Sawar Khan: Difference between revisions

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{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2015}}
{{Short description|Pakistani Ex Vice Chief of Army Staff}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix  =
|honorific-prefix  =  
|name              = Sawar Khan  
|name              = Sawar Khan
|honorific-suffix  =
|honorific-suffix  = [[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBT]]
|image              =  
|image              =  
|imagesize          =  
|imagesize          =  
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|alt                =  
|alt                =  
|caption            =  
|caption            =  
|order              =13th [[Governor of Punjab, Pakistan|Governor of Punjab]]
|order              = 1st [[Vice Chief of Army Staff, Pakistan|Vice Chief of Army Staff]]
|office            =
|office            =  
|term_start        = 18 September 1978
|term_start        = 1 May 1980
|term_end          = 1 May 1980
|term_end          = 23 March 1984
|alongside          =  
|alongside          = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district.  (e.g. United States Senators.)-->
|vicepresident      =  
|vicepresident      =  
|viceprimeminister  =  
|viceprimeminister  =  
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|lieutenant        =  
|lieutenant        =  
|monarch            =  
|monarch            =  
|president          =  
|president          = [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]]
|taoiseach          =  
|taoiseach          =  
|chancellor        =
|chancellor        =  
|governor          =  
|governor          =  
|governor-general  =  
|governor-general  =  
|governor_general  =  
|governor_general  =  
|succeeding        =
|succeeding        = <!--For President-elect or equivalent-->
|predecessor        = Aslam Riaz Hussain
|predecessor        =  
|successor          = Lt-Gen. [[Ghulam Jilani Khan]]
|successor          = [[General Khalid Mahmud Arif]]
|constituency      =  
|constituency      =  
|majority          =  
|majority          =  
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|term_start2        = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
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|term_end2          = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|alongside2        =
|alongside2        = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|vicepresident2    =
|vicepresident2    = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|viceprimeminister2 =
|viceprimeminister2 = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|deputy2            =
|deputy2            = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|lieutenant2        =
|lieutenant2        = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|monarch2          =
|monarch2          = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
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|president2        = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|primeminister2    =
|primeminister2    = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|governor2          =
|governor2          = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|succeeding2        =
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|constituency2      =
|constituency2      = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
|majority2          =
|majority2          =  
|birth_date        = 1 December 1924
|birth_date        = 1 December 1924
|birth_place        =[[Rawalpindi District]], [[British Raj]]  
|birth_place        = [[Rawalpindi District]], [[British Raj]]
|death_date        =  
|death_date        =  
|death_place        =  
|death_place        =  
|restingplace      =  
|restingplace      = Rawalpindi
|restingplacecoordinates =  
|restingplacecoordinates =  
|birthname          =Sawar Khan  
|birthname          = Sawar Khan
|nationality        =[[Pakistani people|Pakistani]]  
|nationality        = [[Pakistani people|Pakistani]]
|party              =  
|party              =  
|otherparty        = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
|otherparty        = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
|spouse            = Khadijah Bano
|spouse            = Khadijah Bano
|partner            = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
|partner            = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
|children          =
|relations          =  
|relations          =
|children          =  
|residence          =  
|residence          = Westridge 1 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
|alma_mater        =
|alma_mater        = [[Officers' Training School (Bangalore, India)]]
|occupation        =  
|occupation        =  
|profession        =
|profession        =  
|cabinet            =  
|cabinet            =  
|committees        =  
|committees        =  
|portfolio          =  
|portfolio          =  
|religion          =
|signature          =  
|signature          =  
|signature_alt      =  
|signature_alt      =  
|website            =  
|website            =  
|footnotes          =  
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|nickname          =  
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|allegiance        ={{PAK}}  
|allegiance        = {{ubl|[[British India]]|Pakistan}}
|branch            ={{army|PAK}}
|branch            = {{ubl|[[British Indian Army]]|[[Pakistan Army]]}}
|serviceyears      =1946–1984
|serviceyears      = 1946-1984
|rank              =[[File:OF-9 Pakistan Army.svg|10px]][[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|30px]][[Four star general|General]]
|rank              = [[General]]
|unit              =[[Pakistan Army Corps of Artillery]]
|unit              = [[Pakistan Army|Artillery]]
|commands          =[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)#Vice- Chief of Army Staff|Vice-Chief of Army Staff]]<br>[[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]] in [[Lahore]]<br>[[XI Corps (Pakistan)|XI Corps]] in [[Peshawar]]<br>[[Adjutant General|Adjutant-General]], [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]]<br>
|commands          = {{ubl|[[XI Corps (Pakistan)|XI Corps]] [[Peshawar]]|[[Adjutant General]] (AG)|[[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]], [[Lahore]]|[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS)]]}}
|battles            =[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br>[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
|battles            = {{ubl|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]}}
|mawards            =[[File:Order of Excellence Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|30px]][[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|Nishan-i-Imtiaz (military)]]
|awards            = [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]] (Military)
|military_blank1    =Post-Retirement Work  
[[Hilal-e-Imtiaz]] (Military)
 
[[Sitara-e-Basalat]]
|military_blank1    = Post-Retirement Work
|military_data1    = Community Service
|military_data1    = Community Service
President [[Northern University, Nowshera]] Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa  
President [[Northern University, Nowshera]] Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa
|military_blank2    =  
|military_blank2    =  
|military_data2    =  
|military_data2    =  
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}}
}}


[[General officer|General]] '''Sawar Khan''' ([[Urdu]]: '''سوار خان''') {{small|[[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|NI(m)]]}}, is a retired [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank [[Pak Fauj|army general]] who served as the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)#Vice Chief of Army Staff|Vice Chief of Army Staff]] under [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] from 1980 until 1984. Prior to that, he served as the [[Governor of Punjab, Pakistan|Governor of Punjab]] to enforce [[Martial law in Pakistan|martial law]] imposed by then-[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|army chief]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Gen. Zia]] [[Operation Fair Play|against civilian government]] in 1977.
[[General]] ''' Sawar Khan   سوار خان''', [[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] is an ex-[[four-star general]] of the [[Pakistan Army]] who was the [[Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)|Governor]] of the largest province, Punjab and the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Army Staff]] during the era of General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]], when Zia was simultaneously the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)]] and the [[President of Pakistan]].
 
==Military career==
Sawar Khan was commissioned before the [[Pakistan Movement|independence]] of Pakistan in 1947 into the Indian Army's Corps of Artillery. He later opted for Pakistan Army in 1947. As a captain, Sawar became the Instructor Gunnery (IG) at the Artillery School.<ref>EAS Bokhari [http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/april/obituary.htm "Late Lt Gen SM Abbasi"] ''Defence Journal'', April 2002</ref>
 
==General Officer==
He was promoted to Lt General on 24 March 1976 by General Zia-ul-Haq after he became the Chief of Army Staff superseding five other generals. Sawar Khan who at the time was serving as Adjutant General (AG) at the GHQ was sent as the Commander [[XI Corps (Pakistan)|XI Corps]], Peshawar, where he replaced the recently superseded Lt Gen Majeed Malik.<ref>A.H. Amin [http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/tajammal.htm "Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik"] ''Defence Journal'', September 2001</ref> He continued to serve in Peshawar until January 1978 when he was replaced by Lt Gen [[Fazle Haq]].<ref>Rahimullah Yusufzai. [http://www.afghanistannewscenter.com/news/2001/may/may10n2001.html "Change of Guard at Peshawar's 11th Corps"] ''The News'', 10 May 2001</ref> In 1978, Lt Gen Sawar Khan moved to Lahore to take over IV Corps as its Corps Commander. He took over from Lt Gen [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Iqbal Khan]] who proceeded as the Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VOAS), a newly created post.
 
==Martial Law Administrator of Punjab==
When Zia imposed martial law, the then Lt Gen Sawar Khan was sent as the governor of Punjab province in 1978, in addition to his responsibilities as Commander IV Corps, Lahore. He was part of small coterie of generals under General Zia ul-Haq, who determined the national security policies in the martial regime. The other generals were Lt Gen Faiz Ali Chishti (Commander X Corps, Rawalpindi), Lt Gen Jehanzeb Arbab ([[Governor of Sindh]] and Commander V Corps, Karachi), Lt Gen [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Iqbal Khan]] (CJCSC), and the other military governors of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan [[Fazle Haq]] and [[Rahimuddin Khan]].<ref>Rizwan Hussain. [http://books.google.com/books?id=TRW_M_xybyYC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=x+corps+rawalpindi&source=web&ots=6eYZCeRyaH&sig=ymmhRi4nuxjr00Sp3yiaamd1oXI&hl=en "Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan"] ''Ashgate Publishing'', 2005, ISBN 0-7546-4434-0</ref>
 
After two-year stint, he was replaced with Lt Gen Ghulam Jilani Khan and promoted to four-star general.
 
After two-year stint, he was replaced with Lt Gen Ghulam Jilani Khan and promoted to four-star general.
{{Infobox order
| title          = Nishan-e-Imtiaz
| image          =
| caption        = Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Order of Excellence), 3rd class. (1986–present)
| awarded_by      = the Sovereign, on the advice of the Government
| type            = Award
| motto          =
| day            = 14 August
| eligibility    = Pakistani or Foreign citizen
| for            = The highest degree of service to the state, and for services to international diplomacy.
| status          = Currently constituted
| head_title      = Sovereign
| head            = [[President of Pakistan]]
| head2_title    = Sovereign
| head2          = [[Prime minister of Pakistan]]
| commander      =
| grades          = {{ubl|5 grade: Star (1st Class)|Badge (Second Class)|Ribbon (military only)|Collar Chain (4th class)|Medal (5th Class)<ref>Note: It is usually given all together. Only Military officers from Pakistan Defence Forces are awarded the ribbon which is attached to their respected uniform</ref>}}
| former_grades  =
| date            = 23 March 1956.
| first_induction = 19 March 1957
| last_induction  =
| total          =
| recipients      =
| individual      =
| higher          = ''None''
| lower          = [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz]]
| image2          = [[File:Order of Excellence Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|90px]]
| caption2        = Ribbons: military (only)
}}
 
==Vice Chief of Army Staff==
In March 1980, when the post of the deputy chief of army staff (created by Zia-ul-Haq) was redefined and re-designated as the [[Vice Chief of Army Staff]], General Sawar replaced Lt Gen [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Iqbal Khan]]. General Sawar was replaced by the Zia's deputy General [[Khalid Mahmud Arif]] in March 1984 after completing the four-year term. Sawar was a professional soldier and hailed from the [[Potohar]] plateau of north [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], which had been a traditional recruitment area for the British and the Pakistani armies.<ref>Pakistan under Zia, 1977-1988 By Shahid Javed Burki Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 10 (Oct., 1988), pp. 1082-1100</ref>
 
== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=130}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award‐star|ribbon=Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon - War Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon India Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=QE II Coronation Medal 1953.png|width=130}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''
 
(''Order of Excellence'')
| colspan="2" |'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War]]'''
(''War Star 1971'')
|'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War]]'''
(''War Medal 1965'')
|-
|'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]'''
(''War Medal 1971'')
|'''[[Pakistan Medal|Pakistan Tamgha]]'''
[[Pakistan Medal|''(Pakistan Medal)'']]


==Biography==
'''1947'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-]]'''
'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]'''


Sawar Khan was commissioned into the [[Pakistan Army Corps of Artillery|Regiment of Artillery]] of the [[Indian Army]] in 1946 after his [[Passing out (military)|passing out]] from the [[Officers' Training School, Bangalore|OTS]] in [[Bangalore]].<ref>EAS Bokhari [http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/april/obituary.htm "Late Lt Gen SM Abbasi"] ''Defence Journal'', April 2002</ref> As an [[Captain (army)|army captain]], Sawar served as an instructor gunnery (IG) at the School of Artillery.<ref>{{cite web|title=LATE LT GEN SM ABBASI|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/april/obituary.htm|website=archive.is|accessdate=7 April 2018|date=23 July 2012|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120723140847/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/april/obituary.htm|archivedate=23 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> His combat services witnessed his participation in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|second]] and [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|third war]] with [[India]]. In 1975-76, [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] Sawar was posted in [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] in [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi]] as an [[Adjutant-General]].{{rp|209}}<ref name="Jang Publishers, Malik">{{cite book|last1=Malik|first1=Maj-Gen. Tajammal Hussain|authorlink1=Tajammal Hussain Malik|title=The Story of My Struggle|date=1991|publisher=Jang Publishers|location=Karachi, Pakistan|pages=249|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r8MsAAAAIAAJ&q=major+general+sawar+khan+adjutant+general|accessdate=7 April 2018|language=en-pak|format=snippet view}}</ref>
(''100th Birth Anniversary of''


On 24 March 1976, [[Major-General]] Sawar was informal by then-[[Defence Secretary of Pakistan|Defence Secretary]], [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan|Ghulam Ishaq]], of government's decision of retiring the commissions of seven army generals, with Sawar promoting to [[three-star rank]].{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing, Sehri 2012">{{cite book|last1=Sehri|first1=Inam|title=Judges and Generals of Pakistan Volume - I|date=2012|publisher=Grosvenor House Publishing|isbn=9781781480434|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzllAgAAQBAJ&q=sawar+khan&pg=PT72|accessdate=7 April 2018|language=en-us|format=google books|chapter={{small|§(Who Supported Zia?)}}}}</ref> [[Lieutenant-General]] Sawar Khan was eventually appointed as the field commander of the [[XI Corps (Pakistan)|XI Corps]] based in [[Peshawar Cantonment|Peshawar]].<ref>A.H. Amin [http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/tajammal.htm "Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik"] ''Defence Journal'', September 2001</ref> In 1978, [[Lieutenant-General|Lt-Gen.]] Sawar Khan was posted as a field commander of the [[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]] in [[Lahore Cantonment|Lahore]], taking over the command by Lt-Gen. [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Iqbal Khan]].<ref>Rahimullah Yusufzai. [http://www.afghanistannewscenter.com/news/2001/may/may10n2001.html "Change of Guard at Peshawar's 11th Corps"] ''The News'', 10 May 2001</ref><ref name="Routledge, Burki, 2018">{{cite book|last1=Burki|first1=Shahid Javed|title=Pakistan: Fifty Years Of Nationhood, Third Edition|date=2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780429978135|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpZNDwAAQBAJ&q=sawar+khan&pg=PT82|accessdate=7 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|Tamgha-e-Jamhuria]]'''
(''Republic Commemoration Medal'')


===Governorship of Punjab and vice-chief of army staff===
'''1956'''
In 1978, Lt-Gen. Sawar was appointed as [[martial law administrator]] and took over the [[Governor of Punjab, Pakistan|governorship]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], performing a difficult task in the province where the [[Democracy in Pakistan|democratic movements]] were taking place.{{rp|34}}<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing Inc., Cloughley, 2008">{{cite book|last1=Cloughley |first1=Brian|title=War, Coups & Terror: Pakistan's Army in Years of Turmoil|via=[[Internet Archive]] |date=2008|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc.|isbn=978-1-60239-698-2|url=https://archive.org/details/warcoupsterrorpa00clou|url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/warcoupsterrorpa00clou/page/34 34] |quote=sawar khan governor. |accessdate=7 April 2018|language=en }}</ref><ref>Rizwan Hussain. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TRW_M_xybyYC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=x+corps+rawalpindi&source=web&ots=6eYZCeRyaH&sig=ymmhRi4nuxjr00Sp3yiaamd1oXI&hl=en "Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan"] ''Ashgate Publishing'', 2005, {{ISBN|0-7546-4434-0}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Hijri Tamgha]]'''
(''Hijri Medal)''


In 1980, Lt-Gen. Sawar Khan was promoted to [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank and was posted as the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)#Vice Chief of Army Staff|Vice Chief of Army Staff]] under President [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] in [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi]]. His views reflected the [[Anti-Russian sentiment|anti-Russian views]] and supported the [[Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Afghanistan|covert operations]] against the Soviet Union [[Soviet–Afghan War|intervened]] in [[Afghanistan]], which he viewed as a direct threat to Pakistan.{{rp|xix}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Service|first1=United States Foreign Broadcast Information|title=Daily Report: People's Republic of China|date=1982|publisher=National Technical Information Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f74sAAAAMAAJ&q=sawar+khan+soviet|accessdate=7 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> In 1984, Lt-Gen. Sawar sought retirement from the military and was eventually replaced by Lt-Gen. [[Khalid Mahmud Arif]]; and by the time, Sawar retired from the army, he built up his reputation in the army as a professional soldier.<ref>"Pakistan under Zia, 1977–1988", by Shahid Javed Burki ''Asian Survey'', Vol. 28, No. 10 (Oct., 1988), pp. 1082–1100</ref>
'''1979'''
|'''[[War Medal 1939-1945|War Medal]]'''
'''[[War Medal 1939-1945|1939-1945]]'''
|'''[[India Service Medal]]'''
[[India Service Medal|'''1939–1945''']]
|'''[[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal|Queen Elizabeth II]]'''
'''[[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal|Coronation Medal]]'''
 
'''(1953)'''
|}
 
=== Foreign Decorations ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" style="background:#006400; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center" |'''Foreign Awards'''
|-
!'''{{flag|UK}}'''
|'''[[War Medal 1939-1945]]'''
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon - War Medal.png|width=130}}
|-
!'''{{flag|UK}}'''
|[[India Service Medal|'''India Service Medal 1939–1945''']]
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon India Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|-
!'''{{flag|UK}}'''
|'''[[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]]'''
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=QE II Coronation Medal 1953.png|width=130}}
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Gang of Four (Pakistan)|Gang of Four in Pakistan Army]]
*[[Gang of Four (Pakistan)|Gang of Four in Pakistan Army]]
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Army Staff]]|years=1980–1984}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Khalid Mahmud Arif]]}}
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Latest revision as of 04:50, 13 October 2022

Sawar Khan
NI(M) HI(M) SBT
1st Vice Chief of Army Staff
In office
1 May 1980 – 23 March 1984
PresidentMuhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Succeeded byGeneral Khalid Mahmud Arif
Personal details
Born
Sawar Khan

1 December 1924
Rawalpindi District, British Raj
Resting placeRawalpindi
NationalityPakistani
Spouse(s)Khadijah Bano
ResidenceWestridge 1 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Alma materOfficers' Training School (Bangalore, India)
AwardsNishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)

Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)

Sitara-e-Basalat
Military service
Allegiance
Branch/service
Years of service1946-1984
RankGeneral
UnitArtillery
Commands
Battles/wars
Post-Retirement WorkCommunity Service President Northern University, Nowshera Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa

General Sawar Khan سوار خان, NI(M) is an ex-four-star general of the Pakistan Army who was the Governor of the largest province, Punjab and the Vice Chief of Army Staff during the era of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, when Zia was simultaneously the Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) and the President of Pakistan.

Military career[edit | edit source]

Sawar Khan was commissioned before the independence of Pakistan in 1947 into the Indian Army's Corps of Artillery. He later opted for Pakistan Army in 1947. As a captain, Sawar became the Instructor Gunnery (IG) at the Artillery School.[1]

General Officer[edit | edit source]

He was promoted to Lt General on 24 March 1976 by General Zia-ul-Haq after he became the Chief of Army Staff superseding five other generals. Sawar Khan who at the time was serving as Adjutant General (AG) at the GHQ was sent as the Commander XI Corps, Peshawar, where he replaced the recently superseded Lt Gen Majeed Malik.[2] He continued to serve in Peshawar until January 1978 when he was replaced by Lt Gen Fazle Haq.[3] In 1978, Lt Gen Sawar Khan moved to Lahore to take over IV Corps as its Corps Commander. He took over from Lt Gen Iqbal Khan who proceeded as the Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VOAS), a newly created post.

Martial Law Administrator of Punjab[edit | edit source]

When Zia imposed martial law, the then Lt Gen Sawar Khan was sent as the governor of Punjab province in 1978, in addition to his responsibilities as Commander IV Corps, Lahore. He was part of small coterie of generals under General Zia ul-Haq, who determined the national security policies in the martial regime. The other generals were Lt Gen Faiz Ali Chishti (Commander X Corps, Rawalpindi), Lt Gen Jehanzeb Arbab (Governor of Sindh and Commander V Corps, Karachi), Lt Gen Iqbal Khan (CJCSC), and the other military governors of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan Fazle Haq and Rahimuddin Khan.[4]

After two-year stint, he was replaced with Lt Gen Ghulam Jilani Khan and promoted to four-star general.

After two-year stint, he was replaced with Lt Gen Ghulam Jilani Khan and promoted to four-star general.

Nishan-e-Imtiaz
Awarded by the Sovereign, on the advice of the Government
TypeAward
EligibilityPakistani or Foreign citizen
Awarded forThe highest degree of service to the state, and for services to international diplomacy.
StatusCurrently constituted
SovereignPresident of Pakistan
SovereignPrime minister of Pakistan
Grades
  • 5 grade: Star (1st Class)
  • Badge (Second Class)
  • Ribbon (military only)
  • Collar Chain (4th class)
  • Medal (5th Class)[5]
Statistics
First induction19 March 1957
Precedence
Next (higher)None
Next (lower)Hilal-i-Imtiaz

Ribbons: military (only)

Vice Chief of Army Staff[edit | edit source]

In March 1980, when the post of the deputy chief of army staff (created by Zia-ul-Haq) was redefined and re-designated as the Vice Chief of Army Staff, General Sawar replaced Lt Gen Iqbal Khan. General Sawar was replaced by the Zia's deputy General Khalid Mahmud Arif in March 1984 after completing the four-year term. Sawar was a professional soldier and hailed from the Potohar plateau of north Punjab, which had been a traditional recruitment area for the British and the Pakistani armies.[6]

Awards and decorations[edit | edit source]

Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Nishan-e-Imtiaz

(Military)

(Order of Excellence)

Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War

(War Star 1971)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War

(War Medal 1965)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War

(War Medal 1971)

Pakistan Tamgha

(Pakistan Medal)

1947

Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-

Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam

(100th Birth Anniversary of

Muhammad Ali Jinnah)

Tamgha-e-Jamhuria

(Republic Commemoration Medal)

1956

Hijri Tamgha

(Hijri Medal)

1979

War Medal

1939-1945

India Service Medal

1939–1945

Queen Elizabeth II

Coronation Medal

(1953)

Foreign Decorations[edit | edit source]

Foreign Awards
 UK War Medal 1939-1945 Template:Ribbon devices/alt
 UK India Service Medal 1939–1945 Template:Ribbon devices/alt
 UK Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal Template:Ribbon devices/alt

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ EAS Bokhari "Late Lt Gen SM Abbasi" Defence Journal, April 2002
  2. ↑ A.H. Amin "Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik" Defence Journal, September 2001
  3. ↑ Rahimullah Yusufzai. "Change of Guard at Peshawar's 11th Corps" The News, 10 May 2001
  4. ↑ Rizwan Hussain. "Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan" Ashgate Publishing, 2005, ISBN 0-7546-4434-0
  5. ↑ Note: It is usually given all together. Only Military officers from Pakistan Defence Forces are awarded the ribbon which is attached to their respected uniform
  6. ↑ Pakistan under Zia, 1977-1988 By Shahid Javed Burki Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 10 (Oct., 1988), pp. 1082-1100

See also[edit | edit source]

Political offices
Preceded by
Aslam Riaz Hussain 		Governor of Punjab
1978–1980 		Succeeded by
Ghulam Jilani Khan
Military offices
Preceded by
Iqbal Khan 		Vice Chief of Army Staff
1980–1984 		Succeeded by
Khalid Mahmud Arif

Template:Pakistan Army Staff Chief Template:Governors of Punjab

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