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{{For|Canadian artist|Fred S. Haines}}
{{short description|British general and commander of British forces in India}}
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==Military career==
==Military career==
[[File:Sir Frederick Haines WDL11450.png|thumb|Sir Frederick Haines during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]]]  
[[File:Sir Frederick Haines WDL11450.png|thumb|Sir Frederick Haines during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]]]


Born the son of Gregory Haines, a [[commissariat]] officer, and Harriet Haines (née Eldridge), Haines was educated at [[Midhurst Grammar School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] before being [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the [[King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)|4th Regiment of Foot]] on 21 June 1839.<ref name=heath163>Heathcote, p. 163</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 15 December 1840 and appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|General Sir Hugh Gough]] (his eldest brother's father-in-law) in 1843.<ref name=heath163/> Haines took part in the [[Battle of Mudki]] in December 1845 and the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] (where he was severely wounded)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20576|page=725|date=23 February 1846}}</ref> in December 1845 during the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath163/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[10th (North Lincoln) Regiment of Foot|10th Regiment of Foot]] on 16 May 1846,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20636|page=3109|date=28 August 1846}}</ref> he exchanged to the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers|21st Royal North British Fusiliers]] on 31 March 1847<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20743|page=2126|date=11 June 1847}}</ref> and then fought at the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] before being promoted to brevet [[major]] on 7 June 1849<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20986|page=1865|date=7 June 1849}}</ref> and to brevet lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1850.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21123|page=2133|date=2 August 1850}}</ref>
Born the son of Gregory Haines, a [[commissariat]] officer, and Harriet Haines (née Eldridge), Haines was educated at [[Midhurst Grammar School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] before being [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the [[King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)|4th Regiment of Foot]] on 21 June 1839.<ref name=heath163>Heathcote, p. 163</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 15 December 1840 and appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|General Sir Hugh Gough]] (his eldest brother's father-in-law) in 1843.<ref name=heath163/> Haines took part in the [[Battle of Mudki]] in December 1845 and the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] (where he was severely wounded)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20576|page=725|date=23 February 1846}}</ref> in December 1845 during the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath163/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[10th (North Lincoln) Regiment of Foot|10th Regiment of Foot]] on 16 May 1846,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20636|page=3109|date=28 August 1846}}</ref> he exchanged to the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers|21st Royal North British Fusiliers]] on 31 March 1847<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20743|page=2126|date=11 June 1847}}</ref> and then fought at the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] before being promoted to brevet [[major]] on 7 June 1849<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20986|page=1865|date=7 June 1849}}</ref> and to brevet lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1850.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21123|page=2133|date=2 August 1850}}</ref>
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Promoted to brevet [[major-general]] on 25 November 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22919|page=6485|date=9 December 1864}}</ref> Haines returned to India to become [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Mysore division|Mysore Division]] of the [[Madras Army]] in March 1865.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22910|page=5311|date=11 November 1864}}</ref> He went on to be [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] in the United Kingdom in 1870 before returning to India again to be Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] as well as a member of the Council of the [[List of colonial Governors and Presidents of Madras|Governor of Madras]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23735|page=2221|date=9 May 1871}}</ref> with the local rank of [[lieutenant general]] in May 1871.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23728|page=1884|date=14 April 1871}}</ref>
Promoted to brevet [[major-general]] on 25 November 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22919|page=6485|date=9 December 1864}}</ref> Haines returned to India to become [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Mysore division|Mysore Division]] of the [[Madras Army]] in March 1865.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22910|page=5311|date=11 November 1864}}</ref> He went on to be [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] in the United Kingdom in 1870 before returning to India again to be Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] as well as a member of the Council of the [[List of colonial Governors and Presidents of Madras|Governor of Madras]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23735|page=2221|date=9 May 1871}}</ref> with the local rank of [[lieutenant general]] in May 1871.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23728|page=1884|date=14 April 1871}}</ref>
[[File:Battle in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|left|The Second Anglo-Afghan War during which Haines commanded the British forces]]
[[File:Battle in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|left|The Second Anglo-Afghan War during which Haines commanded the British forces]]
Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 May 1873<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23991|page=2974|date=24 June 1873}}</ref> and to the local rank of full [[general]] on 22 March 1876,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24307|page=2015|date=21 March 1876}}</ref> Haines became [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] in April 1876, with promotion to brevet full general on 1 October 1877.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5457|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> He commanded the forces in India during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the [[Governor-General of India]], [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.<ref name=heath164/> Haines was offered a baronetcy for services to HM Government in India in 1880 but declined the honour due to his wife's failing health, presuming that it would be re-offered to him after her recovery. However, her health declined and she eventually died and the offer of the baronetcy was never renewed.<ref>Rait, p. 270</ref> Lady Charlotte died on 7 April 1880 in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire aged 41
Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 May 1873<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23991|page=2974|date=24 June 1873}}</ref> and to the local rank of full [[general]] on 22 March 1876,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24307|page=2015|date=21 March 1876}}</ref> Haines became [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] in April 1876, with promotion to brevet full general on 1 October 1877.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5457|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> He commanded the forces in India during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the [[Governor-General of India]], [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.<ref name=heath164/> Haines was offered a baronetcy for services to HM Government in India in 1880 but declined the honour due to his wife's failing health, presuming that it would be re-offered to him after her recovery. However, her health declined and she eventually died and the offer of the baronetcy was never renewed.<ref>Rait, p. 270</ref>


On his retirement in London in 1881, Haines was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] on 21 May 1890.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26052|page=2900|date=20 May 1890}}</ref> He also became colonel of the [[104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)|104th Bengal Fusiliers]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24104|page=2994|date=12 June 1874}}</ref> subsequently of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]] and then of the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26106|page=6024|date=14 November 1890}}</ref> Sir Frederick was a lover of art, the theatre and cricket and spent a great deal of time at the United Services Club, Pall Mall, London. He once dined with Queen Victoria and received a card from Edward V11 on his final birthday. He died of bronchitis at his home at 23 Pall Mall, London on 11 June 1909 aged 89 and was buried on 16 June 1909 in [[Brompton Cemetery]], London.<ref name=heath165>Heathcote, p. 165</ref>
Returning to retirement in London in 1881, Haines was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] on 21 May 1890.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26052|page=2900|date=20 May 1890}}</ref> He also became colonel of the [[104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)|104th Bengal Fusiliers]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24104|page=2994|date=12 June 1874}}</ref> subsequently of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]] and then of the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26106|page=6024|date=14 November 1890}}</ref> He died at his home at [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]] in London on 11 June 1909 and was buried in [[Brompton Cemetery]], London.<ref name=heath165>Heathcote, p. 165</ref>


==Family==
==Family==
Haines married Charlotte Jane Sophia Miller on 1 September 1856 at Bangalore, Madras, India (she was 18, he nearly 39) Charlotte was born on the 3 August 1838 in Kamptee, India, the daughter of Edward E and Frances G H Murray Macgregor m 29.2.1836 Edinburgh, he a Major General in the 1st Regt of Madras Light Cavalry, Madras Army, reputedly a descended of Edward III; Francis was the second daughter of Major General Alexander M Macgregor & Charlotte A Sinclair
In 1856 Haines married Charlotte Jane Sophia Miller and together they went on to have three sons.<ref name=heath165/>
 
Frederick and Charlotte had 3 children:
Frederick Edward Grant Haines (1857-1932)
Gregory Sinclair Haines (1858-1921)
Evan Paul Arbuthnot Haines (1860-1896)


==Honours==
==Honours==
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[[Category:1819 births]]
[[Category:1819 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Sussex]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Crimean War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Crimean War]]
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[[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Madras]]
[[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Madras]]
[[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]

Latest revision as of 03:40, 15 November 2022

For Canadian artist, see Fred S. Haines.

Sir Frederick Haines
Frederick Haines.jpg
Sir Frederick Haines
Born10 August 1819
Parsonage Farm, Kirdford, Sussex
Died11 June 1909 (aged 89)
Pall Mall, London
Buried
Brompton Cemetery, London
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branchFlag of the British Army.svg British Army
Years of service1839–1881
RankField Marshal
Commands held8th Regiment of Foot
Mysore Division
Madras Army
Indian Army
Battles/warsFirst Anglo-Sikh War
Second Anglo-Sikh War
Crimean War
Indian Rebellion
Second Anglo-Afghan War
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of India
Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire

Field Marshal Sir Frederick Paul Haines GCB GCSI CIE (10 August 1819 – 11 June 1909) was a British Army officer. He fought in the First Anglo-Sikh War, in the Second Anglo-Sikh War and then in the Crimean War: during the latter conflict at the Battle of Inkerman, he held an important barrier on the post road guarding the approach to the 2nd Division camp for six hours. He served in India during the Indian Rebellion before becoming Commanding Officer of the 8th Regiment of Foot in the United Kingdom and then Commander of a Brigade in Ireland. He went on to be General Officer Commanding the Mysore Division of the Madras Army and then Quartermaster-General to the Forces in the United Kingdom. He returned to India to become Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army in May 1871 and then Commander-in-Chief, India in April 1876: he commanded the forces in India during the Second Anglo-Afghan War and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the Governor-General of India, Lord Lytton, was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.

Military career[edit]

Sir Frederick Haines during the Second Anglo-Afghan War

Born the son of Gregory Haines, a commissariat officer, and Harriet Haines (née Eldridge), Haines was educated at Midhurst Grammar School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst before being commissioned into the 4th Regiment of Foot on 21 June 1839.[1] He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 December 1840 and appointed aide-de-camp to General Sir Hugh Gough (his eldest brother's father-in-law) in 1843.[1] Haines took part in the Battle of Mudki in December 1845 and the Battle of Ferozeshah (where he was severely wounded)[2] in December 1845 during the First Anglo-Sikh War.[1] Promoted to captain in the 10th Regiment of Foot on 16 May 1846,[3] he exchanged to the 21st Royal North British Fusiliers on 31 March 1847[4] and then fought at the Battle of Ramnagar in November 1848, the Battle of Chillianwala in January 1849 and the Battle of Gujrat in February 1849 during the Second Anglo-Sikh War before being promoted to brevet major on 7 June 1849[5] and to brevet lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1850.[6]

Haines served in the Crimean War taking part in the Battle of Alma in September 1854, the Battle of Balaclava in October 1854 and the Battle of Inkerman in November 1854, where as the senior officer, he held an important barrier on the post road guarding the approach to the 2nd Division camp for six hours.[7]

Returning to England, Haines became assistant adjutant-general at Aldershot Command in February 1855 and, having been promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel on 24 April 1855[8] and to brevet colonel on 18 December 1855,[9] he became military secretary to the Commander-in-Chief, Madras Army in India in June 1856 retaining that role through the Indian Rebellion in 1857.[7] He became Commanding Officer of the 8th Regiment of Foot in the United Kingdom in October 1859[10] and Deputy Adjutant-General in Ireland in June 1862[11] before being given command of a brigade in Ireland with the temporary rank of brigadier-general in March 1864.[12]

Promoted to brevet major-general on 25 November 1864,[13] Haines returned to India to become General Officer Commanding the Mysore Division of the Madras Army in March 1865.[14] He went on to be Quartermaster-General to the Forces in the United Kingdom in 1870 before returning to India again to be Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army as well as a member of the Council of the Governor of Madras[15] with the local rank of lieutenant general in May 1871.[16]

The Second Anglo-Afghan War during which Haines commanded the British forces

Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 May 1873[17] and to the local rank of full general on 22 March 1876,[18] Haines became Commander-in-Chief, India in April 1876, with promotion to brevet full general on 1 October 1877.[19] He commanded the forces in India during the Second Anglo-Afghan War and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the Governor-General of India, Lord Lytton, was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.[7] Haines was offered a baronetcy for services to HM Government in India in 1880 but declined the honour due to his wife's failing health, presuming that it would be re-offered to him after her recovery. However, her health declined and she eventually died and the offer of the baronetcy was never renewed.[20]

Returning to retirement in London in 1881, Haines was promoted to Field Marshal on 21 May 1890.[21] He also became colonel of the 104th Bengal Fusiliers,[22] subsequently of the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers and then of the Royal Scots Fusiliers.[23] He died at his home at Pall Mall in London on 11 June 1909 and was buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.[24]

Family[edit]

In 1856 Haines married Charlotte Jane Sophia Miller and together they went on to have three sons.[24]

Honours[edit]

Haines' honours included:

Funerary monument, Brompton Cemetery, London

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Heathcote, p. 163
  2. ↑ "No. 20576". The London Gazette. 23 February 1846. p. 725.
  3. ↑ "No. 20636". The London Gazette. 28 August 1846. p. 3109.
  4. ↑ "No. 20743". The London Gazette. 11 June 1847. p. 2126.
  5. ↑ "No. 20986". The London Gazette. 7 June 1849. p. 1865.
  6. ↑ "No. 21123". The London Gazette. 2 August 1850. p. 2133.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Heathcote, p. 164
  8. ↑ "No. 21699". The London Gazette. 24 April 1855. p. 1575.
  9. ↑ "No. 21829". The London Gazette. 18 December 1855. p. 4751.
  10. ↑ "No. 22320". The London Gazette. 28 October 1859. p. 3886.
  11. ↑ "No. 22633". The London Gazette. 10 June 1862. p. 2993.
  12. ↑ "No. 22833". The London Gazette. 15 March 1864. p. 1547.
  13. ↑ "No. 22919". The London Gazette. 9 December 1864. p. 6485.
  14. ↑ "No. 22910". The London Gazette. 11 November 1864. p. 5311.
  15. ↑ "No. 23735". The London Gazette. 9 May 1871. p. 2221.
  16. ↑ "No. 23728". The London Gazette. 14 April 1871. p. 1884.
  17. ↑ "No. 23991". The London Gazette. 24 June 1873. p. 2974.
  18. ↑ "No. 24307". The London Gazette. 21 March 1876. p. 2015.
  19. ↑ "No. 24508". The London Gazette. 2 October 1877. p. 5457.
  20. ↑ Rait, p. 270
  21. ↑ "No. 26052". The London Gazette. 20 May 1890. p. 2900.
  22. ↑ "No. 24104". The London Gazette. 12 June 1874. p. 2994.
  23. ↑ "No. 26106". The London Gazette. 14 November 1890. p. 6024.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Heathcote, p. 165
  25. ↑ "No. 24467". The London Gazette. 2 June 1877. p. 3497.
  26. ↑ "No. 23739". The London Gazette. 20 May 1871. p. 2473.
  27. ↑ "No. 24747". The London Gazette. 29 July 1879. p. 4697.
  28. ↑ "Frederick Haines". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33637. Retrieved 27 October 2013. Template:ODNBsub
  29. ↑ "No. 22107". The London Gazette. 2 March 1858. p. 1254.

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

Military offices
Preceded by
Sir James Grant 		Quartermaster-General to the Forces
1870–1871 		Succeeded by
Sir Charles Ellice
Preceded by
William McCleverty 		C-in-C, Madras Army
1871–1876 		Succeeded by
Sir Neville Chamberlain
Preceded by
The Lord Napier of Magdala 		Commander-in-Chief, India
1876–1881 		Succeeded by
Sir Donald Stewart
Preceded by
George Dixon 		Colonel of the 104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)
1874–1881 		Succeeded by
Redesignated 2nd Battalion Royal Munster Fusiliers
Preceded by
Regiment created 		Colonel of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Munster Fusiliers
1881–1890 		Succeeded by
William Richard Preston
(entire regiment)
Preceded by
Sir Frederick Hamilton 		Colonel of the Royal Scots Fusiliers
1890–1909 		Succeeded by
John Thomas Dalyell
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