Rudrama Devi: Difference between revisions

Rudrama Devi
Rudrama Devi
	Statue of Rudrama Devi
Reign	1262–1289
Predecessor	Ganapatideva
Successor	Prataparudra
Died	1289 or 1295; Possibly at Chandupatla; (now in Telangana, India)
Spouse	Virabhadra
Dynasty	Kakatiya dynasty
Father	Ganapatideva

Latest revision as of 00:56, 24 December 2022

Rudrama Devi, also Maharani Rudramma Devi, was a queen of the Kakatiya dynasty in the Deccan Plateau from 1263 to 1289 (or 1295) until her death. She was among the women to rule as monarchs in India and promoted a male image in order to do so.^[1] This was a significant change and one that was followed by her successor and also by the later Vijayanagara Empire.^[2]^[3]

Reign and family[edit]

Inscription on the death of Rani Rudrama Devi in Chandupatla, 1289

Rudrama Devi married Vengi Chalukya prince Virabhadra around the year 1240. This was almost certainly a political marriage designed by her father to forge alliances.^[4] Virabhadra is virtually undocumented and played no part in her administration. The couple had two daughters (both are adopted).^[3] Rudrama Devi probably began her rule of the Kakatiya kingdom jointly with her father, Ganapatideva, as his co-regent, from 1261 to 1262. She assumed full sovereignty in 1263.^[5] Unlike her Kakatiya predecessors, she chose to recruit as warriors many people who were not aristocratic, granting them rights over land tax revenue in return for their support.^{[citation needed]}

Marco Polo, who visited India probably some time around 1289–1293, made note of Rudrama Devi's rule and nature in flattering terms.^[6]^{[lower-alpha 1]} She continued the planned fortification of the capital, raising the height of Ganapati's wall as well as adding a second earthen curtain wall 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in diameter and with an additional 150 feet (46 m)-wide moat.^[7]

Rudrama Devi faced challenges from the Eastern Ganga dynasty and the Yadavas soon after beginning her rule. She was able to repel the former, who retreated beyond the Godavari River in the late 1270s, and she also defeated the Yadavas, who were forced to cede territory in western Andhra.^{[citation needed]} She was, however, unsuccessful in dealing with the internal dissent posed by the Kayastha chieftain Ambadeva after he became head of his line in 1273. Ambadeva objected to being subordinate to the Kakatiyas and he gained control of much of northeastern Andhra and what is now Guntur District.^[8]

Rudrama Devi may have died in 1289 while fighting Ambadeva, although some sources say she did not die until 1295.^{[lower-alpha 2]} She was succeeded by Prataparudra, the son of her elder daughter Mummadamma, who inherited a kingdom that was smaller than it had been when Rudrama Devi had ascended her throne.^[3]

In popular culture[edit]

In 2015, filmmaker Gunasekhar made a Telugu film Rudhramadevi on the life of Rudrama Devi with Anushka Shetty playing the titular role.^[11]

Peninsula Pictures produced a serial on Star Maa titled Rudramadevi which pictured the childhood of Rudramadevi to the TV viewers for 100 episodes.^[12]

Notes[edit]

↑ Marco Polo referred to the kingdom as Mutfili, which was the name for the area around a major port of the dynasty, now known as Masulipatnam.(Chakravarti 1991)
↑ One ancient inscription discovered in 1994 suggests that Rudrama Devi died in battle at Chandupatla village on 27 November 1289 but more recent reliable sources make no mention of this and some sources claim she died in 1295.^[5]^[9] Two sculpture discovered in 2017 may possibly confirm the 1289 location and date.^[10]

References[edit]

↑ Ramusack, Barbara N.; Sievers, Sharon L. (1999). Women in Asia: Restoring Women to History. Indiana University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-25321-267-2.
↑ Talbot, Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. p. 158. ISBN 0195136616.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Smith, Bonnie G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 612. ISBN 978-0-19514-890-9.
↑ Talbot, Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-0-19513-661-6.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Talbot, Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-19513-661-6.
↑ Rubiés 2000, pp. 50, 73.
↑ Eaton 2005, p. 17.
↑ Talbot, Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. pp. 133–134. ISBN 978-0-19513-661-6.
↑ Reddy, T. Karnakar (20 November 2014). "Govt urged to observe death anniversary of Rani Rudrama Devi". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
↑ Venkateshwarlu, K. (5 December 2017). "Two sculptures of Rani Rudrama Devi shed light on her death". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
↑ "Anushka to do a Tamil-Telugu period film?". The Times of India. 6 October 2012. Archived from the original on 9 July 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
↑ "Rani Rudrama Devi to begin on Star Maa". Telugu Cinema. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

External links[edit]

Template:Kakatiya dynasty

[7] Marco Polo referred to the kingdom as Mutfili, which was the name for the area around a major port of the dynasty, now known as Masulipatnam.(Chakravarti 1991)

[12] One ancient inscription discovered in 1994 suggests that Rudrama Devi died in battle at Chandupatla village on 27 November 1289 but more recent reliable sources make no mention of this and some sources claim she died in 1295.^[5]^[9] Two sculpture discovered in 2017 may possibly confirm the 1289 location and date.^[10]

[1] Ramusack, Barbara N.; Sievers, Sharon L. (1999). Women in Asia: Restoring Women to History. Indiana University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-25321-267-2.

[2] Talbot, Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. p. 158. ISBN 0195136616.

[smith-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Smith, Bonnie G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 612. ISBN 978-0-19514-890-9.

[4] Talbot, Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-0-19513-661-6.

[talbot273-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Talbot, Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-19513-661-6.

[FOOTNOTERubiés200050,_73-6] Rubiés 2000, pp. 50, 73.

[FOOTNOTEEaton200517-8] Eaton 2005, p. 17.

[talbot133-9] Talbot, Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. pp. 133–134. ISBN 978-0-19513-661-6.

[10] Reddy, T. Karnakar (20 November 2014). "Govt urged to observe death anniversary of Rani Rudrama Devi". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 August 2016.

[11] Venkateshwarlu, K. (5 December 2017). "Two sculptures of Rani Rudrama Devi shed light on her death". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 January 2018.

[13] "Anushka to do a Tamil-Telugu period film?". The Times of India. 6 October 2012. Archived from the original on 9 July 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2012.

[14] "Rani Rudrama Devi to begin on Star Maa". Telugu Cinema. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[lower-alpha 1]

[7]

[8]

[lower-alpha 2]

[11]

[12]

[9]

[10]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|Indian queen}}
+{{Short description|Indian queen of the Kakatiya dynasty}}
 {{About||the 2015 film|Rudhramadevi (film)|the 2021 television series|Rudramadevi (TV series)}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 {{Infobox royalty
 | image        = Rudramadevi.jpg
-| alt          = 𝐑𝐮𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐚 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐢
+| name         = Rudrama Devi
 | caption      = Statue of Rudrama Devi
-| reign        = 1262-1289
+| reign        = 1262–1289
 | predecessor  = [[Ganapatideva]]
 | successor    = [[Prataparudra]]
 | death_date   = 1289 or 1295
-| death_place  = Possibly at [[Chandupatla]]<br/>(now in [[Telangana]], India)
+| death_place  = Possibly at [[Chandupatla]]<br />(now in [[Telangana]], India)
 | dynasty      = [[Kakatiya dynasty]]
 | father       = [[Ganapatideva]]
 | spouse       = Virabhadra
 }}
-'''Rudrama Devi''' ('''Rudradeva Maharaja''', '''Rudramadevi''', '''Rani Rudrama''' or '''Rudrama-devi)''', was a monarch of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] in the [[Deccan Plateau]] from 1263 to 1289 (or 1295) until her death. She was one of the very few women to rule as monarchs in India and promoted a male image in order to do so.<ref>{{cite book |title=Women in Asia: Restoring Women to History |first1=Barbara N. |last1=Ramusack |first2=Sharon L. |last2=Sievers |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-25321-267-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNi9Jc22OHsC&pg=PA37 |page=37}}</ref> This was a significant change and one that was followed by her successor and also by the later [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Cynthia |last=Talbot |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=0195136616|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSfoCwAAQBAJ |page=158}}</ref><ref name="smith" />
+'''Rudrama Devi''', also '''[[Maharaja|Maharani]] Rudramma Devi''', was a queen of the  [[Kakatiya dynasty]] in the [[Deccan Plateau]] from 1263 to 1289 (or 1295) until her death. She was among the women to rule as monarchs in India and promoted a male image in order to do so.<ref>{{cite book |title=Women in Asia: Restoring Women to History |first1=Barbara N. |last1=Ramusack |first2=Sharon L. |last2=Sievers |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-25321-267-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNi9Jc22OHsC&pg=PA37 |page=37}}</ref> This was a significant change and one that was followed by her successor and also by the later [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Cynthia |last=Talbot |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=0195136616|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSfoCwAAQBAJ |page=158}}</ref><ref name="smith" />
 == Reign and family  ==
 [[File:Inscription on the death of Rani Rudrama in Chandupalta-1289 AD.jpg|thumb|Inscription on the death of Rani Rudrama Devi in [[Chandupatla]], 1289]]
-Rudrama Devi married Vengi Chalukya prince Virabhadra around the year 1240. This was almost certainly a political marriage designed by her father to forge alliances.<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Cynthia |last=Talbot |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19513-661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSfoCwAAQBAJ |pages=155–156}}</ref> Virabhadra is virtually undocumented and played no part in her administration. The couple had two daughters (both are adopted).<ref name="smith">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History |volume=1 |first=Bonnie G. |last=Smith |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19514-890-9 |page=612 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC&pg=RA1-PA612}}</ref> Rudrama Devi probably began her rule of the Kakatiya kingdom jointly with her father, Ganapatideva, as his co-regent, from 1261 to 1262. She assumed full sovereignty in 1263.<ref name="talbot273">{{cite book|last=Talbot|first=Cynthia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSfoCwAAQBAJ|title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19513-661-6|page=273}}</ref> Unlike her Kakatiya predecessors, she chose to recruit as warriors many people who were not aristocratic, granting them rights over land tax revenue in return for their support.
+Rudrama Devi married Vengi Chalukya prince Virabhadra around the year 1240. This was almost certainly a political marriage designed by her father to forge alliances.<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Cynthia |last=Talbot |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19513-661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSfoCwAAQBAJ |pages=155–156}}</ref> Virabhadra is virtually undocumented and played no part in her administration. The couple had two daughters (both are adopted).<ref name="smith">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History |volume=1 |first=Bonnie G. |last=Smith |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19514-890-9 |page=612 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC&pg=RA1-PA612}}</ref> Rudrama Devi probably began her rule of the Kakatiya kingdom jointly with her father, [[Ganapati (Kakatiya dynasty)|Ganapatideva]], as his co-regent, from 1261 to 1262. She assumed full sovereignty in 1263.<ref name="talbot273">{{cite book|last=Talbot|first=Cynthia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSfoCwAAQBAJ|title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19513-661-6|page=273}}</ref> Unlike her Kakatiya predecessors, she chose to recruit as warriors many people who were not aristocratic, granting them rights over land tax revenue in return for their support.{{Cn|date=November 2022}}
 [[Marco Polo]], who visited India probably some time around 1289–1293, made note of Rudrama Devi's rule and nature in flattering terms.{{sfn|Rubiés|2000|pp=50, 73}}{{efn|[[Marco Polo]] referred to the kingdom as Mutfili, which was the name for the area around a major port of the dynasty, now known as [[Masulipatnam]].({{harvnb|Chakravarti|1991}})}} She continued the planned fortification of the capital, raising the height of Ganapati's wall as well as adding a second earthen [[curtain wall (fortification)|curtain wall]] {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} in diameter and with an additional {{convert|150|ft|m}}-wide moat.{{sfn|Eaton|2005|p=17}}
-Rudrama Devi faced challenges from the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] and the [[Yadavas of Devagiri|Yadavas]] soon after beginning her rule. She was able to repel the former, who retreated beyond the [[Godavari River]] in the late 1270s, and she also defeated the Yadavas, who were forced to cede territory in western Andhra.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} She was, however, unsuccessful in dealing with the internal dissent posed by the Kayastha chieftain Ambadeva after he became head of his line in 1273. Ambadeva objected to being subordinate to the Kakatiyas and he gained control of much of southwestern Andhra and what is now [[Guntur District]].<ref name="talbot133">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Cynthia |last=Talbot |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19513-661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSfoCwAAQBAJ |pages=133–134}}</ref>
+Rudrama Devi faced challenges from the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] and the [[Yadavas of Devagiri|Yadavas]] soon after beginning her rule. She was able to repel the former, who retreated beyond the [[Godavari River]] in the late 1270s, and she also defeated the Yadavas, who were forced to cede territory in western Andhra.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} She was, however, unsuccessful in dealing with the internal dissent posed by the Kayastha chieftain Ambadeva after he became head of his line in 1273. Ambadeva objected to being subordinate to the Kakatiyas and he gained control of much of northeastern Andhra and what is now [[Guntur District]].<ref name="talbot133">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Cynthia |last=Talbot |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19513-661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSfoCwAAQBAJ |pages=133–134}}</ref>
 Rudrama Devi may have died in 1289 while fighting Ambadeva, although some sources say she did not die until 1295.{{efn|One ancient inscription discovered in 1994 suggests that Rudrama Devi died in battle at [[Chandupatla]] village on 27 November 1289 but more recent reliable sources make no mention of this and some sources claim she died in 1295.<ref name="talbot273" /><ref>{{cite news |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/govt-urged-to-observe-death-anniversary-of-rani-rudrama-devi/article6618762.ece |title=Govt urged to observe death anniversary of Rani Rudrama Devi |date=20 November 2014 |first=T. Karnakar |last=Reddy |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> Two sculpture discovered in 2017 may possibly confirm the 1289 location and date.<ref>{{cite news |work=The Hindu |title=Two sculptures of Rani Rudrama Devi shed light on her death |first=K. |last=Venkateshwarlu |date=5 December 2017 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/two-sculptures-of-rani-rudrama-devi-shed-light-on-her-death/article21268201.ece |access-date=2018-01-20}}</ref>}} She was succeeded by [[Prataparudra]], the son of her elder daughter Mummadamma, who inherited a kingdom that was smaller than it had been when Rudrama Devi had ascended her throne.<ref name="smith" />
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 In 2015, filmmaker [[Gunasekhar]] made a [[Telugu film]] ''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]'' on the life of Rudrama Devi with [[Anushka Shetty]] playing the titular role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-06/news-interviews/34280826_1_anushka-period-film-gunashekar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709103852/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-06/news-interviews/34280826_1_anushka-period-film-gunashekar |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2013 |title=Anushka to do a Tamil-Telugu period film? |date=6 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 November 2012}}</ref>
-[[Peninsula Pictures]] produced an serial on [[Star Maa]] titled [[Rudramadevi (TV series)|''Rudramadevi'']] which pictured the childhood of Rudramadevi to the TV viewers for 100 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rani Rudrama Devi to begin on Star Maa|url=https://telugucinema.com/uncategorized/rani-rudrama-devis-journey-to-begin-on-star-maa-from-18th-jan|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Telugu Cinema|language=en-US}}</ref>
+[[Peninsula Pictures]] produced a serial on [[Star Maa]] titled [[Rudramadevi (TV series)|''Rudramadevi'']] which pictured the childhood of Rudramadevi to the TV viewers for 100 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rani Rudrama Devi to begin on Star Maa|url=https://telugucinema.com/uncategorized/rani-rudrama-devis-journey-to-begin-on-star-maa-from-18th-jan|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Telugu Cinema|language=en-US}}</ref>
 == See also ==
 * [[History of women in early modern warfare]]
+== Notes ==
+{{notelist}}
 == References ==
-'''Notes'''
-{{notelist}}
-'''Citations'''
 {{Reflist}}
-{{commons category|Rudrama Devi}}
+== External links ==
+* {{Commons category-inline}}
 {{Authority control}}
+{{Kakatiya dynasty}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Rani Rudrama}}
@@ Line 52: / Line 56: @@
 [[Category:Indian women in war]]
 [[Category:13th-century women rulers]]
-[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
+[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
 [[Category:Indian female royalty]]
 [[Category:1289 deaths]]
@@ Line 58: / Line 62: @@
 [[Category:1295 deaths]]
 [[Category:13th-century Indian women]]
-[[Category:13th-century Indian people]]
 [[Category:People from Nellore district]]