Tata Group: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Indian multinational conglomerate company}}
{{Short description|Indian multinational conglomerate}}
{{Redirect|Tata & Sons|the parent company|Tata Sons}}
{{Redirect|Tata & Sons|the parent company|Tata Sons}}
{{Merge from|Draft:Tata Digital|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
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| name = Tata Group
| name = Tata Group
| logo = Tata logo.svg
| logo = Tata logo.svg
| image = Bombay house mast.jpg
| logo_size = 150px
| image =
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Tata Group's headquarters, the [[Bombay House]]
| image_caption = Tata Group's headquarters, the [[Bombay House]]
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| type = [[Corporate group]]  
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1868}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|1868}}
| founder = [[Jamsetji Tata]]
| founder = [[Jamsetji Tata]]
| location = [[Bombay House]], [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India
| location = [[Bombay House]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| area_served = Worldwide
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Ratan Tata]]<br>([[Emeritus|Chairman Emeritus]])|[[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]]}}
| key_people = {{ubl|[[Ratan Tata]]<br />{{small|(Chairman Emeritus)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Tata Sons confers title of Chairman Emeritus on , Cyrus Mistry to be Chairman from December 28 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tata-sons-confers-title-of-chairman-emeritus-on--cyrus-mistry-to-be-chairman-from-december-28/articleshow/17663105.cms |access-date=27 May 2022 |work=The Economic Times |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527092314/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tata-sons-confers-title-of-chairman-emeritus-on--cyrus-mistry-to-be-chairman-from-december-28/articleshow/17663105.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>|[[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]]<br />{{small|(Chairman & Managing Director)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/tata-vs-mistry-supreme-court-stays-nclat-order-favouring-cyrus-mistry/articleshow/73184138.cms | title=Supreme Court stays NCLAT order restoring Cyrus Mistry as Tata Sons Executive Chairman | publisher=ET News | date=11 January 2020 | access-date=14 January 2020 | archive-date=16 March 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316141936/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/tata-vs-mistry-supreme-court-stays-nclat-order-favouring-cyrus-mistry/articleshow/73184138.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>}}
(Chairman)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/tata-vs-mistry-supreme-court-stays-nclat-order-favouring-cyrus-mistry/articleshow/73184138.cms | title=Supreme Court stays NCLAT order restoring Cyrus Mistry as Tata Sons Executive Chairman | publisher=ET News | date=11 January 2020 | access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref>
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| products = {{hlist
| products = {{hlist  
  | [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
  | [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
  | [[Airlines]]
  | [[Airlines]]
  | [[Chemicals]]
  | [[Chemicals]]
| [[Consultancy]]
  | [[Arms industry|Defence]]
  | [[Arms industry|Defence]]
  | [[Fast-moving consumer goods|FMCG]]
  | [[Fast-moving consumer goods|FMCG]]                   
  | [[Electric Utility]]
| [[Electronics]]                     
| [[Electric utility]]
  | [[Electric power]]
  | [[Finance]]
  | [[Finance]]
  | [[Football Club]]
  | [[Jewellers]]
  | [[Home Appliances]]
  | [[Home appliances]]
  | [[Hospitality]]
  | [[Hospitality]]
  | [[IT services]]
  | [[Hotels]]
| [[Information technology]]  
  | [[Retail]]
  | [[Retail]]
  | [[E-Commerce]]
  | [[E-commerce]]
  | [[Real Estate]]
  | [[Real estate]]
  | [[Salt]]
  | [[Salt]]
  | [[Steel]]
  | [[Steel]]  
  | [[Software]]
  | [[Cement]]
  | [[Cement]]|[[Telecommunications|Telecom]]
  | [[Tea]]
| [[Telecommunications]]
}}
}}
| revenue = {{up}} {{INR}} 9.1 lakh crore <br> ({{US$|123 billion |link=yes}})<ref name="Tata Financials">{{cite web |url=https://www.tata.com/about-us |title=Tata Group Business Overview |work=Tata Group}}</ref>
| revenue = {{gain}} {{USD}}128 billion<ref name="Tata Financials"/>
| revenue_year = 2020
| revenue_year = FY 2022
| owner = [[Tata Sons]] (66%)
| num_employees = 935,000<ref name="Tata Financials"/> (FY 2022)
| num_employees = 750,000<ref name="Tata Financials"/> (2020)
| subsid = [[List of entities associated with Tata Group|See list]]
| subsid = [[List of entities associated with Tata Group]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.tata.com/|tata.com}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.tata.com/}}
}}
}}
The '''Tata Group''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɑː|t|ɑː}}) is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] headquartered in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tata Group {{!}} History, Companies, Subsidiaries, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tata-Group |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=7 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007040236/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tata-Group |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-09 |title=Tata Group |url=https://www.titancompany.in/tata-group |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=Titan Corporate |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124181146/https://www.titancompany.in/tata-group |url-status=live }}</ref> Established in 1868, it is India's largest conglomerate, with products and services in over 150 countries, and operations in 100 countries across six continents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Companies {{!}} Investors {{!}} Tata group |url=https://www.tata.com/investors/companies |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=www.tata.com |language=en}}</ref> Acknowledged as the founder of the Tata Group, [[Jamsetji Tata]] is sometimes referred to as the "father of Indian industry".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ratan Tata {{!}} Jamsetji Tata: Ratan Tata pays tribute to Tata Group founder Jamsetji, the 'father of Indian industry', on his birth anniversary |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ratan-tata-pays-tribute-to-tata-group-founder-jamsetji-the-father-of-indian-industry-on-his-birth-anniversary/articleshow/89965613.cms |access-date=2022-04-04 |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531190539/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ratan-tata-pays-tribute-to-tata-group-founder-jamsetji-the-father-of-indian-industry-on-his-birth-anniversary/articleshow/89965613.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>


'''Tata Group''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] manufacturer of automobiles, airplanes and other products, headquartered in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India. Founded in 1868 by [[Jamshedji Tata]], the company gained international recognition after purchasing several global companies. It is one of the biggest and oldest industrial groups in India. Each Tata company operates independently under the guidance and supervision of its own board of directors and shareholders.
Each Tata company operates independently under the guidance and supervision of its own board of directors and shareholders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tata Sons {{!}} Tata group |url=https://www.tata.com/business/tata-sons |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=www.tata.com |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318194442/https://www.tata.com/business/tata-sons |url-status=live }}</ref> Philanthropic trusts control over 66% of the Tata holding company [[Tata Sons]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Companies {{!}} Investors {{!}} Tata group |url=https://www.tata.com/investors/companies |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=www.tata.com |language=en}}</ref> while the [[Tata family]] is a very small shareholder.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tata success story is based on humanity, philanthropy and ethics |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tata-success-story-is-based-on-humanity-philanthropy-and-ethics/articleshow/41766592.cms |access-date=2022-04-04 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527092022/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tata-success-story-is-based-on-humanity-philanthropy-and-ethics/articleshow/41766592.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>


Significant Tata affiliates include [[Tata Chemicals]], [[Tata Communications]], [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Tata Consumer Products]], Tata Elxsi, [[Tata Motors]], [[Tata Power]], [[Tata Steel]], [[Jamshedpur FC]], [[Tanishq]], [[Voltas]], [[Tata Cliq]], [[Tata Projects Limited]], [[Tata Capital]], [[Titan Company|Titan]], [[Trent (Westside)|Trent]], [[Indian Hotels Company Limited]], [[TajAir]], [[Vistara]], [[Cromā]], and [[Tata Starbucks]].
The group's annual revenue for fiscal year 2021–22 was reported to be US$128 billion.<ref name="Tata Financials">{{cite web |url=https://www.tata.com/investors |title=Investors |work=Tata Group |access-date=23 December 2020 }}</ref> There are 29 publicly-listed Tata Group companies with a combined market capitalisation of $311 billion as of March 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tata.com/about-us |title=Tata Group Business Overview |work=Tata Group |access-date=23 December 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019115318/https://www.tata.com/about-us |url-status=live }}</ref> The company has operations across Asia, Africa, America, and Middle East. Significant [[List of entities associated with Tata Group|Tata Group affiliates]] include [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Tata Consumer Products]], [[Tata Motors]], [[Tata Power]], [[Tata Steel]], [[Voltas]], [[Titan Company]], [[Tanishq]], [[Tata Chemicals]], [[Tata Communications]], [[Trent Limited|Trent]], [[Tata Elxsi]], [[Indian Hotels Company Limited|Indian Hotels Company]], [[Air India]], [[TajAir]], [[Tata Cliq]], [[Tata Advanced Systems]], [[Tata Capital]], [[Cromā]], BigBasket and [[Tata Starbucks]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Companies {{!}} Investors {{!}} Tata group |url=https://www.tata.com/investors/companies |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=www.tata.com |language=en |archive-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528204653/https://www.tata.com/investors/companies |url-status=live }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
 
=== 1839–1904 ===
=== 1868–1904 ===
[[File:IISc Bangalore.jpg|left|thumb|[[Indian Institute of Science]] in [[Bangalore]] foundation was laid by [[Jamshedji Tata]]]]
At the age of 28, [[Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata]]   worked in his father's company. In 1870 with Rs.21,000 capital, he founded a trading company. Further he bought a bankrupt oil mill at [[Chinchpokli]] and converted it into a cotton mill, under the name Alexandra Mill which he sold for a profit after two years. In 1874, he set up another cotton mill at [[Nagpur]] named Empress Mill. He dreamed of achieving four goals, setting up an iron and steel company, a unique hotel, a world-class learning institution and a hydro-electric plant. During his lifetime, in 1903, the [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel|Taj Mahal Hotel]] at [[Colaba]] waterfront was opened making it the first hotel with electricity in India.
<!-- As published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Arts dated Aug. 27, 1948. The House of Tata - Sixty Years Industrial Development in India by Sir Frederick James, O.B.E. -->[[Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata]] was born in 1839. Tata graduated from [[Elphinstone College]] in Bombay in 1858. Shortly afterwards, he joined his father’s trading firm that dealt in general merchandise. There, the junior Tata took a special interest in developing trade with China.
[[File:Taj Mahal Hotel, Mumbai.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Taj Mahal Palace Hotel]] in Mumbai is owned by Tata Group]]
When the American Civil War caused a boom in the Bombay cotton market, Tata and his father joined the [[Asiatic Banking Corporation]]. When the tide ebbed, Tata's credit was left desolate. Fortunately, the firm’s credit was re-established during the next three years. A share in the lucrative contract for the commissariat of Napier’s expedition to Abyssinia in 1868 restored the family fortune.” In 1870 with Rs.21,000 capital, he founded a trading company.<ref name="tata group Timeline">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-group-our-heritage/Our-Timeline|title=Our Timeline: The Complete Story &#124; Tata group|website=www.tata.com|access-date=20 October 2021|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020043116/https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-group-our-heritage/Our-Timeline|url-status=live}}</ref> Further, he bought a bankrupt oil mill at [[Chinchpokli]] and converted it into a cotton mill, under the name Alexandra Mill which he sold for a profit after two years. In 1874, he set up another cotton mill at [[Nagpur]] named Empress Mill. He dreamed of achieving four goals, setting up an iron and steel company, a unique hotel, a world-class learning institution, and a hydroelectric plant. During his lifetime, in 1903, the [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel|Taj Mahal Hotel]] at [[Colaba]] waterfront was opened making it the first hotel with electricity in India.


=== 1904–1938 ===
=== 1904–1938 ===
After Jamsetji's death, his older son [[Dorabji Tata]] became the chairman in 1904. Sir Dorabji established the Tata Iron and Steel company (TISCO), now known as [[Tata Steel]] in 1907. Marking the group's global ambitions, Tata Limited opened its first overseas office in London. Following the founder's goals, Western India's first hydro plant was brought to life, giving birth to [[Tata Power]]. Yet another dream, Indian Institute of Science was established with the first batch admitted in 1911.
After Jamsedji's death, his older son [[Dorabji Tata]] became the chairman in 1904.<ref name="tata group Timeline"/> Sir Dorabji established the Tata Iron and Steel company (TISCO), now known as [[Tata Steel]] in 1907. Marking the group's global ambitions, Tata Limited opened its first overseas office in London. Following the founder's goals, Western India's first hydro plant was brought to life, giving birth to [[Tata Power]]. Yet another dream, [[Indian Institute of Science]] was established with the first batch admitted in 1911.


=== 1938–1991 ===
=== 1938–1991 ===
[[J. R. D. Tata]] was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1938. Under his chairmanship, the assets of the Tata Group grew from US$101 million to over US$5 billion. Starting with 14 enterprises, upon his departure half a century later in 1988, Tata Sons had grown to a conglomerate of 95 enterprises. These enterprises consisted of ventures that the company had either started or in which they held controlling interest. New sectors such as chemicals, technology, cosmetics, marketing, engineering, and manufacturing, tea, and software services earned them recognition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tata-Group|title=Tata Group {{!}} History, Companies, Subsidiaries, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-03-20}}</ref>
[[File:J.R.D. Tata (1955).jpg|thumb|[[J. R. D. Tata]] became chairman of Tata Group from 1938 - 1991]]
[[J. R. D. Tata]] was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1938. Under his chairmanship, the assets of the Tata Group grew from US$101 million to over US$5 billion. Starting with 14 enterprises, upon his departure half a century later in 1988, Tata Sons had grown to a conglomerate of 95 enterprises. These enterprises consisted of ventures that the company had either started or in which they held a controlling interest. New sectors such as chemicals, technology, cosmetics, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, tea, and software services earned them recognition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tata-Group|title=Tata Group {{!}} History, Companies, Subsidiaries, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-03-20|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007040236/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tata-Group|url-status=live}}</ref>


In 1952, JRD founded an airline, known as [[Air India|Tata Air Services]] (later renamed Tata Airlines). In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from [[Tata Sons]], though JRD Tata would continue as chairman till 1977.
In 1932,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-group-our-heritage/Our-Timeline | title=Our Timeline: The Complete Story &#124; Tata group }}</ref> JRD founded an airline, known as [[Air India|Tata Air Services]] (later renamed Tata Airlines). In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from [[Tata Sons]], though JRD Tata would continue as chairman till 1977.


In 1945, [[Tata Motors]] was founded, first focused on locomotives. In 1954, it entered the commercial vehicle market after forming a joint venture with [[Daimler-Benz]]. In 1968, [[Tata Consultancy Services]] was founded.
In 1945, [[Tata Motors]] was founded, first focused on locomotives. In 1954, it entered the commercial vehicle market after forming a joint venture with [[Daimler-Benz]]. In 1968, [[Tata Consultancy Services]] was founded.


=== 1991–present ===
=== 1991–2012 ===
In 1991, [[Ratan Tata]] became chairman of Tata Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's a brief history of the Tata Group's six chairmen|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/a-brief-history-of-the-tata-groups-six-charmen/story/238925.html|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.businesstoday.in}}</ref> This was also the year of [[Economic liberalisation in India|economic liberalization in India]], opening up the market to foreign competitors.<ref>{{Cite news|title=One more push|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2011/07/21/one-more-push|access-date=2020-07-31|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> During this time, Tata Group began to acquire a number of companies, including [[Tetley]] (2000), [[Tata Steel Europe|Corus Group]] (2007), and [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]] and [[Land Rover]] (2008). In 2017, [[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]] was appointed chairman.
[[File:The Chairman of Tata Trusts, Shri Ratan Tata addressing at the launch of the “Zila Swachh Bharat Preraks”, one in each district, across the country, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|[[Ratan Tata]], the former chairman of the company led the acquisition of several companies by Tata Group]]
In 1991, [[Ratan Tata]] became chairman of Tata Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's a brief history of the Tata Group's six chairmen|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/a-brief-history-of-the-tata-groups-six-charmen/story/238925.html|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=25 October 2016 |archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027054114/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/a-brief-history-of-the-tata-groups-six-charmen/story/238925.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This was also the year of [[economic liberalization in India]], opening up the market to foreign competitors.<ref>{{Cite news|title=One more push|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2011/07/21/one-more-push|access-date=2020-07-31|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=31 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831091728/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2011/07/21/one-more-push|url-status=live}}</ref> During this time, Tata Group began to acquire several companies. Tata Group bought [[Tetley]] In February 2000. After that, it acquired [[Tata Steel Europe|Corus Group]] in 2007. In the year 2008, it acquired [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]] and [[Land Rover]]. The company's subsidiary [[Tata Motors]] launched the [[Tata Nano]] which they presented as "the world’s most affordable car" in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World's cheapest car debuts in India |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/worlds-cheapest-car-debuts-in-india |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=HISTORY |language=en |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319093344/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/worlds-cheapest-car-debuts-in-india |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
In 2017, [[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]] was appointed chairman. He was instrumental in restructuring business verticals and increasing promoter stake ownership in companies. Under his leadership, the group made acquisitions through insolvency law and investments in E-commerce, expanded its airline business by winning a bid for Air India, and completely bought Air Asia India. He has mentioned the future strategy is to focus on healthcare, electronics, and digital.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shinde|first=Shivani|date=2021-12-27|title=Chandrasekaran lists 4 themes for Tata group, warns of Covid impact|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/chandrasekaran-lists-4-themes-for-tata-group-warns-of-covid-impact-121122700818_1.html|access-date=2021-12-28|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228211511/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/chandrasekaran-lists-4-themes-for-tata-group-warns-of-covid-impact-121122700818_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Tata Owned Air India got approval to acquire [[AirAsia India]], nearly two months after putting forth the proposal. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the acquisition of the entire shareholding in Air Asia India by Tata-owned Air India.<ref>{{Citation |title=Bewoor, Sir Gurunath Venkatesh, (died 29 Nov. 1950), ICS (retired); Director, Tata Industries Ltd, Bombay; Director-in-charge Air-India and Air-India International |date=2007-12-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222593 |work=Who Was Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222593 |access-date=2022-06-17 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706105619/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-222593 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Chairman==
==Chairman==
Line 76: Line 89:
* [[Cyrus Mistry]] (2012–2016)
* [[Cyrus Mistry]] (2012–2016)
* [[Ratan Tata]] (2016–2017)
* [[Ratan Tata]] (2016–2017)
* [[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]] (2017–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/tata-vs-mistry-supreme-court-stays-nclat-order-favouring-cyrus-mistry/articleshow/73184138.cms|title=Supreme Court Stays NCLAT order restoring Cyrus Mistry as Chairman|date=11 January 2020|via=The Economic Times}}</ref>
* [[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]] (2017–present) <ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/tata-vs-mistry-supreme-court-stays-nclat-order-favouring-cyrus-mistry/articleshow/73184138.cms|title=Supreme Court Stays NCLAT order restoring Cyrus Mistry as Chairman|date=11 January 2020|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316141936/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/tata-vs-mistry-supreme-court-stays-nclat-order-favouring-cyrus-mistry/articleshow/73184138.cms|url-status=live|last1=Rautray |first1=Samanwaya }}</ref>


==Affiliates==
==Affiliated companies==
{{main|List of entities associated with Tata Group}}
{{main|List of entities associated with Tata Group}}
{{multiple image
[[File:TCS-Siruseri-Building.jpg|thumb|[[Tata Consultancy Services]] largest campus in [[Chennai]], [[India]]]]
| align = right
[[File:Port talbot large.jpg|thumb|[[Port Talbot Steelworks]]]]
| direction = vertical
{| class="wikitable sortable"
| header =
!Company
| width = 200
!Major Subsidiary
| image1 = Bombay house mast.jpg
!Equity Stake<ref>{{Cite web |title=Register - Screener |url=https://www.screener.in/register/?next=/shareholders/view/tatasons/ |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=www.screener.in |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706105555/https://www.screener.in/register/?next=%2Fshareholders%2Fview%2Ftatasons%2F |url-status=live }}</ref>
| caption1 = [[Bombay House]], the head office of Tata Group
|-
| image2 =
| colspan="3" |'''Aerospace & Defense'''
| caption2 = Tata Bus
|-
| image3 = 2017-03-07 Geneva Motor Show 1068.JPG
|[[Tata Advanced Systems]]
| caption3 = [[Tata Tigor]]
|'''N/A'''
| image4 = TataTea.JPG
|100%
| caption4 = Packets of [[Tata Tea]]
|-
| image5 = Himalayan.JPG
| colspan="3" |'''Information Technology'''
| caption5 = Himalayan—Tata mineral water
|-
| image6 = Shuttle at Madrid airport.jpg
|[[Tata Consultancy Services|Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)]]
| caption6 = Tata bus in Madrid, Spain
|
| image7 = TATA_XENON.jpg
# [[TCS China]]
| caption7 = Thai-assembled Tata Xenon pickup truck
# [[Tata Research Development and Design Centre|TRDDC]]
| image8 = Taj Mahal Palace Hotel.jpg
# [[Computational Research Laboratories]]
| caption8 = [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel]], owned by a Tata subsidiary
|72.27
| total_width =
|-
| alt1 =
|[[Tata Elxsi]]
}}
|'''N/A'''
Tata Group of Companies has many affiliates. These affiliates function in almost all sectors. This section lists the Tata companies and details their business:
|42.22
 
|-
===Chemicals===
|Nelco Ltd.
{{Div col}}
|'''N/A'''
* [[Tata Chemicals]]
|100
** [[Tata Swach]]
|-
** [[Tata Chemicals Europe]]
| colspan="3" |'''Steel'''
*** [[Magadi Soda Company]]
|-
* Advinus Therapeutics
|[[Tata Steel]]
* Rallis India
|
* Tata Pigments Limited
# Indian Steel & Wire Products
{{colend}}
# [[Tata Metaliks Ltd.]]
 
# [[Tata Steel Netherlands]]
===FMCG===
# [[Tata Steel UK]]
{{Div col}}
# Tata Steel Long Products (74.91%)
* [[Tata Consumer Products]], second-largest global manufacturer of tea.
# [[Tata Steel Thailand]]
** [[Tata Salt]]
# [[Tata Tinplate|The Tinplate Company of India Limited]]
** Tata Sampann
# [[Tayo Rolls]]
** Himalayan, mineral water brand
# Tata Robins Fraser Ltd.(TRF)
** [[I-shakti]]
# [[Jamshedpur FC]]
** [[Tata Tea]]
# [[Steel Authority of India#S&T_Mining_Company_Pvt._Ltd|S&T Mining]]
*** [[Tetley]]
|32.46
** [[Tata Coffee]]
|-
*** [[Eight O'Clock Coffee]]
| colspan="3" |'''Electrical & Electronics'''
** [[Tata Starbucks]], a 50:50 joint venture company, owned by [[Starbucks Corporation]] and Tata Consumer Products
|-.                                   
* [[Casa Décor]]
|Tata Electronics                           
* [[Tata Ceramics]]
|
* [[TRL Krosaki Refractories Limited]]
|100%
* [[Tata Zoya]]
|-
* [[Titan Industries]]
|[[Tata Power]]
** [[Fastrack (fashion accessories)|Fastrack]], youth fashion brand
|
** Titan Eye Plus (Titan Eye+), Titan Industries optical stores
# [[Tata Power Solar]]
** [[Tanishq]]
# Nelco Limited (48.64%)
* [[Voltas]], consumer electronics company
# [[Maithon Power Plant|Maithon Power]]
 
# [[Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited|Tata Power Delhi Dist Ltd]]
{{colend}}
# [[TP Central Odisha Distribution Limited|TP Central Odisha Dist Ltd]]
 
# [[Western Electricity Supply Company of Odisha|TP Western Odisha Dist Ltd]]
===Retail and E-commerce===
# [[North Eastern Electricity Supply Company of Odisha|TP Northern Odisha Dist Ltd]]
 
|45.21%
{{divcol}}
|-
* [[Trent (Westside)]]
| colspan="3" |'''Engineering'''
** [[Landmark Bookstores]]
|-
** Star Bazaar
|[[Tata Projects Limited|Tata Projects]]
* Infiniti Retail ([[Cromā]])
|'''N/A'''
* [[Tata Cliq]] as an [[E-commerce]] platform
|100%
** Tata cliq luxury as a shopping of luxury brands
|-
* Starquik as an online grocery store by Tata Enterprise
|Tata Consulting Engineers
* Supermarket Grocery Supplies Pvt. Ltd. ([[Bigbasket]]), online grocery delivery service.
|'''N/A'''
{{colend}}
|100%
 
|-
===Energy===
| colspan="3" |'''Real estate'''
{{Div col}}
|-
* Hooghly Met Coke and Power Company
|[[Tata Housing Development Company|Tata Housing]]
* Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company
|'''N/A'''
* Powerlinks Transmission
|100%
* [[Tata Power]], one of the largest private sector power companies
|-
** Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd (formerly North Delhi Power Ltd)
|Tata Realty and Infrastructure
** [[Tata Power Solar]], (formerly as JV with [[BP Solar]], now wholly owned)
|'''N/A'''
** Tata Power Trading
|100%
{{colend}}
|-
 
|Hemisphere Prop
===Engineering===
|'''N/A'''
{{Div col|colwidth=}}
|11.96%
* TAL Manufacturing Solutions
|-
* [[Tata Advanced Systems Limited]]
| colspan="3" |'''Automotive'''
* Tata Advanced Materials
|-
* Tata AutoComp Systems Limited (TACO)
|[[Tata Motors]]
* Tata Cummins
|
* Tata Precision Industries
# Tata AutoComp Systems Limited
* Tata Projects
# [[Tata Technologies Limited]]
* TRF
# [[Jaguar Land Rover]]
* Voltas Global Engineering Centre
# [[Tata Daewoo]]
* TitanX
# [[Tata Hispano]]
* [[Tata Motors]], India's largest manufacturer of [[commercial vehicles]] and [[automobile|passenger cars]]; parent company of:
# [[Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery]]
** [[Hispano Carrocera]]
# [[Tata Motors Cars]]
** [[Jaguar Land Rover]] (manufacturing cars under the [[Jaguar cars|Jaguar]] and [[Land Rover]] marques)
|46.40
** [[Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle]]
|-
** [[Tata Marcopolo]]
|Tata Autocomp Systems
** Tata Motors European Technical Centre
|'''N/A'''
** [[Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery]]
|100%
** [[Tata Technologies Limited]] inc. [[INCAT]]
|-
{{colend}}
| colspan="3" |'''Consumer & Retail'''
 
|-
===Information systems and communications===
|[[Tata Chemicals]]
{{Div col}}
|
* Nelco Ltd. (national radio and electronics company)
# [[Tata Chemicals Europe]]
** Nelito Systems - Started as an IT JV of Nelco and [[Itochu]], DTS of Japan bought out
# Rallis India Limited
* [[Tata Communications]]
#[[Brunner Mond]]
** [[VSNL International Canada]]
#[[British Salt]]
* [[Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.]] ([[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]]), one of world's largest IT services companies
#[[Magadi Soda Company]]
** [[CMC Limited]]
#[[Tata Swach]]
** [[Computational Research Laboratories]]
|31.90%
* [[Tata Business Support Services]]
|-
* [[Elxsi|Tata Elxsi]]
|[[Tata Consumer Products]]
* [[Tata Teleservices]]
|
** [[Tata Sky]]
# [[Good Earth Tea]]s
** [[Tata DoCoMo]]
# [[Tata Coffee]]
* Tatanet, managed connectivity and VSAT service provider
# [[Tata Salt]]
{{colend}}
# [[Tetley]]
 
# [[Eight O'Clock Coffee|Eight O'Clock]]
===Services===
# [[Tata Starbucks]] (50%)
{{Div col}}
|29.39%
* Drive India Enterprise Solutions
|-
* Mjunction Services Limited
|[[Voltas]]
* Tata NYK
|'''N/A'''
 
|26.64
====Airlines====
|-
* [[Air Asia India]] joint venture with [[Air Asia]]
|[[Titan Company|Titan Company Ltd]]
* [[Vistara]] joint venture with [[Singapore Airlines]]
|
 
# [[CaratLane]]
====Catering====
# [[Favre-Leuba]]
* [[Bombay Brasserie]]
# [[Fastrack (fashion accessories)|Fastrack]]
* Golden Dragon
# [[Tanishq]]
* Thai Pavilion
# [[Taneira]]
 
|20.84
====Hotels====
|-
* [[The Indian Hotels Company]]
| colspan="3" |'''Retail'''
** amã Stays & Trails
|-
** SeleQtions
|Star Bazaar
** Roots Corporation
|'''N/A'''
*** [[Ginger Hotels]]
|100%
** [[Taj Hotels]]
|-
*** [[Vivanta By Taj]]
|[[Trent (Westside)]]
*** [[TajAir]]
|
*** Taj Holidays
# Westside
** The Gateway Hotels & Resorts
# Star Bazaar
 
# [[Landmark Bookstores]]
====Financial services====
# Zudio
* Indicash ATM (India's first and largest [[White-label ABMs|white-label]] ATM network)
|32.45
* e-Nxt Financials Ltd.
|-
* TATA AIA Life Insurance
| colspan="3" |'''Financial services'''
* [[TATA AIG General Insurance]]
|-
* Tata Asset Management
|[[Tata Capital]]
* [[Tata Capital]]
|'''N/A'''
* Tata Communications Payment Solutions (banking and financial services)
|100%
* Tata Financial Services
|-
 
|Tata Asset Management
====Holding companies====
|'''N/A'''
* Tata Africa Holdings
|100%
* Tata International AG
|-
* [[Tata Investment Corp]]
|[[TATA AIG|Tata AIG]]
* Tata Limited
|'''N/A'''
 
|100%
====Realty====
|-
* [[Tata Housing Development Company]] Ltd. (THDC)
|Tata AIA Life
* Tata Realty and Infrastructure Limited
|'''N/A'''
 
|100%
====Organisational services====
|-
* Tata Industrial Services
|[[Tata Investment Corp]]
* Tata Quality Management Services
|'''N/A'''
* Tata Services
|68.51
* Tata Strategic Management Group
|-
 
| colspan="3" |'''Tourism & Travel'''
====Logistics====
|-
* TKM Global, Logistics and Supply Chain
|[[Indian Hotels Company Limited|Indian Hotel Company]]
{{colend}}
|
 
# [[Taj Hotels]]
===Iron and steel===
# [[Vivanta]]
* JAMIPOL
# [[Ginger Hotels|Ginger]]
* NatSteel Holdings
|38.43
* Tata Bearings
|-
* [[Tata Steel]]
|[[TajAir|Taj Air]]
** [[Tata BlueScope Steel]]
|'''N/A'''
** Tata Metaliks
|100%
** [[Tayo Rolls]]
|-
** Tata Sponge Iron
|[[AirAsia India]]
** [[Tata Steel Europe]]
|'''N/A'''
** Tata Steel KZN
|100%
** [[Tata Steel BSL]]
|-
** [[Tata Steel Processing and Distribution]]
|[[Air India Limited]]
* The Tinplate Company of India
|
* TM International Logistics
# [[Air India]]
# [[Air India Express]]
# [[Alliance Air (India)]]
# [[AirAsia India|Air Asia India]]
# Air India SATS Airport Services (50%)
|100%
|-
|[[Vistara]]
|'''N/A'''
|51%
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Telecom & Media'''
|-
|[[Tata Communications]]
|[[VSNL International Canada]]
|31.90
|-
|[[Tata Teleservices]]
|'''N/A'''
|19.58
|-
|[[Tata Play]]
|'''N/A'''
|60%
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Trading & Investments'''
|-
|Tata International
|'''N/A'''
|100%
|-
|Tata Industries Ltd
|
# Tata Health
# [[Tata Cliq|TataCLiQ]]
|100%
|-
|Panatone Finvest
|
# Hemisphere Prop (7.96%)
# [[Tata Communications]] (44.80%)
# Tejas Networks (52.40%)
|100%
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Digital'''
|-
|Tata Digital
|
# BigBasket  (68%)
# [[Tata 1mg]] (55%)
# [[Tata Neu]]
# [[Cromā|Infiniti Retail]]
# Tata nexarc
|100%
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Legal'''
|-
|'''PLF PVT LTD PLC OF INDIA''' - '''TATA GROUP LEGAL DIVISION'''
|Legal Processing Divisions
|N/A
|}


===Acquisitions===
== Acquisitions ==
* February 2000 – [[Tetley]] Tea Company, $407&nbsp;million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/aug/24spec.htm|title=Tatas' shopping spree: 27 in 6 years!|date=24 August 2006|work=Rediff|access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref>
* February 2000 – [[Tetley]] Tea Company, $407&nbsp;million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/aug/24spec.htm|title=Tatas' shopping spree: 27 in 6 years!|date=24 August 2006|work=Rediff|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501114248/http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/aug/24spec.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* March 2004 – [[Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle|Daewoo Commercial Vehicle]] Company, $102&nbsp;million
* March 2004 – [[Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle|Daewoo Commercial Vehicle]] Company, $102&nbsp;million
* August 2004 – NatSteel's Steel business, $292&nbsp;million
* August 2004 – NatSteel's Steel business, $292&nbsp;million
Line 288: Line 361:
* June 2006 – [[Eight O'Clock Coffee]], $220&nbsp;million
* June 2006 – [[Eight O'Clock Coffee]], $220&nbsp;million
* November 2006 – [[Ritz Carlton]] Boston, $170&nbsp;million
* November 2006 – [[Ritz Carlton]] Boston, $170&nbsp;million
* January 2007 – [[Corus Group]], $12&nbsp;billion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-02-01/news/28480187_1_tata-steel-tata-corus-benjamin-steinbruch|title=Tata Steel gives India a pound of UK|work=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref>
* January 2007 – [[Corus Group]], $12&nbsp;billion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-02-01/news/28480187_1_tata-steel-tata-corus-benjamin-steinbruch|title=Tata Steel gives India a pound of UK|work=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051126/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-02-01/news/28480187_1_tata-steel-tata-corus-benjamin-steinbruch|url-status=live}}</ref>
* March 2007 – PT Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) ([[Bumi Resources]]), $1.1&nbsp;billion
* March 2007 – PT Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) ([[Bumi Resources]]), $1.1&nbsp;billion
* April 2007 – Campton Place Hotel, [[San Francisco]], $60&nbsp;million
* April 2007 – Campton Place Hotel, [[San Francisco]], $60&nbsp;million
* January 2008 – Imacid Chemical Company, Morocco<ref name="Tata Pulls Ford Units into Its Orbit">{{cite news |first=Heather|last=Timmons|title=Tata Pulls Ford Units into Its Orbit|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/04/business/worldbusiness/04tata.html?sq=tata&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=7&adxnnlx=1238497443-4R16x3p9Aj5a8CErvf45bw|work=The New York Times|date=4 January 2008|access-date=21 June 2009}}</ref>
* January 2008 – Imacid Chemical Company, Morocco<ref name="Tata Pulls Ford Units into Its Orbit">{{cite news|first=Heather|last=Timmons|title=Tata Pulls Ford Units into Its Orbit|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/04/business/worldbusiness/04tata.html?sq=tata&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=7&adxnnlx=1238497443-4R16x3p9Aj5a8CErvf45bw|work=The New York Times|date=4 January 2008|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-date=30 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430193139/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/04/business/worldbusiness/04tata.html?sq=tata&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=7&adxnnlx=1238497443-4R16x3p9Aj5a8CErvf45bw|url-status=live}}</ref>
* February 2008 – General Chemical Industrial Products, $1&nbsp;billion
* February 2008 – General Chemical Industrial Products, $1&nbsp;billion
* March 2008 – [[Jaguar Cars]] and [[Land Rover]], $2.3&nbsp;billion
* March 2008 – [[Jaguar Cars]] and [[Land Rover]], $2.3&nbsp;billion
Line 303: Line 376:
* December 2014 – Energy Products Limited, India
* December 2014 – Energy Products Limited, India
* June 2016 – Welspun Renewables Energy, India
* June 2016 – Welspun Renewables Energy, India
* May 2018 – Bhushan Steel Limited, India
* May 2018 – [[Tata Steel BSL|Bhushan Steel Limited]], India
* February 2021 - BigBasket (68%) by Tata Digital
* June 2021 - [[Tata 1mg|1mg]] (55%) by Tata Digital
* October 2021 – [[Air India]], [[Air India Express]] and 50% stake in Air India SATS for {{INRConvert|18000|c}}.
* January 2022 - Nilachala Ispat Nigam Ltd, $1.5&nbsp;billion


===Former companies===
=== Former companies ===
* [[Tata Interactive Systems]]
* [[Tata Interactive Systems]]
* Tata Petrodyne
* [[Tata Oil Mills Company]] and its subsidiary [[Lakmé Cosmetics]]
* [[Tata Oil Mills Company]] and its subsidiary [[Lakmé Cosmetics|Lakme]]


==Philanthropy==
==Philanthropy==


Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous research, educational and cultural institutes in India,<ref name="The rainbow effect">{{cite news|url=http://www.tata.com/0_our_commitment/community_initiatives/overview.htm | title=The rainbow effect |date=4 May 2008}}</ref><ref name="synergos.org">{{cite news|url=http://www.synergos.org/globalgivingmatters/features/0503tatagroup.htm | title=India's Tata Group: Empowering marginalized communities |date=4 May 2008}}</ref> and received the [[Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy]].<ref name="carnegiemedals.org">{{cite news |url=http://www.carnegiemedals.org/news/2007medals.html |title=U.S. and Indian philanthropists recognized for conviction, courage and sustained efforts |date=4 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926022720/http://www.carnegiemedals.org/news/2007medals.html |archive-date=26 September 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Some of the institutes established by the Tata Group are:
Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous research, educational and cultural institutes in India,<ref name="The rainbow effect">{{cite news |url=http://www.tata.com/0_our_commitment/community_initiatives/overview.htm |title=The rainbow effect |date=4 May 2008 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=8 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508084156/http://www.tata.com/0_our_commitment/community_initiatives/overview.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="synergos.org">{{cite news |url=http://www.synergos.org/globalgivingmatters/features/0503tatagroup.htm |title=India's Tata Group: Empowering marginalized communities |date=4 May 2008 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=14 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514110353/http://www.synergos.org/globalgivingmatters/features/0503tatagroup.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and received the [[Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy]].<ref name="carnegiemedals.org">{{cite news |url=http://www.carnegiemedals.org/news/2007medals.html |title=U.S. and Indian philanthropists recognized for conviction, courage and sustained efforts |date=4 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926022720/http://www.carnegiemedals.org/news/2007medals.html |archive-date=26 September 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Some of the institutes established by the Tata Group are:
* [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
* [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
* [[The Energy and Resources Institute]] (formerly known as Tata Energy and Research Institute), a non-governmental research institute
* [[The Energy and Resources Institute]] (formerly known as Tata Energy and Research Institute), a non-governmental research institute
* The JRD Tata Ecotechnology Centre
* The JRD Tata Ecotechnology Centre
* [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for Performing Arts]]
* [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for Performing Arts]]
* Tata Center for Technology & Design at Massachusetts Institute of Technology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tatacenter.mit.edu/|title=MIT Tata Center: MIT Tata Center|website=tatacenter.mit.edu}}</ref>
* Tata Center for Technology & Design at Massachusetts Institute of Technology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tatacenter.mit.edu/|title=MIT Tata Center: MIT Tata Center|website=tatacenter.mit.edu|access-date=6 September 2015|archive-date=6 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906000243/http://tatacenter.mit.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Tata Centre for Technology & Design at IIT Bombay<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tatacentre.iitb.ac.in/tatacentre/|title=Tata Centre for Technology & Design at IIT Bombay}}</ref>
* Tata Centre for Technology & Design at IIT Bombay<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tatacentre.iitb.ac.in/tatacentre/|title=Tata Centre for Technology & Design at IIT Bombay|access-date=6 September 2015|archive-date=13 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613193456/http://www.tatacentre.iitb.ac.in/tatacentre/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Tata Cricket Academy
* Tata Cricket Academy
* [[Tata IPL]]
* [[Tata Football Academy]]
* [[Tata Football Academy]]
* [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]]
* [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]]
Line 328: Line 405:
* Tata Trusts, a group of philanthropic organizations run by the head of the business conglomerate Tata Sons
* Tata Trusts, a group of philanthropic organizations run by the head of the business conglomerate Tata Sons


In 2008, Tata Group donated US$50 million to [[Cornell University]] for "agricultural and nutrition programs in India and for the education of Indian students at Cornell."<ref>{{cite news |title=$50 million endowment from Tata trust bolsters Cornell ties to India, and to eminent alumnus|url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2008/10/tata-trust-gives-50-million-endowment-cornell|work=Cornell|location=USA|date=17 October 2008|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref>
In 2008, Tata Group donated US$50 million to [[Cornell University]] for "agricultural and nutrition programs in India and for the education of Indian students at Cornell."<ref>{{cite news|title=$50 million endowment from Tata trust bolsters Cornell ties to India, and to eminent alumnus|url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2008/10/tata-trust-gives-50-million-endowment-cornell|work=Cornell|location=USA|date=17 October 2008|access-date=11 June 2018|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613062603/http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2008/10/tata-trust-gives-50-million-endowment-cornell|url-status=live}}</ref>


In 2010, Tata Group donated {{INR}} 2.20&nbsp;billion (US$50&nbsp;million) to the [[Harvard Business School]] to build an academic and a residential building for executive education programmes on the institute's campus in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=D. K.|date=2018-04-09|title=Tata Trusts accused of favouring Harvard over 'under-privileged' Indian universities|url=https://theprint.in/economy/tata-trusts-accused-of-favouring-harvard-over-indian-universities/47919/|access-date=2020-07-31|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> The building, now known as Tata Hall,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_tatas-gift-rs220-crore-to-harvard-business-school_1453288 |title=Tatas gift Rs220 crore to Harvard Business School – Mumbai – DNA |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=16 October 2010 |access-date=2 February 2011}}</ref> is the largest endowment received by Harvard Business School from an international donor.<ref name=":0" />
In 2010, Tata Group donated INR 2.20&nbsp;billion (US$50&nbsp;million) to [[Harvard Business School]] to build an academic and a residential building for executive education programmes on the institute's campus in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=D. K.|date=2018-04-09|title=Tata Trusts accused of favouring Harvard over 'under-privileged' Indian universities|url=https://theprint.in/economy/tata-trusts-accused-of-favouring-harvard-over-indian-universities/47919/|access-date=2020-07-31|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230173813/https://theprint.in/economy/tata-trusts-accused-of-favouring-harvard-over-indian-universities/47919/|url-status=live}}</ref> The building, now known as Tata Hall,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_tatas-gift-rs220-crore-to-harvard-business-school_1453288 |title=Tatas gift Rs220 crore to Harvard Business School – Mumbai – DNA |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=16 October 2010 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511192040/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_tatas-gift-rs220-crore-to-harvard-business-school_1453288 |url-status=live }}</ref> is the largest endowment received by Harvard Business School from an international donor.<ref name=":0" />


In 2017, Tata Trusts gifted US$70 million to [[University of California, San Diego]] and also partnered with them in setting up [https://tigs.ucsd.edu/ Tata Institute for Genetics and Society(TIGS)] to address some of the world's most pressing issues, ranging from public health to agriculture. In recognition of the donation, the building which houses TIGS has been named Tata Hall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tata Hall|url=https://blink.ucsd.edu/sponsor/advancement/advancement-services/stewardship/named-buildings/Tata%20Hall.html|access-date=2020-10-01|website=blink.ucsd.edu}}</ref> It is also the largest international donation made to University of California, San Diego.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-11|title=UC San Diego names new science center after Indian philanthropists|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/science/sd-me-tata-building-20170911-story.html|access-date=2020-10-01|website=San Diego Union-Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tata Institute for Genetics and Society Advances with Building Naming, Inaugural Chair Holders|url=https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/tata_institute_for_genetics_and_society_advances_with_building_naming_inaug|access-date=2020-10-01|website=ucsdnews.ucsd.edu}}</ref>
In 2017, Tata Trusts gifted US$70 million to [[University of California, San Diego]] and also partnered with it in setting up [https://tigs.ucsd.edu/ Tata Institute for Genetics and Society(TIGS)] to address some of the world's most pressing issues, ranging from public health to agriculture. In recognition of the donation, the building which houses TIGS has been named Tata Hall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tata Hall|url=https://blink.ucsd.edu/sponsor/advancement/advancement-services/stewardship/named-buildings/Tata%20Hall.html|access-date=2020-10-01|website=blink.ucsd.edu|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926143652/https://blink.ucsd.edu/sponsor/advancement/advancement-services/stewardship/named-buildings/Tata%20Hall.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also the largest international donation made to University of California, San Diego.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-11|title=UC San Diego names new science center after Indian philanthropists|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/science/sd-me-tata-building-20170911-story.html|access-date=2020-10-01|website=San Diego Union-Tribune|language=en-US|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613115324/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/science/sd-me-tata-building-20170911-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tata Institute for Genetics and Society Advances with Building Naming, Inaugural Chair Holders|url=https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/tata_institute_for_genetics_and_society_advances_with_building_naming_inaug|access-date=2020-10-01|website=ucsdnews.ucsd.edu|archive-date=15 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915014805/https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/tata_institute_for_genetics_and_society_advances_with_building_naming_inaug|url-status=live}}</ref>


In 2017, [[Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)]] donated an unprecedented $35 million grant to [[Carnegie Mellon University]], the largest ever industry donation to the university, to collaborate on promoting next-generation technologies that will drive the [[Fourth Industrial Revolution]], including cognitive systems and autonomous vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2017/april/tcs-hall-groundbreaking.html|title=Carnegie Mellon and Tata Consultancy Services Break Ground on Global Research Facility in the U.S.|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University}}</ref>
In 2017, [[Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)]] donated an unprecedented US$35 million grant to [[Carnegie Mellon University]], the largest ever industry donation to the university, to collaborate on promoting next-generation technologies that will drive the [[Fourth Industrial Revolution]], including cognitive systems and autonomous vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2017/april/tcs-hall-groundbreaking.html|title=Carnegie Mellon and Tata Consultancy Services Break Ground on Global Research Facility in the U.S.|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130030253/https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2017/april/tcs-hall-groundbreaking.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


[[File:RatanTata.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ratan Tata]], the former chairman of Tata Group<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/big-rejig-ratan-tata-to-replace-cyrus-mistry-as-tata-sons-chairman/articleshow/55031245.cms|title=Cyrus Mistry Replaced by Ratan Tata as Tata Sons chairman – The Economic Times|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2016-10-27}}</ref>|alt=Ratan-Tata]]
[[File:RatanTata.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ratan Tata]], the former chairman of Tata Group<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/big-rejig-ratan-tata-to-replace-cyrus-mistry-as-tata-sons-chairman/articleshow/55031245.cms|title=Cyrus Mistry Replaced by Ratan Tata as Tata Sons chairman – The Economic Times|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2016-10-27|archive-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026020828/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/big-rejig-ratan-tata-to-replace-cyrus-mistry-as-tata-sons-chairman/articleshow/55031245.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>|alt=Ratan-Tata]]


In 2017, the Tata Football Academy won the bid to form the [[Jamshedpur FC]], a football club based on [[Jamshedpur]] of [[Jharkhand]] in the 4th edition of the [[Indian Super League]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-13|title=Why Indian Super League got the Tata Group to review its football investment|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/why-indian-super-league-got-the-tata-group-to-review-its-football-investment/story-HDd9RfPZ1rsbrneNUp7ZjI.html|access-date=2020-07-31|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
In 2017, the Tata Football Academy won the bid to form the [[Jamshedpur FC]], a football club based on [[Jamshedpur]] of [[Jharkhand]] in the 4th edition of the [[Indian Super League]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-13|title=Why Indian Super League got the Tata Group to review its football investment|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/why-indian-super-league-got-the-tata-group-to-review-its-football-investment/story-HDd9RfPZ1rsbrneNUp7ZjI.html|access-date=2020-07-31|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927163427/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/why-indian-super-league-got-the-tata-group-to-review-its-football-investment/story-HDd9RfPZ1rsbrneNUp7ZjI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


In 2020, Tata Group has donated 1500 [[crore]]s to [[PM CARES Fund|PM Cares Fund]] to fight against [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pathak|first=Kalpana|date=2020-03-28 |title=Tata Group commits ₹1,500 crore to fight Covid-19|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/tata-group-commits-1500-crore-to-fight-covid-19-11585403361686.html |access-date=2020-07-02|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref>
In 2020, Tata Group has donated INR 15&nbsp;billion to [[PM CARES Fund|PM Cares Fund]] to fight against [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pathak|first=Kalpana|date=2020-03-28|title=Tata Group commits ₹1,500 crore to fight Covid-19|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/tata-group-commits-1500-crore-to-fight-covid-19-11585403361686.html|access-date=2020-07-02|website=Livemint|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702213409/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/tata-group-commits-1500-crore-to-fight-covid-19-11585403361686.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Tata Trusts ===
=== Tata Trusts ===
Most of the philanthropic activities of the group are carried out by various trusts incorporated by the members of the [[Tata family]].
Most of the philanthropic activities of the group are carried out by various trusts incorporated by the members of the [[Tata family]].


# '''[[Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts|Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Trustees {{!}} Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts|url=https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/sdtt-board-of-trustees|access-date=2021-03-04|website=Tata Trusts|language=en}}</ref>
# '''[[Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts|Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Trustees {{!}} Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts|url=https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/sdtt-board-of-trustees|access-date=2021-03-04|website=Tata Trusts|language=en|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126022224/https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/sdtt-board-of-trustees|url-status=live}}</ref>
#* Sir Dorabji Tata Trust
#* Sir Dorabji Tata Trust
#* Lady Tata Memorial Trust
#* [[Lady Tata Memorial Trust]]
#* JRD Tata Trust
#* JRD Tata Trust
#* Jamsetji Tata Trust
#* Jamsetji Tata Trust
Line 355: Line 432:
#* RD Tata Trust
#* RD Tata Trust
#* The JRD and Thelma J Tata Trust
#* The JRD and Thelma J Tata Trust
# '''[[Sir Ratan Tata Trust|Sir Ratan Tata Trust & Allied Trusts]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Trustees {{!}} Sir Ratan Tata Trust and Allied Trusts|url=https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/srtt-board-of-trustees|access-date=2021-03-04|website=Tata Trusts|language=en}}</ref>
# '''[[Sir Ratan Tata Trust|Sir Ratan Tata Trust & Allied Trusts]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Trustees {{!}} Sir Ratan Tata Trust and Allied Trusts|url=https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/srtt-board-of-trustees|access-date=2021-03-04|website=Tata Trusts|language=en|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126023600/https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/srtt-board-of-trustees|url-status=live}}</ref>
#* Sir Ratan Tata Trust
#* Sir Ratan Tata Trust
#* Tata Education and Development Trust
#* Tata Education and Development Trust
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#* Sarvajanik Seva Trust
#* Sarvajanik Seva Trust


==Controversies and criticisms==
==Criticism and controversies==  
{{Undue weight section|date=June 2022}}
{{Criticism section|date=June 2022}}
The Tata Group has also attracted some controversy during its more than 150 years in operation, notably:
The Tata Group has also attracted some controversy during its more than 150 years in operation, notably:


===Munnar, Kerala===
===Munnar, Kerala===
The Kerala Government filed an affidavit in the high court alleging that [[Tata Tea]] had "grabbed" forest land of {{convert|3000|acre|km2}} at [[Munnar]]. The Tatas provided that they possessed {{convert|58741.82|acre|km2}} of land, which they are allowed to retain under the [[Kannan Devan Hills|Kannan Devan Hill]] (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971, and there was a shortage of {{convert|278.23|ha|km2}} in that. The Chief Minister of Kerala [[V.S. Achuthanandan]], who vowed to evict all on government land in Munnar, formed a special squad for the Munnar land takeover mission and started acquiring back properties. However, the mission was aborted due to both influential land-holders and opposition from Achuthanandan's own party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tata Group refutes charge of encroachment in Munnar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/tata-group-refutes-charge-of-encroachment-in-munnar/story-MtBwdg9n5vQQAIAy8uQI5N.html |access-date=25 October 2018 |agency=Hindu Times |publisher=HT Media Limited |date=July 15, 2017}}</ref>
The [[Kerala]] Government filed an affidavit in the high court alleging that [[Tata Tea]] had "grabbed" forest land of {{convert|3000|acre|km2}} at [[Munnar]]. The Tatas provided that they possessed {{convert|58741.82|acre|km2}} of land, which they are allowed to retain under the [[Kannan Devan Hills|Kannan Devan Hill]] (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971, and there was a shortage of {{convert|278.23|ha|km2}} in that. The Chief Minister of Kerala [[V.S. Achuthanandan]], who vowed to evict all on government land in Munnar, formed a special squad for the Munnar land takeover mission and started acquiring back properties. However, the mission was aborted due to both influential land-holders and opposition from Achuthanandan's own party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tata Group refutes charge of encroachment in Munnar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/tata-group-refutes-charge-of-encroachment-in-munnar/story-MtBwdg9n5vQQAIAy8uQI5N.html |access-date=25 October 2018 |agency=Hindu Times |publisher=HT Media Limited |date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064511/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/tata-group-refutes-charge-of-encroachment-in-munnar/story-MtBwdg9n5vQQAIAy8uQI5N.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


===Kalinganagar, Orissa===
===Kalinganagar, Orissa===
On 2 January 2006, [[Kalinganagar]], Tribal Orissa villagers protested the construction of a new steel plant for Tata Steel on land historically owned by them. Some of the villagers had been evicted without adequate relocation. Police retribution was brutal: 37 protesters were injured and 13 killed, including 3 women and a 13-year-old boy. One policeman was hacked to death by a mob, after police had opened fire on protestors with tear gas and rubber bullets. Family members of the deceased villagers later claimed that the bodies had been mutilated during post-mortem examination.<ref>{{cite web|author=Nityanand Jayaraman |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |title=CorpWatch : Stolen for Steel: Tata Takes Tribal Lands in India |publisher=Corpwatch.org |date=24 May 2006 |access-date=16 July 2010}}</ref>
On 2 January 2006, [[Kalinganagar]], Tribal Orissa villagers protested the construction of a new steel plant for Tata Steel on land historically owned by them. Some of the villagers had been evicted without adequate relocation. Police retribution was brutal: 37 protesters were injured and 13 killed, including 3 women and a 13-year-old boy. One policeman was hacked to death by a mob, after police had opened fire on protestors with tear gas and rubber bullets. Family members of the deceased villagers later claimed that the bodies had been mutilated during post-mortem examination.<ref>{{cite web |author=Nityanand Jayaraman |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |title=CorpWatch : Stolen for Steel: Tata Takes Tribal Lands in India |publisher=Corpwatch.org |date=24 May 2006 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=1 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601155706/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |url-status=live }}</ref>


===Supplies to Burma's military regime===
===Supplies to Burma's military regime===
In December 2006, Myanmar's chief of general staff, General Thura Shwe Mann, visited the Tata Motors plant in Pune.<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/myanmar-ties/cid/747570?ref=search-page "Myanmar Ties." 8 December 2006. ''The Telegraph'', Calcutta, India].</ref> In 2009, TATA Motors announced that it would manufacture trucks in Myanmar. Tata Motors reported that these contracts to supply hardware and automobiles to Burma's military were subsequently criticised by human rights activists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Op210209india_ethical.asp |title=India's Independent Weekly News Magazine |publisher=Tehelka |access-date=16 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeenews.com/nation/2009-02-04/504665news.html |title=Ansari visits Myanmar tomorrow, 3 MoUs to be signed |publisher=Zeenews.com |date=4 February 2009 |access-date=16 July 2010}}</ref>
In December 2006, Myanmar's chief of general staff, General Thura Shwe Mann, visited the Tata Motors plant in Pune.<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/myanmar-ties/cid/747570?ref=search-page "Myanmar Ties." 8 December 2006. ''The Telegraph'', Calcutta, India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024232026/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/myanmar-ties/cid/747570?ref=search-page |date=24 October 2018 }}.</ref> In 2009, Tata Motors announced that it would manufacture trucks in Myanmar. Tata Motors reported that these contracts to supply hardware and automobiles to Burma's military were subsequently criticised by human rights activists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Op210209india_ethical.asp |title=India's Independent Weekly News Magazine |publisher=Tehelka |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=6 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106135311/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Op210209india_ethical.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zeenews.com/nation/2009-02-04/504665news.html |title=Ansari visits Myanmar tomorrow, 3 MoUs to be signed |publisher=Zeenews.com |date=4 February 2009 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706105652/https://zeenews.india.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


=== Singur land acquisition ===
=== Singur land acquisition ===
The [[Tata Nano Singur controversy|Singur controversy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/dec/09tata.htm|title=Singur farmers: Why they oppose Tata plant|access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref> in [[West Bengal]] was a series of protests by locals and political parties over the forced acquisition, eviction, and inadequate compensation to those farmers displaced for the Tata Nano plant, during which Mamata Banerjee's party was widely criticised as acting for political gain. Despite the support of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] [[West Bengal#Government and politics|state government]], Tata eventually pulled the project out of West Bengal, citing safety concerns. [[Narendra Modi]], then [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]], made land available for the Nano project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2522/stories/20081107252203700.htm |title=Singur's loss |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=7 November 2008 |access-date=2 February 2011}}</ref>
The [[Tata Nano Singur controversy|Singur controversy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/dec/09tata.htm|title=Singur farmers: Why they oppose Tata plant|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924134754/http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/dec/09tata.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[West Bengal]] was a series of protests by locals and political parties over the forced acquisition, eviction, and inadequate compensation to those farmers displaced for the Tata Nano plant, during which Mamata Banerjee's party was widely criticised as acting for political gain. Despite the support of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] [[West Bengal#Government and politics|state government]], Tata eventually pulled the project out of West Bengal, citing safety concerns. [[Narendra Modi]], then [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]], made land available for the Nano project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2522/stories/20081107252203700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301140847/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2522/stories/20081107252203700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 March 2021 |title=Singur's loss |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=7 November 2008 |access-date=2 February 2011}}</ref>


On Aug 31, 2016, in a historic judgement, the Honorable Supreme Court of India set aside the land acquisition by the West Bengal Government in 2006 that had facilitated Tata Motors' Nano plant, stating that the West Bengal government had not taken possession of the land legally, and were now required to repossess and return it to local farmers within 12 weeks without compensation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/singur-verdict-announced-sc-says-return-land-to-farmers-heres-a-timeline-of-the-case-2984206.html|title=Singur verdict announced, SC says return land to farmers: Here's a timeline of the case – Firstpost|date=2016-08-31|newspaper=Firstpost|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-25}}</ref>
On August 31, 2016, in a historic judgement, the Honorable Supreme Court of India set aside the land acquisition by the West Bengal Government in 2006 that had facilitated Tata Motors' Nano plant, stating that the West Bengal government had not taken possession of the land legally, and were now required to repossess and return it to local farmers within 12 weeks without compensation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/singur-verdict-announced-sc-says-return-land-to-farmers-heres-a-timeline-of-the-case-2984206.html|title=Singur verdict announced, SC says return land to farmers: Here's a timeline of the case – Firstpost|date=2016-08-31|newspaper=Firstpost|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-25|archive-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102070942/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/singur-verdict-announced-sc-says-return-land-to-farmers-heres-a-timeline-of-the-case-2984206.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Dhamra Port, Odisha===
===Dhamra Port, Firoz Krishna===
The [[Port of Dhamara]] has received significant coverage, sparking controversy in India, and in Tata's emerging global markets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5515 |title=India – Tata in troubled waters – Ethical Corporation |publisher=Ethicalcorp.com |date=November 2007|access-date=16 July 2010}}</ref> The Dhamra port, an equal joint venture between Tata Steel and [[Larsen & Toubro]], has been criticised for its proximity to the Gahirmatha Sanctuary and [[Bhitarkanika National Park]] by Indian and international organisations, including [[Greenpeace]]; [[Gahirmatha Beach]] is one of the world's largest mass nesting sites for the [[olive ridley turtle]], and India's second largest mangrove forest, [[Bhitarkanika]], is a designated [[Ramsar site]], and critics claimed that the port could disrupt mass nesting at Gahirmtha beaches as well as the ecology of the Bitharkanika mangrove forest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://greenpeace.in/turtle/category/docs |title=Documents And Reports &#124; Save the turtles |publisher=Greenpeace.in |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=16 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/enviornment/sea-dredging-affecting-olive-ridley-turtles-says-green-body_10034689.html |title=Sea dredging affecting Olive Ridley turtles, says green body |publisher=Thaindian.com |date=5 April 2008 |access-date=16 July 2010}}</ref>
The [[Port of Dhamara]] has received significant coverage, sparking controversy in India, and in Tata's emerging global markets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5515 |title=India – Tata in troubled waters – Ethical Corporation |publisher=Ethicalcorp.com |date=November 2007 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=15 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415213556/http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5515 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Dhamra port, an equal joint venture between Tata Steel and [[Larsen & Toubro]], has been criticised for its proximity to the Gahirmatha Sanctuary and [[Bhitarkanika National Park]] by Indian and international organisations, including [[Greenpeace]]; [[Gahirmatha Beach]] is one of the world's largest mass nesting sites for the [[olive ridley turtle]], and India's second largest mangrove forest, [[Bhitarkanika]], is a designated [[Ramsar site]], and critics claimed that the port could disrupt mass nesting at Gahirmtha beaches as well as the ecology of the Bitharkanika mangrove forest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://greenpeace.in/turtle/category/docs |title=Documents And Reports &#124; Save the turtles |publisher=Greenpeace.in |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=6 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706184809/http://greenpeace.in/turtle/category/docs |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/enviornment/sea-dredging-affecting-olive-ridley-turtles-says-green-body_10034689.html |title=Sea dredging affecting Olive Ridley turtles, says green body |publisher=Thaindian.com |date=5 April 2008 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=4 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004093953/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/enviornment/sea-dredging-affecting-olive-ridley-turtles-says-green-body_10034689.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
TATA Steel employed mitigation measures set by the project's official advisor, the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN), and the company pledging to "adopt all its recommendations without exception" when conservation organisations asserted that a thorough environmental impact analysis had not been done for the project, which had undergone changes in size and specifications since it was first proposed.<ref>[https://www.tatasteel.com/media/3080/ccr-2010-11.pdf Tata Steel] "Corporate Citizenship Report 2010/2011", TataSteel.com, 2011, page 20. Retrieved October 24, 2018.</ref>
Tata Steel employed mitigation measures set by the project's official advisor, the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN), and the company pledging to "adopt all its recommendations without exception" when conservation organisations asserted that a thorough environmental impact analysis had not been done for the project, which had undergone changes in size and specifications since it was first proposed.<ref>[https://www.tatasteel.com/media/3080/ccr-2010-11.pdf Tata Steel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908091804/http://www.tatasteel.com/media/3080/ccr-2010-11.pdf |date=8 September 2017 }} "Corporate Citizenship Report 2010/2011", TataSteel.com, 2011, page 20. Retrieved October 24, 2018.</ref>


===Proposed soda extraction plant in Tanzania===
===Proposed soda extraction plant in Tanzania===
In 2007, Tata Group joined forces with a Tanzanian company to build a [[soda ash]] extraction plant in Tanzania.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |title=Dar annoys neighbours over $400m soda ash project|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/-/2558/256646/-/t682syz/-/index.html|work=[[The East African]]|publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]|date=5 November 2007 |access-date=21 June 2009}}</ref> Environmental activists oppose the plant because it would be near [[Lake Natron]], and it has a very high chance of affecting the lake's ecosystem and its neighbouring dwellers,<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news |first=Patty|last=Magubira |title=Tanzania: UK Activists Pile Pressure Against Soda Ash Project|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200805160426.html|work=The Citizen|location=Dar es Salaam|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|date=16 May 2008 |access-date=21 June 2009}}</ref> jeopardising endangered [[lesser flamingo]] birds. Lake Natron is where two-thirds of lesser flamingos reproduce.<ref>{{cite news |first=Maulik|last=Pathak |title=Tata Chemicals' African safari hits green hurdle|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Chem__Fertilisers/Tata_Chemicals_African_safari_hits_green_hurdle/articleshow/2504026.cms|work=The Economic Times |location=India|date=31 October 2007 |access-date=21 June 2009}}</ref> Producing soda ash involves drawing out salt water from the lake, and then disposing the water back to the lake. This process could interrupt the chemical makeup of the lake.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> 22 African nations signed a petition to stop its construction.<ref name="autogenerated1" />
In 2007, Tata Group joined forces with a Tanzanian company to build a [[soda ash]] extraction plant in Tanzania.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|title=Dar annoys neighbours over $400m soda ash project|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/-/2558/256646/-/t682syz/-/index.html|work=[[The East African]]|publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]|date=5 November 2007|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630001816/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/-/2558/256646/-/t682syz/-/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Environmental activists oppose the plant because it would be near [[Lake Natron]], and it has a very high chance of affecting the lake's ecosystem and its neighbouring dwellers,<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news|first=Patty|last=Magubira|title=Tanzania: UK Activists Pile Pressure Against Soda Ash Project|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200805160426.html|work=The Citizen|location=Dar es Salaam|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|date=16 May 2008|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-date=8 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808121015/http://www.allafrica.com/stories/200805160426.html|url-status=live}}</ref> jeopardising endangered [[lesser flamingo]] birds. Lake Natron is where two-thirds of lesser flamingos reproduce.<ref>{{cite news|first=Maulik|last=Pathak|title=Tata Chemicals' African safari hits green hurdle|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Chem__Fertilisers/Tata_Chemicals_African_safari_hits_green_hurdle/articleshow/2504026.cms|work=The Economic Times|location=India|date=31 October 2007|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-date=12 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112215502/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Chem__Fertilisers/Tata_Chemicals_African_safari_hits_green_hurdle/articleshow/2504026.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Producing soda ash involves drawing out salt water from the lake, and then disposing the water back to the lake. This process could interrupt the chemical makeup of the lake.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> 22 African nations signed a petition to stop its construction.<ref name="autogenerated1" />


===Epic Systems trade-secret case judgement===
===Epic Systems trade-secret case judgement===
In April 2016, a U.S. Federal Grand Jury awarded [[Epic Systems]] a $940 million judgement against Tata Consultancy Services and Tata America International Corp. Filed 31 October 2014; the suit charged that "6,477 unauthorized downloads could be used to enhance Tata's competing product, Med Mantra."<ref name="Grand Jury Award">{{cite news|title=US jury slaps $940 million fine on Tata group in trade secret case|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/US-jury-slaps-940-million-fine-on-Tata-group-in-trade-secret-case/articleshow/51853815.cms|access-date=16 April 2016|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416195148/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/US-jury-slaps-940-million-fine-on-Tata-group-in-trade-secret-case/articleshow/51853815.cms|archive-date=16 April 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Epic case to trial">{{cite news|author1=Judy Newman|title=Jury trial begins in Epic Systems Corp. lawsuit against India's Tata Consultancy|access-date=16 April 2016|newspaper=[[Wisconsin State Journal]]|date=5 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416195514/http://host.madison.com/wsj/business/jury-trial-begins-in-epic-systems-corp-lawsuit-against-india/article_a9cc0620-62da-5b89-85d4-2654e87a8459.html|archive-date=16 April 2016|url=http://host.madison.com/wsj/business/jury-trial-begins-in-epic-systems-corp-lawsuit-against-india/article_a9cc0620-62da-5b89-85d4-2654e87a8459.html}}</ref><ref name="EHR Intelligence">{{cite news|author1=Kyle Murphy, PhD|title=Epic Systems Taking TCS to Court over Theft of Trade Secrets|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/epic-systems-taking-tcs-to-court-over-theft-of-trade-secrets|access-date=16 April 2016|publisher=EHR Intelligence|date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416230911/https://ehrintelligence.com/news/epic-systems-taking-tcs-to-court-over-theft-of-trade-secrets|archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> In 2017, U.S. District Court Judge William Conley reduced the Award to $420 million; the company states that the judgement is also being appealed, as "not supported by evidence presented during the trial and a strong appeal can be made to superior court to fully set aside the jury verdict.”<ref>[https://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/award-to-epic-in-trade-secrets-case-reduced-from-million/article_1b1cdef4-16b6-5087-bb22-f0730898a98c.html Wahlberg, David] "Award to Epic in trade secrets case reduced from $940 million to $420 million", ''Wisconsin State Journal'', October 4, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2018.</ref>
In April 2016, a U.S. Federal Grand Jury awarded [[Epic Systems]] a US$940 million judgement against Tata Consultancy Services and Tata America International Corp. Filed 31 October 2014; the suit charged that "6,477 unauthorized downloads could be used to enhance Tata's competing product, Med Mantra."<ref name="Grand Jury Award">{{cite news|title=US jury slaps $940 million fine on Tata group in trade secret case|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/US-jury-slaps-940-million-fine-on-Tata-group-in-trade-secret-case/articleshow/51853815.cms|access-date=16 April 2016|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416195148/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/US-jury-slaps-940-million-fine-on-Tata-group-in-trade-secret-case/articleshow/51853815.cms|archive-date=16 April 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Epic case to trial">{{cite news|author1=Judy Newman|title=Jury trial begins in Epic Systems Corp. lawsuit against India's Tata Consultancy|access-date=16 April 2016|newspaper=[[Wisconsin State Journal]]|date=5 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416195514/http://host.madison.com/wsj/business/jury-trial-begins-in-epic-systems-corp-lawsuit-against-india/article_a9cc0620-62da-5b89-85d4-2654e87a8459.html|archive-date=16 April 2016|url=http://host.madison.com/wsj/business/jury-trial-begins-in-epic-systems-corp-lawsuit-against-india/article_a9cc0620-62da-5b89-85d4-2654e87a8459.html}}</ref><ref name="EHR Intelligence">{{cite news|author1=Kyle Murphy, PhD|title=Epic Systems Taking TCS to Court over Theft of Trade Secrets|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/epic-systems-taking-tcs-to-court-over-theft-of-trade-secrets|access-date=16 April 2016|publisher=EHR Intelligence|date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416230911/https://ehrintelligence.com/news/epic-systems-taking-tcs-to-court-over-theft-of-trade-secrets|archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> In 2017, U.S. District Court Judge William Conley reduced the Award to $420 million; the company states that the judgement is also being appealed, as "not supported by evidence presented during the trial and a strong appeal can be made to superior court to fully set aside the jury verdict.”<ref>[https://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/award-to-epic-in-trade-secrets-case-reduced-from-million/article_1b1cdef4-16b6-5087-bb22-f0730898a98c.html Wahlberg, David] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712220121/https://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/award-to-epic-in-trade-secrets-case-reduced-from-million/article_1b1cdef4-16b6-5087-bb22-f0730898a98c.html |date=12 July 2018 }} "Award to Epic in trade secrets case reduced from $940 million to $420 million", ''Wisconsin State Journal'', October 4, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2018.</ref>


===2018 NCLT verdict===
===2018 NCLT verdict===
In July 2018, the [[National Company Law Tribunal]] (NCLT), which "adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies,"<ref>{{cite web|title=National Company Law Tribunal constituted – new perspectives for dispute resolution|url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b6ddd99b-bba5-46fc-9b12-57206932b31d|publisher=Khaitan & Co|access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> issued a verdict in the company's favor on charges of mismanagement leveled in 2016 by ousted chairman, [[Cyrus Mistry]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ratan Tata welcomes NCLT verdict|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/64920213.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=9 July 2018|access-date=12 June 2018}}</ref>
In July 2018, the [[National Company Law Tribunal]] (NCLT), which "adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies,"<ref>{{cite web|title=National Company Law Tribunal constituted – new perspectives for dispute resolution| date=3 June 2016 |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b6ddd99b-bba5-46fc-9b12-57206932b31d|publisher=Khaitan & Co|access-date=13 June 2016|archive-date=11 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811030214/http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b6ddd99b-bba5-46fc-9b12-57206932b31d|url-status=live}}</ref> issued a verdict in the company's favor on charges of mismanagement leveled in 2016 by ousted chairman, [[Cyrus Mistry]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ratan Tata welcomes NCLT verdict|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/64920213.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=9 July 2018|access-date=12 June 2018|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130030513/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/64920213.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 405: Line 484:


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}  


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.tata.com/}}
* {{Official website|http://www.tata.com/}}
*[https://www.tatatrusts.org/ Official website of Tata Trusts]
* [https://www.bloombergquint.com/topic/tata-group Tata Group] collected news and commentary at [[BloombergQuint]]


{{Tata Group|state=collapsed}}  
{{Tata Group|state=collapsed}}  
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[[Category:Tata Group| ]]
[[Category:Tata Group| ]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1868]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1868]]
[[Category:1868 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1868]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Revision as of 16:08, 17 March 2023


"Tata & Sons" redirects here. For the parent company, see Tata Sons.

Tata Group
IndustryConglomerate
Founded1868; 157 years ago (1868)
Founder(s)Jamsetji Tata
HeadquartersBombay House, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
RevenueIncrease US$128 billion[3] (FY 2022)
Number of employees
935,000[3] (FY 2022)
SubsidiariesSee list
Websitetata.com

The Tata Group (/ˈtɑːtɑː/) is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai.[4][5] Established in 1868, it is India's largest conglomerate, with products and services in over 150 countries, and operations in 100 countries across six continents.[6] Acknowledged as the founder of the Tata Group, Jamsetji Tata is sometimes referred to as the "father of Indian industry".[7]

Each Tata company operates independently under the guidance and supervision of its own board of directors and shareholders.[8] Philanthropic trusts control over 66% of the Tata holding company Tata Sons,[9] while the Tata family is a very small shareholder.[10]

The group's annual revenue for fiscal year 2021–22 was reported to be US$128 billion.[3] There are 29 publicly-listed Tata Group companies with a combined market capitalisation of $311 billion as of March 2022.[11] The company has operations across Asia, Africa, America, and Middle East. Significant Tata Group affiliates include Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Consumer Products, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Tata Steel, Voltas, Titan Company, Tanishq, Tata Chemicals, Tata Communications, Trent, Tata Elxsi, Indian Hotels Company, Air India, TajAir, Tata Cliq, Tata Advanced Systems, Tata Capital, Cromā, BigBasket and Tata Starbucks.[12]

History

1839–1904

Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore foundation was laid by Jamshedji Tata

Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata was born in 1839. Tata graduated from Elphinstone College in Bombay in 1858. Shortly afterwards, he joined his father’s trading firm that dealt in general merchandise. There, the junior Tata took a special interest in developing trade with China.

The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in Mumbai is owned by Tata Group

When the American Civil War caused a boom in the Bombay cotton market, Tata and his father joined the Asiatic Banking Corporation. When the tide ebbed, Tata's credit was left desolate. Fortunately, the firm’s credit was re-established during the next three years. A share in the lucrative contract for the commissariat of Napier’s expedition to Abyssinia in 1868 restored the family fortune.” In 1870 with Rs.21,000 capital, he founded a trading company.[13] Further, he bought a bankrupt oil mill at Chinchpokli and converted it into a cotton mill, under the name Alexandra Mill which he sold for a profit after two years. In 1874, he set up another cotton mill at Nagpur named Empress Mill. He dreamed of achieving four goals, setting up an iron and steel company, a unique hotel, a world-class learning institution, and a hydroelectric plant. During his lifetime, in 1903, the Taj Mahal Hotel at Colaba waterfront was opened making it the first hotel with electricity in India.

1904–1938

After Jamsedji's death, his older son Dorabji Tata became the chairman in 1904.[13] Sir Dorabji established the Tata Iron and Steel company (TISCO), now known as Tata Steel in 1907. Marking the group's global ambitions, Tata Limited opened its first overseas office in London. Following the founder's goals, Western India's first hydro plant was brought to life, giving birth to Tata Power. Yet another dream, Indian Institute of Science was established with the first batch admitted in 1911.

1938–1991

J. R. D. Tata became chairman of Tata Group from 1938 - 1991

J. R. D. Tata was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1938. Under his chairmanship, the assets of the Tata Group grew from US$101 million to over US$5 billion. Starting with 14 enterprises, upon his departure half a century later in 1988, Tata Sons had grown to a conglomerate of 95 enterprises. These enterprises consisted of ventures that the company had either started or in which they held a controlling interest. New sectors such as chemicals, technology, cosmetics, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, tea, and software services earned them recognition.[14]

In 1932,[15] JRD founded an airline, known as Tata Air Services (later renamed Tata Airlines). In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from Tata Sons, though JRD Tata would continue as chairman till 1977.

In 1945, Tata Motors was founded, first focused on locomotives. In 1954, it entered the commercial vehicle market after forming a joint venture with Daimler-Benz. In 1968, Tata Consultancy Services was founded.

1991–2012

Ratan Tata, the former chairman of the company led the acquisition of several companies by Tata Group

In 1991, Ratan Tata became chairman of Tata Group.[16] This was also the year of economic liberalization in India, opening up the market to foreign competitors.[17] During this time, Tata Group began to acquire several companies. Tata Group bought Tetley In February 2000. After that, it acquired Corus Group in 2007. In the year 2008, it acquired Jaguar and Land Rover. The company's subsidiary Tata Motors launched the Tata Nano which they presented as "the world’s most affordable car" in 2008.[18]

In 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was appointed chairman. He was instrumental in restructuring business verticals and increasing promoter stake ownership in companies. Under his leadership, the group made acquisitions through insolvency law and investments in E-commerce, expanded its airline business by winning a bid for Air India, and completely bought Air Asia India. He has mentioned the future strategy is to focus on healthcare, electronics, and digital.[19]

Tata Owned Air India got approval to acquire AirAsia India, nearly two months after putting forth the proposal. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the acquisition of the entire shareholding in Air Asia India by Tata-owned Air India.[20]

Chairman

The chairman of Tata Sons is usually the chairman of the Tata Group. As of 2020, there have been seven chairmen of Tata Group.

Affiliated companies

Main article: List of entities associated with Tata Group
Tata Consultancy Services largest campus in Chennai, India
Port Talbot Steelworks
Company Major Subsidiary Equity Stake[22]
Aerospace & Defense
Tata Advanced Systems N/A 100%
Information Technology
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
  1. TCS China
  2. TRDDC
  3. Computational Research Laboratories
 72.27
Tata Elxsi N/A 42.22
Nelco Ltd. N/A 100
Steel
Tata Steel
  1. Indian Steel & Wire Products
  2. Tata Metaliks Ltd.
  3. Tata Steel Netherlands
  4. Tata Steel UK
  5. Tata Steel Long Products (74.91%)
  6. Tata Steel Thailand
  7. The Tinplate Company of India Limited
  8. Tayo Rolls
  9. Tata Robins Fraser Ltd.(TRF)
  10. Jamshedpur FC
  11. S&T Mining
 32.46
Electrical & Electronics
Tata Electronics 100%
Tata Power
  1. Tata Power Solar
  2. Nelco Limited (48.64%)
  3. Maithon Power
  4. Tata Power Delhi Dist Ltd
  5. TP Central Odisha Dist Ltd
  6. TP Western Odisha Dist Ltd
  7. TP Northern Odisha Dist Ltd
 45.21%
Engineering
Tata Projects N/A 100%
Tata Consulting Engineers N/A 100%
Real estate
Tata Housing N/A 100%
Tata Realty and Infrastructure N/A 100%
Hemisphere Prop N/A 11.96%
Automotive
Tata Motors
  1. Tata AutoComp Systems Limited
  2. Tata Technologies Limited
  3. Jaguar Land Rover
  4. Tata Daewoo
  5. Tata Hispano
  6. Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery
  7. Tata Motors Cars
 46.40
Tata Autocomp Systems N/A 100%
Consumer & Retail
Tata Chemicals
  1. Tata Chemicals Europe
  2. Rallis India Limited
  3. Brunner Mond
  4. British Salt
  5. Magadi Soda Company
  6. Tata Swach
 31.90%
Tata Consumer Products
  1. Good Earth Teas
  2. Tata Coffee
  3. Tata Salt
  4. Tetley
  5. Eight O'Clock
  6. Tata Starbucks (50%)
 29.39%
Voltas N/A 26.64
Titan Company Ltd
  1. CaratLane
  2. Favre-Leuba
  3. Fastrack
  4. Tanishq
  5. Taneira
 20.84
Retail
Star Bazaar N/A 100%
Trent (Westside)
  1. Westside
  2. Star Bazaar
  3. Landmark Bookstores
  4. Zudio
 32.45
Financial services
Tata Capital N/A 100%
Tata Asset Management N/A 100%
Tata AIG N/A 100%
Tata AIA Life N/A 100%
Tata Investment Corp N/A 68.51
Tourism & Travel
Indian Hotel Company
  1. Taj Hotels
  2. Vivanta
  3. Ginger
 38.43
Taj Air N/A 100%
AirAsia India N/A 100%
Air India Limited
  1. Air India
  2. Air India Express
  3. Alliance Air (India)
  4. Air Asia India
  5. Air India SATS Airport Services (50%)
 100%
Vistara N/A 51%
Telecom & Media
Tata Communications VSNL International Canada 31.90
Tata Teleservices N/A 19.58
Tata Play N/A 60%
Trading & Investments
Tata International N/A 100%
Tata Industries Ltd
  1. Tata Health
  2. TataCLiQ
 100%
Panatone Finvest
  1. Hemisphere Prop (7.96%)
  2. Tata Communications (44.80%)
  3. Tejas Networks (52.40%)
 100%
Digital
Tata Digital
  1. BigBasket (68%)
  2. Tata 1mg (55%)
  3. Tata Neu
  4. Infiniti Retail
  5. Tata nexarc
 100%
Legal
PLF PVT LTD PLC OF INDIA - TATA GROUP LEGAL DIVISION Legal Processing Divisions N/A

Acquisitions

  • February 2000 – Tetley Tea Company, $407 million[23]
  • March 2004 – Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company, $102 million
  • August 2004 – NatSteel's Steel business, $292 million
  • November 2004 – Tyco Global Network, $130 million
  • July 2005 – Teleglobe International Holdings, $239 million
  • October 2005 – Good Earth Corporation
  • December 2005 – Millennium Steel, Thailand, $165 million
  • December 2005 – Brunner Mond Chemicals, $10 million
  • June 2006 – Eight O'Clock Coffee, $220 million
  • November 2006 – Ritz Carlton Boston, $170 million
  • January 2007 – Corus Group, $12 billion[24]
  • March 2007 – PT Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) (Bumi Resources), $1.1 billion
  • April 2007 – Campton Place Hotel, San Francisco, $60 million
  • January 2008 – Imacid Chemical Company, Morocco[25]
  • February 2008 – General Chemical Industrial Products, $1 billion
  • March 2008 – Jaguar Cars and Land Rover, $2.3 billion
  • March 2008 – Serviplem SA, Spain
  • April 2008 – Comoplesa Lebrero SA, Spain
  • May 2008 – Piaggio Aero Industries S.p.A., Italy - Sold Off in 2015
  • June 2008 – China Enterprise Communications, China
  • October 2008 – Miljo Grenland / Innovasjon, Norway
  • April 2010 – Hewitt Robins International, United Kingdom
  • July 2013 – Alti SA, France
  • December 2014 – Energy Products Limited, India
  • June 2016 – Welspun Renewables Energy, India
  • May 2018 – Bhushan Steel Limited, India
  • February 2021 - BigBasket (68%) by Tata Digital
  • June 2021 - 1mg (55%) by Tata Digital
  • October 2021 – Air India, Air India Express and 50% stake in Air India SATS for ₹18,000 crore (US$2.1 billion).
  • January 2022 - Nilachala Ispat Nigam Ltd, $1.5 billion

Former companies

Philanthropy

Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous research, educational and cultural institutes in India,[26][27] and received the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy.[28] Some of the institutes established by the Tata Group are:

In 2008, Tata Group donated US$50 million to Cornell University for "agricultural and nutrition programs in India and for the education of Indian students at Cornell."[32]

In 2010, Tata Group donated INR 2.20 billion (US$50 million) to Harvard Business School to build an academic and a residential building for executive education programmes on the institute's campus in Boston, Massachusetts.[33] The building, now known as Tata Hall,[34] is the largest endowment received by Harvard Business School from an international donor.[33]

In 2017, Tata Trusts gifted US$70 million to University of California, San Diego and also partnered with it in setting up Tata Institute for Genetics and Society(TIGS) to address some of the world's most pressing issues, ranging from public health to agriculture. In recognition of the donation, the building which houses TIGS has been named Tata Hall.[35] It is also the largest international donation made to University of California, San Diego.[36][37]

In 2017, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) donated an unprecedented US$35 million grant to Carnegie Mellon University, the largest ever industry donation to the university, to collaborate on promoting next-generation technologies that will drive the Fourth Industrial Revolution, including cognitive systems and autonomous vehicles.[38]

Ratan-Tata
Ratan Tata, the former chairman of Tata Group[39]

In 2017, the Tata Football Academy won the bid to form the Jamshedpur FC, a football club based on Jamshedpur of Jharkhand in the 4th edition of the Indian Super League.[40]

In 2020, Tata Group has donated INR 15 billion to PM Cares Fund to fight against COVID-19 pandemic in India.[41]

Tata Trusts

Most of the philanthropic activities of the group are carried out by various trusts incorporated by the members of the Tata family.

  1. Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts[42]
    • Sir Dorabji Tata Trust
    • Lady Tata Memorial Trust
    • JRD Tata Trust
    • Jamsetji Tata Trust
    • Tata Social Welfare Trust
    • JN Tata Endowment
    • Tata Education Trust
    • RD Tata Trust
    • The JRD and Thelma J Tata Trust
  2. Sir Ratan Tata Trust & Allied Trusts[43]
    • Sir Ratan Tata Trust
    • Tata Education and Development Trust
    • Navajbai Ratan Tata Trust
    • Bai Hirabai J. N. Tata Navsari Charitable Institution
    • Sarvajanik Seva Trust

Criticism and controversies

The Tata Group has also attracted some controversy during its more than 150 years in operation, notably:

Munnar, Kerala

The Kerala Government filed an affidavit in the high court alleging that Tata Tea had "grabbed" forest land of 3,000 acres (12 km2) at Munnar. The Tatas provided that they possessed 58,741.82 acres (237.7197 km2) of land, which they are allowed to retain under the Kannan Devan Hill (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971, and there was a shortage of 278.23 hectares (2.7823 km2) in that. The Chief Minister of Kerala V.S. Achuthanandan, who vowed to evict all on government land in Munnar, formed a special squad for the Munnar land takeover mission and started acquiring back properties. However, the mission was aborted due to both influential land-holders and opposition from Achuthanandan's own party.[44]

Kalinganagar, Orissa

On 2 January 2006, Kalinganagar, Tribal Orissa villagers protested the construction of a new steel plant for Tata Steel on land historically owned by them. Some of the villagers had been evicted without adequate relocation. Police retribution was brutal: 37 protesters were injured and 13 killed, including 3 women and a 13-year-old boy. One policeman was hacked to death by a mob, after police had opened fire on protestors with tear gas and rubber bullets. Family members of the deceased villagers later claimed that the bodies had been mutilated during post-mortem examination.[45]

Supplies to Burma's military regime

In December 2006, Myanmar's chief of general staff, General Thura Shwe Mann, visited the Tata Motors plant in Pune.[46] In 2009, Tata Motors announced that it would manufacture trucks in Myanmar. Tata Motors reported that these contracts to supply hardware and automobiles to Burma's military were subsequently criticised by human rights activists.[47][48]

Singur land acquisition

The Singur controversy[49] in West Bengal was a series of protests by locals and political parties over the forced acquisition, eviction, and inadequate compensation to those farmers displaced for the Tata Nano plant, during which Mamata Banerjee's party was widely criticised as acting for political gain. Despite the support of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) state government, Tata eventually pulled the project out of West Bengal, citing safety concerns. Narendra Modi, then Chief Minister of Gujarat, made land available for the Nano project.[50]

On August 31, 2016, in a historic judgement, the Honorable Supreme Court of India set aside the land acquisition by the West Bengal Government in 2006 that had facilitated Tata Motors' Nano plant, stating that the West Bengal government had not taken possession of the land legally, and were now required to repossess and return it to local farmers within 12 weeks without compensation.[51]

Dhamra Port, Firoz Krishna

The Port of Dhamara has received significant coverage, sparking controversy in India, and in Tata's emerging global markets.[52] The Dhamra port, an equal joint venture between Tata Steel and Larsen & Toubro, has been criticised for its proximity to the Gahirmatha Sanctuary and Bhitarkanika National Park by Indian and international organisations, including Greenpeace; Gahirmatha Beach is one of the world's largest mass nesting sites for the olive ridley turtle, and India's second largest mangrove forest, Bhitarkanika, is a designated Ramsar site, and critics claimed that the port could disrupt mass nesting at Gahirmtha beaches as well as the ecology of the Bitharkanika mangrove forest.[53][54] Tata Steel employed mitigation measures set by the project's official advisor, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the company pledging to "adopt all its recommendations without exception" when conservation organisations asserted that a thorough environmental impact analysis had not been done for the project, which had undergone changes in size and specifications since it was first proposed.[55]

Proposed soda extraction plant in Tanzania

In 2007, Tata Group joined forces with a Tanzanian company to build a soda ash extraction plant in Tanzania.[56] Environmental activists oppose the plant because it would be near Lake Natron, and it has a very high chance of affecting the lake's ecosystem and its neighbouring dwellers,[57] jeopardising endangered lesser flamingo birds. Lake Natron is where two-thirds of lesser flamingos reproduce.[58] Producing soda ash involves drawing out salt water from the lake, and then disposing the water back to the lake. This process could interrupt the chemical makeup of the lake.[56] 22 African nations signed a petition to stop its construction.[56]

Epic Systems trade-secret case judgement

In April 2016, a U.S. Federal Grand Jury awarded Epic Systems a US$940 million judgement against Tata Consultancy Services and Tata America International Corp. Filed 31 October 2014; the suit charged that "6,477 unauthorized downloads could be used to enhance Tata's competing product, Med Mantra."[59][60][61] In 2017, U.S. District Court Judge William Conley reduced the Award to $420 million; the company states that the judgement is also being appealed, as "not supported by evidence presented during the trial and a strong appeal can be made to superior court to fully set aside the jury verdict.”[62]

2018 NCLT verdict

In July 2018, the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), which "adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies,"[63] issued a verdict in the company's favor on charges of mismanagement leveled in 2016 by ousted chairman, Cyrus Mistry.[64]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Tata Sons confers title of Chairman Emeritus on , Cyrus Mistry to be Chairman from December 28". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  2. ↑ "Supreme Court stays NCLAT order restoring Cyrus Mistry as Tata Sons Executive Chairman". ET News. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Investors". Tata Group. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  4. ↑ "Tata Group | History, Companies, Subsidiaries, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  5. ↑ "Tata Group". Titan Corporate. 9 April 2018. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  6. ↑ "List of Companies | Investors | Tata group". www.tata.com. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  7. ↑ "Ratan Tata | Jamsetji Tata: Ratan Tata pays tribute to Tata Group founder Jamsetji, the 'father of Indian industry', on his birth anniversary". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  8. ↑ "Tata Sons | Tata group". www.tata.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  9. ↑ "List of Companies | Investors | Tata group". www.tata.com. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  10. ↑ "Tata success story is based on humanity, philanthropy and ethics". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  11. ↑ "Tata Group Business Overview". Tata Group. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  12. ↑ "List of Companies | Investors | Tata group". www.tata.com. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Our Timeline: The Complete Story | Tata group". www.tata.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  14. ↑ "Tata Group | History, Companies, Subsidiaries, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  15. ↑ "Our Timeline: The Complete Story | Tata group".
  16. ↑ "Here's a brief history of the Tata Group's six chairmen". www.businesstoday.in. 25 October 2016. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  17. ↑ "One more push". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  18. ↑ "World's cheapest car debuts in India". HISTORY. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  19. ↑ Shinde, Shivani (27 December 2021). "Chandrasekaran lists 4 themes for Tata group, warns of Covid impact". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  20. ↑ "Bewoor, Sir Gurunath Venkatesh, (died 29 Nov. 1950), ICS (retired); Director, Tata Industries Ltd, Bombay; Director-in-charge Air-India and Air-India International", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222593, archived from the original on 6 July 2022, retrieved 17 June 2022
  21. ↑ Rautray, Samanwaya (11 January 2020). "Supreme Court Stays NCLAT order restoring Cyrus Mistry as Chairman". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  22. ↑ "Register - Screener". www.screener.in. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  23. ↑ "Tatas' shopping spree: 27 in 6 years!". Rediff. 24 August 2006. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  24. ↑ "Tata Steel gives India a pound of UK". timesofindia-economictimes. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  25. ↑ Timmons, Heather (4 January 2008). "Tata Pulls Ford Units into Its Orbit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
  26. ↑ "The rainbow effect". 4 May 2008. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  27. ↑ "India's Tata Group: Empowering marginalized communities". 4 May 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  28. ↑ "U.S. and Indian philanthropists recognized for conviction, courage and sustained efforts". 4 May 2008. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008.
  29. ↑ "MIT Tata Center: MIT Tata Center". tatacenter.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  30. ↑ "Tata Centre for Technology & Design at IIT Bombay". Archived from the original on 13 June 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  31. ↑ "Tata Medical Center". Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  32. ↑ "$50 million endowment from Tata trust bolsters Cornell ties to India, and to eminent alumnus". Cornell. USA. 17 October 2008. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Singh, D. K. (9 April 2018). "Tata Trusts accused of favouring Harvard over 'under-privileged' Indian universities". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  34. ↑ "Tatas gift Rs220 crore to Harvard Business School – Mumbai – DNA". Dnaindia.com. 16 October 2010. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  35. ↑ "Tata Hall". blink.ucsd.edu. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  36. ↑ "UC San Diego names new science center after Indian philanthropists". San Diego Union-Tribune. 11 September 2017. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  37. ↑ "Tata Institute for Genetics and Society Advances with Building Naming, Inaugural Chair Holders". ucsdnews.ucsd.edu. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  38. ↑ "Carnegie Mellon and Tata Consultancy Services Break Ground on Global Research Facility in the U.S." Carnegie Mellon University. Archived from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  39. ↑ "Cyrus Mistry Replaced by Ratan Tata as Tata Sons chairman – The Economic Times". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  40. ↑ "Why Indian Super League got the Tata Group to review its football investment". Hindustan Times. 13 November 2017. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  41. ↑ Pathak, Kalpana (28 March 2020). "Tata Group commits ₹1,500 crore to fight Covid-19". Livemint. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  42. ↑ "Board of Trustees | Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts". Tata Trusts. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  43. ↑ "Board of Trustees | Sir Ratan Tata Trust and Allied Trusts". Tata Trusts. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  44. ↑ "Tata Group refutes charge of encroachment in Munnar". HT Media Limited. Hindu Times. 15 July 2017. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  45. ↑ Nityanand Jayaraman (24 May 2006). "CorpWatch : Stolen for Steel: Tata Takes Tribal Lands in India". Corpwatch.org. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
  46. ↑ "Myanmar Ties." 8 December 2006. The Telegraph, Calcutta, India Archived 24 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
  47. ↑ "India's Independent Weekly News Magazine". Tehelka. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
  48. ↑ "Ansari visits Myanmar tomorrow, 3 MoUs to be signed". Zeenews.com. 4 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
  49. ↑ "Singur farmers: Why they oppose Tata plant". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  50. ↑ "Singur's loss". Hinduonnet.com. 7 November 2008. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  51. ↑ "Singur verdict announced, SC says return land to farmers: Here's a timeline of the case – Firstpost". Firstpost. 31 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  52. ↑ "India – Tata in troubled waters – Ethical Corporation". Ethicalcorp.com. November 2007. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
  53. ↑ "Documents And Reports | Save the turtles". Greenpeace.in. 12 June 2009. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
  54. ↑ "Sea dredging affecting Olive Ridley turtles, says green body". Thaindian.com. 5 April 2008. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
  55. ↑ Tata Steel Archived 8 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine "Corporate Citizenship Report 2010/2011", TataSteel.com, 2011, page 20. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 "Dar annoys neighbours over $400m soda ash project". The East African. Nation Media Group. 5 November 2007. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
  57. ↑ Magubira, Patty (16 May 2008). "Tanzania: UK Activists Pile Pressure Against Soda Ash Project". The Citizen. Dar es Salaam: AllAfrica.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
  58. ↑ Pathak, Maulik (31 October 2007). "Tata Chemicals' African safari hits green hurdle". The Economic Times. India. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
  59. ↑ "US jury slaps $940 million fine on Tata group in trade secret case". The Times of India. 16 April 2016. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  60. ↑ Judy Newman (5 April 2016). "Jury trial begins in Epic Systems Corp. lawsuit against India's Tata Consultancy". Wisconsin State Journal. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  61. ↑ Kyle Murphy, PhD (11 April 2016). "Epic Systems Taking TCS to Court over Theft of Trade Secrets". EHR Intelligence. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  62. ↑ Wahlberg, David Archived 12 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine "Award to Epic in trade secrets case reduced from $940 million to $420 million", Wisconsin State Journal, October 4, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  63. ↑ "National Company Law Tribunal constituted – new perspectives for dispute resolution". Khaitan & Co. 3 June 2016. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  64. ↑ "Ratan Tata welcomes NCLT verdict". The Economic Times. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.

External links

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