rai]], [[Tikait Umrao Singh]], [[Sheikh Bhikhari]], Jaimangal Singh, and Nadir Ali Khan. He fought against an East India Company force in the [[Battle of Chatra]] but was defeated. [[Jagatpal Singh]], King of [[Pithoria]], helped the British to defeat the rebels. Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo was captured and hanged in Ranchi along with other rebels in April 1858. Later Barkagarh estate was confiscated for rebellion against Company rule.<ref name=Ustad1997>{{cite journal | jstor=44143953 | title=The Role of Bishwanath Sahi of Lohardaga district during the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar | author= Mathur Das Ustad | journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | year=1997 | volume=58 | pages=493–500}}</ref><ref name="MishraPaty2010">{{cite book|author1=Asha Mishra|author2=Chittaranjan Kumar Paty|title=Tribal Movements in Jharkhand, 1857–2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ul6fWJQOfzwC&pg=PA85|year=2010|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-686-2|pages=85–}}</ref>
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| [[File:LowerBengal1870Map.png|thumb|Map of Chotanagpur in Lower Bengal in 1870]]
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| The Nagvanshi rulers shifted their capital from Palkot to [[Ratu, Ranchi|Ratu]] in 1870. [[Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo]] built Ratu Palace in 1900. The last ruler of Nagvanshi dynasty was [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] (1931–2014). [[Zamindari]] was abolished after the independence of India in 1952.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/animal-sacrifice-alive-at-ratu-fort/cid/592736|title=Animal sacrifice alive at Ratu Fort|date=23 September 2009|website=telegraphindia}}</ref>
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| ===Branches===
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| Following are the states and estates established by Nagvanshi princes:
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| *[[Barkagarh estate]] of Satrangi (now in Ranchi)
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| *[[Khairagarh State]] of [[Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
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| *[[Kalahandi State]] of Kalahandi, [[Odisha]]
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| *[[Nilgiri State]] of Nilagiri, Baleswar, [[Odisha]]
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| *Jariagarh Estate of [[Khunti district]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://swadeshtoday.com/jaria-garh-royal-family-organized-a-planning-meeting-to-carry-out-the-tradition/|title=जरिया गढ़ राजपरिवार ने की परम्परा निर्वहन के लिए योजना बैठक|publisher=swadeshtoday|date=5 September 2021|access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref>
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| ===Post-independence ===
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| In modern period, Nagvanshi are divided into two subgroups namely Rajdariya, the descendants of the royal family, and Lohardagiya, the inhabitants of Lohardaga district. They have only one gotra ''[[Kashyapa|Kashyap]]''. Nagvanshi practice exogamy and establish relationships with other royal families. Nagvanshi use ''Shahdeo'' as their surname. They speak Nagpuri language and Hindi with others. They are non-vegetarian and eat rice, wheat and pulses.<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt9G1e6JF-QC|title=People of India: India's communities, Volume 6 of People of India, Anthropological Survey of India|author=K. S. Singh|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=9788185579092|year=1992}}</ref>
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|
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| ==Rulers==
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| Following is the list of Nagvanshi rulers according to "Nag Vanshavali" (1876) written by Beniram Mehta during reign of [[Jagannath Shah Deo]] and book "Nagvansh" (1951) written by Lal Pradumn Singh during reign of [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]]. There is considerable disagreement among historians about chronology of various kings and its authenticity. 57th Nagvanshi king [[Dripnath Shah]] (c. 1762–1790 CE) submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to the Governor General of India in 1787.<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros"/>
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|
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| ===Raja===
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| {{Div col|content=*Raja [[Phani Mukut Rai]]
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| *Raja Mukut Rai
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| *Raja Ghat Rai
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| *Raja Madan Rai
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| *Raja Pratap Rai
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| *Raja Kandrap Rai
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| *Raja Udaimani Rai
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| *Raja Jaimani Rai
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| *Raja Srimani Rai
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| *Raja Phani Rai
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| *Raja Gendu Rai
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| *Raja Hari Rai
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| *Raja Gajraj Rai
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| *Raja Sundar Rai
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| *Raja Mukund Rai
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| *Raja Udai Rai
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| *Raja Kanchan Rai
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| *Raja Magan Rai
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| *Raja Jagan Rai
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| *Raja Mohan Rai
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| *Raja Gajdant Rai
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| *Raja [[Gajghat Rai]] (9th century)
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| *Raja Chandan Rai
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| *Raja Anand Rai
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| *Raja Sripati Rai
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| *Raja Jaganand Rai
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| *Raja Nripendra Rai
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| *Raja Gandharva Rai
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| *Raja [[Bhim Karn]] (12th century)
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| *Raja Jash Karn
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| *Raja Jai Karn
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| *Raja Go Karn
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| *Raja Hari Karn
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| *Raja Shiv Karn
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| *Raja Benu Karn
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| *Raja Phenu Karn
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| *Raja Tihuli Karn
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| *Raja [[Shivdas Karn]] (14th century)
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| *Raja Udai Karn
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| *Raja Pritvi Karn
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| *Raja [[Pratap Karn]] (15th century)
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| *Raja Chhatra Karn
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| *Raja Virat Karn
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| *Raja Sindhu Karn
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| *Raja [[Madhu Karn Shah]] (16th century)
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| *Raja [[Bairisal]]
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| *Raja [[Durjan Shah]] (17th century)
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| *Raja Deo Shah
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| *Raja [[Ram Shah (king)|Ram Shah]] (1640-1663)
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| *Raja [[Raghunath Shah]] (1663–1690)
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| *Raja [[Yadunath Shah]] (1690–1724)
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| *Raja Shivnath Shah (1724–1733)
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| *Raja Udainath Shah (1733-1740)
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| *Raja Shyamsundar Nath Shah (1740–1745)
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| *Raja Balram Nath Shah (1745–1748)
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| *Raja Maninath Shah (1748–1762)
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| *Raja [[Dripnath Shah]] (1762–1790)
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| *Raja Deo Nath Shah (1790–1806)
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| |colwidth=40 em}}
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|
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| ===Maharaja===
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| *Maharaja [[Govind Nath Shah]] (1806–1822)
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| *Maharaja [[Jagannath Shah Deo]] (1822–1869)
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| *Maharaja [[Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo]] (1869/72–1950)
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| *Maharaja [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] (1950–1952)
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|
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| ==Notable people==
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| *[[Ani Nath Shahdeo]], King of Barkagarh
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| *[[Vishwanath Shahdeo]] – Freedom fighter in 1857 rebellion
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| *[[Lal Pingley Nath Shahdeo]] – Jurist and political activist
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| *[[Lal Ranvijay Nath Shahdeo]] – Lawyer, writer and political activist
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| *[[Lal Vijay Shahdeo]] – Film and television director
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| *[[Gopal Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] – Prince and politician
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|
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Chota Nagpur Division]]
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| *[[Chota Nagpur Tributary States]]
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|
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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|
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| [[Category:Dynasties of India]]
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| [[Category:Nagpuria people]]
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| [[Category:History of Jharkhand]]
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| [[Category:History of Bihar]]
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