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'''[[Kaviraj|Kavi]] Bilhana''' was an 11th-century [[Telugu people|Kashmiri]] [[poet]]. He is known for his love poem, the ''[[Caurapañcāśikā]]''.
'''[[Kaviraj|Kavi]] Bilhana''' was an 11th-century [[Kashmiri Pandits|Kashmiri]] [[poet]]. He is known for his love poem, the ''[[Caurapañcāśikā]]''.


According to legend,  Bilhana fell in love with the daughter of King Madanabhirama, Princess Yaminipurnatilaka, and had a secretive love affair. Bilhana  kavi came to rajya for to learn Chandassu . They were discovered, and Bilhana was thrown into prison. While awaiting judgement, he wrote the ''Caurapâñcâśikâ'', a fifty-[[stanza]] love poem, not knowing whether he would be sent into exile or die on the gallows. It is unknown what fate Bilhana encountered. Nevertheless, his poem was transmitted orally around [[India]]. There are several versions, including ones from [[South India]] which had a happy ending; the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] version does not specify what the outcome was. The ''Caurapâñcâśikâ'' was first translated into a European language, [[French language|French]], in 1848.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ariel |first=M |title=Tchorapantchaçat |journal= Journal Asiatique, Quatrième Serie, Tome XI, p. 469-534 |year=1848 }}</ref> Subsequently, it was translated several other times. Notable translations are those of Sir [[Edwin Arnold]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arnold |first=Edwin |title=The Chaurapanchāsika: an Indian Love-Lament |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and co. |year=1896 }}</ref>(London 1896) and [[Edward Powys Mathers]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathers |first=Edward Powys |title=Black Marigolds |publisher=B.H. Blackwell |year=1919 }}</ref> (Oxford, 1919) titled ''Black Marigolds''. This latter version was quoted extensively by [[John Steinbeck]] in ''[[Cannery Row (novel)|Cannery Row]]''.
According to legend,  Bilhana fell in love with the daughter of King Madanabhirama, Princess Yaminipurnatilaka, and had a secretive love affair. Bilhana  kavi came to rajya for to learn Chandassu . They were discovered, and Bilhana was thrown into prison. While awaiting judgement, he wrote the ''Caurapâñcâśikâ'', a fifty-[[stanza]] love poem, not knowing whether he would be sent into exile or die on the gallows. It is unknown what fate Bilhana encountered. Nevertheless, his poem was transmitted orally around [[India]]. There are several versions, including ones from [[South India]] which had a happy ending; the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] version does not specify what the outcome was. The ''Caurapâñcâśikâ'' was first translated into a European language, [[French language|French]], in 1848.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ariel |first=M |title=Tchorapantchaçat |journal= Journal Asiatique |series=Quatrième Serie |volume=11 |pages=469–534 |year=1848 }}</ref> Subsequently, it was translated several other times. Notable translations are those of Sir [[Edwin Arnold]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arnold |first=Edwin |title=The Chaurapanchāsika: an Indian Love-Lament |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and co. |year=1896 }}</ref>(London 1896) and [[Edward Powys Mathers]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathers |first=Edward Powys |title=Black Marigolds |publisher=B.H. Blackwell |year=1919 }}</ref> (Oxford, 1919) titled ''Black Marigolds''. This latter version was quoted extensively by [[John Steinbeck]] in ''[[Cannery Row (novel)|Cannery Row]]''.


Bilhana left his homeland in search of fame and fortune.  He wandered through Mathura, Kanuj, Prayaga, Varanasi, Somnath, Kalyan and Rameswaram but luck eluded him.<ref>Sreedharan, E, "A Textbook of Historiography: 500 BC to AD 2000". New Delhi, Oreient Black Swan, 2004,p. 326 {{ISBN|81-250-2657-6}} [https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Textbook_of_Historiography_500_B_C_to.html?id=jJVoi3PIejwC]</ref> But while trekking back through Kalyan, [[Western Chalukya Empire]] King [[Vikramaditya VI]] appointed him as Vidyapathi. Bilhana rewarded his patron by composing in his honor an epic ''Vikramankadevacharita''.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=52–53}}</ref>
Bilhana left his homeland in search of fame and fortune.  He wandered through Mathura, Kanuj, Prayaga, Varanasi, Somnath, Kalyan and Rameswaram but luck eluded him.<ref>Sreedharan, E, "A Textbook of Historiography: 500 BC to AD 2000". New Delhi, Oreient Black Swan, 2004,p. 326 {{ISBN|81-250-2657-6}} [https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Textbook_of_Historiography_500_B_C_to.html?id=jJVoi3PIejwC]</ref> But while trekking back through Kalyan, [[Western Chalukya Empire]] King [[Vikramaditya VI]] appointed him as Vidyapathi. Bilhana rewarded his patron by composing in his honor an epic ''Vikramankadevacharita''.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=52–53}}</ref>

Latest revision as of 17:04, 24 January 2022

Kavi Bilhana was an 11th-century Kashmiri poet. He is known for his love poem, the Caurapañcāśikā.

According to legend, Bilhana fell in love with the daughter of King Madanabhirama, Princess Yaminipurnatilaka, and had a secretive love affair. Bilhana kavi came to rajya for to learn Chandassu . They were discovered, and Bilhana was thrown into prison. While awaiting judgement, he wrote the Caurapâñcâśikâ, a fifty-stanza love poem, not knowing whether he would be sent into exile or die on the gallows. It is unknown what fate Bilhana encountered. Nevertheless, his poem was transmitted orally around India. There are several versions, including ones from South India which had a happy ending; the Kashmiri version does not specify what the outcome was. The Caurapâñcâśikâ was first translated into a European language, French, in 1848.[1] Subsequently, it was translated several other times. Notable translations are those of Sir Edwin Arnold[2](London 1896) and Edward Powys Mathers[3] (Oxford, 1919) titled Black Marigolds. This latter version was quoted extensively by John Steinbeck in Cannery Row.

Bilhana left his homeland in search of fame and fortune. He wandered through Mathura, Kanuj, Prayaga, Varanasi, Somnath, Kalyan and Rameswaram but luck eluded him.[4] But while trekking back through Kalyan, Western Chalukya Empire King Vikramaditya VI appointed him as Vidyapathi. Bilhana rewarded his patron by composing in his honor an epic Vikramankadevacharita.[5]

Bilhana is from the period of time when Sanskrit continued to be the language of literature, and is a very important poet of Kashmir from the Medieval period of Indian literature.

See also[edit | edit source]

  • Bilhana, a 1948 film directed by B. N. Rao
  • Bilhana, a 1948 film directed by K. V. Srinivasan

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Ariel, M (1848). "Tchorapantchaçat". Journal Asiatique. Quatrième Serie. 11: 469–534.
  2. ↑ Arnold, Edwin (1896). The Chaurapanchāsika: an Indian Love-Lament. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and co.
  3. ↑ Mathers, Edward Powys (1919). Black Marigolds. B.H. Blackwell.
  4. ↑ Sreedharan, E, "A Textbook of Historiography: 500 BC to AD 2000". New Delhi, Oreient Black Swan, 2004,p. 326 ISBN 81-250-2657-6 [1]
  5. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.

Further reading[edit | edit source]

  • Kawthekar, Prabhakar Narayan (1995), Bilhana, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-81-7201-779-8
  • Introduction to The Secret Delights of Love, Peter Pauper Press (1966).

External links[edit | edit source]


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