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{{Short description|Maharaja of Nabha from 1911–1928}} | |||
{{morefootnotes|date=February 2020}} | {{morefootnotes|date=February 2020}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}} | ||
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| name = Ripudaman Singh | | name = Ripudaman Singh | ||
| succession = [[Nabha|Maharaja of Nabha]] | | succession = [[Nabha|Maharaja of Nabha]] | ||
| image = | | image = Ripudhaman Singh.jpg | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| title = [[Nabha|Maharaja of Nabha]] | | title = [[Nabha|Maharaja of Nabha]] | ||
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| mother = Jasmir Kaur | | mother = Jasmir Kaur | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1883|3|4}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1883|3|4}} | ||
| birth_place = | | birth_place = [[Nabha]], [[Nabha State]] | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|1942|12|12|1883|3|4|df=y}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|1942|12|12|1883|3|4|df=y}} | ||
| death_place = | | death_place = [[Kodaikanal]], [[Madras Presidency]] [[British India]] | ||
| buried = | | buried = | ||
| signature = | | signature = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Maharaja '''Ripudaman Singh''' (4 March 1883 – 12 December 1942), later known as Sardar Gurcharan Singh, was the Maharaja of Nabha from 1911 to 1928, when he was deposed by the British. He later became an Indian revolutionary. | [[Maharaja]] '''Ripudaman Singh''' (4 March 1883 – 12 December 1942), later known as Sardar Gurcharan Singh, was the [[Maharaja of Nabha]] from 1911 to 1928, when he was deposed by the British. He later became an Indian revolutionary. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Singh was born on 4 March 1883 at Nabha, the only son and heir of Hira Singh. From 1906 to 1908, he was a member of the Imperial Legislative Council, where he spoke on behalf of the Sikh interest and pioneered reformist legislation. He represented Nabha in 1911 at the coronation of George V. | |||
Ripu Daman Singh was born on 4 March 1883 at Nabha, the only son and heir of [[Hira Singh Nabha]]. From 1906 to 1908, he was a member of the [[Imperial Legislative Council of India]], where he spoke on behalf of the Sikh interest and pioneered reformist legislation. He represented Nabha in 1911 at the [[coronation of King George V]]. | |||
==Maharaja== | ==Maharaja== | ||
A staunch Indian nationalist, Ripudaman Singh befriended [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and other prominent leaders of the ''swaraj'' movement. During the First World War, he refused to contribute Nabha state force contingents for the British Indian Army. As a result, he was arguably the only Indian ruler who did not receive any British war service-related honours.<ref name="legacy"/> Shocked by the events of the Amritsar Massacre of Jalianwala Bagh in 1919, he publicly opposed the British, clashing with his distant cousin Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, who was a strong supporter of British rule in India. | Upon his father's death in 1911, Ripudaman Singh ascended the ''gadi'' of Nabha; though recognised as Maharaja, he refused to be crowned by the [[Viceroy of India]] as was then the norm for a senior ruling prince in India.<ref name="legacy"/> Continuing his interest in legal affairs, he reformed the state judiciary and enacted numerous pieces of progressive legislation, including laws providing for female education and a progressive marriage act.<ref name="legacy">{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/legacy-lives-on-tales-from-the-life-of-the-nabha-maharaja-who-took-the-british-head-on/story-MyQLOzfqY3s3GVvNRz9UBM.html |first=Manraj Grewal |last=Sharma |title=Legacy lives on: Tales from the life of the Nabha maharaja who took the British head on |date=3 April 2018 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |accessdate=5 April 2018}}</ref> He also established a legislature and an executive council to govern Nabha. | ||
A staunch Indian nationalist, Ripudaman Singh befriended [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and other prominent leaders of the ''swaraj'' movement. During the First World War, he refused to contribute Nabha state force contingents for the British Indian Army. As a result, he was arguably the only Indian ruler who did not receive any British war service-related honours.<ref name="legacy"/> Shocked by the events of the Amritsar Massacre of Jalianwala Bagh in 1919, he publicly opposed the British, clashing with his distant cousin [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala]], who was a strong supporter of British rule in India. | |||
Ripudaman Singh was granted a local salute of 15-guns in 1921, but he would not stay in British favour for much longer. In 1923, he was forced to relinquish control of Nabha to a British administrator after he was suspected of kidnapping and attempted murder through poisoning. | Ripudaman Singh was granted a local salute of 15-guns in 1921, but he would not stay in British favour for much longer. In 1923, he was forced to relinquish control of Nabha to a British administrator after he was suspected of kidnapping and attempted murder through poisoning. | ||
==Deposition== | ==Deposition== | ||
In 1923, Ripudaman Singh agreed to leave Nabha and to settle at Dehra Dun. For this he was granted a large allowance. However, he continued to intrigue and attempt to regain control of Nabha to some degree. In 1927, he went on pilgrimage to Sri Abichal Nagar Hazur Sahib and retook the Khalsa initiation rites, taking the name of Gurcharan Singh. The next year, he was formally deposed by the British for sedition and succeeded by his eldest son, Pratap Singh. He was stripped of his rank and titles and exiled to Kodaikanal in the Madras Presidency. Thereafter, he was known officially as Gurcharan Singh. | |||
In 1923, Ripudaman Singh agreed to leave Nabha and to settle at Dehra Dun. For this he was granted a large allowance. However, he continued to intrigue and attempt to regain control of Nabha to some degree. In 1927, he went on pilgrimage to Sri Abichal Nagar Hazur Sahib and retook the Khalsa initiation rites, taking the name of Gurcharan Singh. The next year, he was formally deposed by the British for sedition and succeeded by his eldest son, [[Pratap Singh Nabha]]. He was stripped of his rank and titles and exiled to [[Kodaikanal]] in the [[Madras Presidency]]. Thereafter, he was known officially as Gurcharan Singh. | |||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Ripudaman Singh died at Kodaikanal on 12 December 1942, aged 59. He had been succeeded in 1928 by his eldest son, Pratap Singh. | |||
Ripudaman Singh died at Kodaikanal on 12 December 1942, aged 59. He had been succeeded in 1928 by his eldest son, [[Pratap Singh Nabha]]. | |||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
Ripudaman Singh married three times, twice to ladies of royal blood and once morganatically: | Ripudaman Singh married three times, twice to ladies of royal blood and once morganatically: | ||
*1. Jagdish Kaur (1884-20 February 1925). Married at Nabha in 1901. She had a daughter: | *1. Jagdish Kaur (1884-20 February 1925). Married at Nabha in 1901. She had a daughter: | ||
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==Titles== | ==Titles== | ||
*1883-1911: [[Sri]] [[Heir apparent|Tikka]] [[Sahib]] Ripudaman Singh | *1883-1911: [[Sri]] [[Heir apparent|Tikka]] [[Sahib]] Ripudaman Singh | ||
*1911-1927: [[His Highness]] Farzand-i-Arjumand, Aqidat-Paiwand-i-Daulat-i-Angrezistan, Brar Bains Sarmour, Raja-i-Rajagan, [[Maharaja]] Shri Ripudaman Singh Malvinder Bahadur, [[Maharaja]] of [[Nabha]] | *1911-1927: [[His Highness]] Farzand-i-Arjumand, Aqidat-Paiwand-i-Daulat-i-Angrezistan, Brar Bains Sarmour, Raja-i-Rajagan, [[Maharaja]] Shri Ripudaman Singh Malvinder Bahadur, [[Maharaja]] of [[Nabha]] | ||
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==Honours== | ==Honours== | ||
*[[Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society]] (FRGS) | *[[Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society]] (FRGS) | ||
*Delhi Durbar | *[[Delhi Durbar Medal]]-1903 | ||
*[[King George V Coronation Medal]] w/Delhi Durbar Clasp-1911 | *[[King George V Coronation Medal]] w/Delhi Durbar Clasp-1911 | ||
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[[Category:Maharajas of Nabha]] | [[Category:Maharajas of Nabha]] | ||
[[Category:Members of the Imperial Legislative Council of India]] | [[Category:Members of the Imperial Legislative Council of India]] | ||
[[Category:Dethroned monarchs]] | |||