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|date2019 = September 3 | |date2019 = September 3 | ||
|date2020 = August 23 | |date2020 = August 23 | ||
|date2021 = September 10 | |||
|celebrations = 1 day | |celebrations = 1 day | ||
|observances = [[Micchami Dukkadam]] (Asking for forgiveness), [[Pratikramana]] (Introspection) | |observances = [[Micchami Dukkadam]] (Asking for forgiveness), [[Pratikramana]] (Introspection) | ||
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{{Jainism}} | {{Jainism}} | ||
''''' | '''''Saṃvatsari''''' ({{lang-sa|संवत्सरी}}) (lit. Annual Day or fig. Forgiveness Day) is the last day of ''[[Paryushana]]'' [[Shwetambar]] sect of [[Jainism]]. It falls on [[Paksha#Shukla Paksha|Shukla]] [[Panchami]] each year in the [[Jain calendar]] month of [[Bhadrapada]], somewhere between the middle of August and September in the [[Gregorian calendar]]. | ||
On this day, Jains forgive and seek [[forgiveness]] for their mistakes committed knowingly or unknowingly from all the living beings. A yearly, elaborate penitential retreat called "''samvatsari [[pratikramana]]''" is performed on this day. After the ''pratikramana'', Jains seek forgiveness from all the creatures of the world, including friends and relatives by uttering the phrase — ''[[Micchami Dukkadam]]'' or its variants like "Khamau Sa", "Uttam Kshama" or "Khamat Khamna". | On this day, Jains forgive and seek [[forgiveness]] for their mistakes committed knowingly or unknowingly from all the living beings. A yearly, elaborate penitential retreat called "''samvatsari [[pratikramana]]''" is performed on this day. After the ''pratikramana'', Jains seek forgiveness from all the creatures of the world, including friends and relatives by uttering the phrase — ''[[Micchami Dukkadam]]'' or its variants like "Khamau Sa", "Uttam Kshama" or "Khamat Khamna". | ||
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As a matter of ritual, they personally greet their friends and relatives [[Micchami Dukkadam]]. No private quarrel or dispute may be carried beyond Saṃvatsarī and messages, telephone calls are made to the outstation friends and relatives asking their forgiveness.<ref>Hastings, James (2003), Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 10, Kessinger Publishing {{ISBN|978-0-7661-3682-3}} p.876</ref> | As a matter of ritual, they personally greet their friends and relatives [[Micchami Dukkadam]]. No private quarrel or dispute may be carried beyond Saṃvatsarī and messages, telephone calls are made to the outstation friends and relatives asking their forgiveness.<ref>Hastings, James (2003), Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 10, Kessinger Publishing {{ISBN|978-0-7661-3682-3}} p.876</ref> | ||
Being the holiest day of the [[Jain calendar]],<ref>{{cite book | last =Shah | first =Nathubhai | title =Jainism: The World of Conquerors | publisher =Sussex Academy Press | date =1998 | location =Sussex | series =Volume I and II | isbn =1-898723-30-3 }} p. 212</ref><ref>{{cite news| | Being the holiest day of the [[Jain calendar]],<ref>{{cite book | last =Shah | first =Nathubhai | title =Jainism: The World of Conquerors | publisher =Sussex Academy Press | date =1998 | location =Sussex | series =Volume I and II | isbn =1-898723-30-3 }} p. 212</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/13/stories/2007091353590500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107050613/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/13/stories/2007091353590500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-07|title=Jains pray for peace, brotherhood |date=2007-09-13|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date= 2009-11-11}}</ref> many Jains observe a complete fast on this day. | ||
== ''Samvatsari'' and ''Kshamavaani'' == | == ''Samvatsari'' and ''Kshamavaani'' == | ||
While ''Samvatsari'' and ''[[ | While ''Samvatsari'' and ''[[shamavaani]]'' are typically associated with [[Shwetambar]] sect and [[Digambara]] respectively, there is no major difference between the two days and both are observed as Forgiveness Days. Rather, the two are usually used interchangeably. | ||
However, a major difference between the two is that despite both ''Samvatsari'' and ''Kshamavaani'' falling on the last day of [[Paryushan]], they are in fact two different days. This is because the [[Paryushan]] festival for the two sects itself commences on different dates and is of varying duration. | However, a major difference between the two is that despite both ''Samvatsari'' and ''Kshamavaani'' falling on the last day of [[Paryushan]], they are in fact two different days. This is because the [[Paryushan]] festival for the two sects itself commences on different dates and is of varying duration. | ||
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[[Category:Jain festivals]] | [[Category:Jain festivals]] | ||
[[Category:Festivals in India]] | [[Category:Festivals in India]] | ||
[[Category:Jain practices]] | [[Category:Jain practices]] | ||
{{Jainism-stub}} | {{Jainism-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:44, 24 January 2022
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2018) |
| Samvatsari | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Official name | Samvatsari Pajushan |
| Also called | Forgiveness Day |
| Observed by | Swetambar sect of Jains worldwide |
| Liturgical Color | White |
| Type | Cultural |
| Significance | Last day of Paryushan festival, on which Jains forgive and seek forgiveness from all living beings |
| Celebrations | 1 day |
| Observances | Micchami Dukkadam (Asking for forgiveness), Pratikramana (Introspection) |
| Date | Bhadrapada Shukla Panchami |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Related to | Paryushan, Kshamavaani |
| Part of a series on |
| Jainism |
|---|
 |
Saṃvatsari (Sanskrit: संवत्सरी) (lit. Annual Day or fig. Forgiveness Day) is the last day of Paryushana Shwetambar sect of Jainism. It falls on Shukla Panchami each year in the Jain calendar month of Bhadrapada, somewhere between the middle of August and September in the Gregorian calendar.
On this day, Jains forgive and seek forgiveness for their mistakes committed knowingly or unknowingly from all the living beings. A yearly, elaborate penitential retreat called "samvatsari pratikramana" is performed on this day. After the pratikramana, Jains seek forgiveness from all the creatures of the world, including friends and relatives by uttering the phrase — Micchami Dukkadam or its variants like "Khamau Sa", "Uttam Kshama" or "Khamat Khamna".
Etymology[edit | edit source]
Samvatsari is derived Sanskrit language. Samvatsara refers to a "year" in Vedic literature such as the Rigveda and other ancient texts.[1] Thus, Samvatsari literally refers to a day that comes annually.
Customs and Traditions[edit | edit source]
As a matter of ritual, they personally greet their friends and relatives Micchami Dukkadam. No private quarrel or dispute may be carried beyond Saṃvatsarī and messages, telephone calls are made to the outstation friends and relatives asking their forgiveness.[2]
Being the holiest day of the Jain calendar,[3][4] many Jains observe a complete fast on this day.
Samvatsari and Kshamavaani[edit | edit source]
While Samvatsari and shamavaani are typically associated with Shwetambar sect and Digambara respectively, there is no major difference between the two days and both are observed as Forgiveness Days. Rather, the two are usually used interchangeably.
However, a major difference between the two is that despite both Samvatsari and Kshamavaani falling on the last day of Paryushan, they are in fact two different days. This is because the Paryushan festival for the two sects itself commences on different dates and is of varying duration.
As a result, while Samvatsari is observed on Shukla Panchami of Bhadrapada month by the Shwetambars, the Digambaras celebrate it on the first day of Ashvin Krishna month of the lunar-based Jain calendar.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Bettina Bäumer; Kapila Vatsyayan (1992). Kalātattvakośa: A Lexicon of Fundamental Concepts of the Indian Arts. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 215–216. ISBN 978-81-208-1044-0.
- ↑ Hastings, James (2003), Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 10, Kessinger Publishing ISBN 978-0-7661-3682-3 p.876
- ↑ Shah, Nathubhai (1998). Jainism: The World of Conquerors. Volume I and II. Sussex: Sussex Academy Press. ISBN 1-898723-30-3. p. 212
- ↑ "Jains pray for peace, brotherhood". The Hindu. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
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