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{{Short description|Gond king and founder of Nagpur city}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Bakht Buland Shah
|name = Bakht Buland Shah
| title = Gond King
|title = ''Raja''
|image = Gond_king_of_nagpur.jpg
|image = Portait of Bakht Buland Shah.png
| image_size = 250px
|image_size = 200px
|caption= Statue of Gond King in [[Nagpur]], [[India]].
|caption= Portrait of Bakht Buland Shah, the Gond king of [[Deogarh, Madhya Pradesh|Deogarh]] and founder of [[Nagpur]]
| succession =
|succession = [[Nagpur Kingdom|King of Nagpur]]
|reign = 17th Century
|reign = 1668<ref name="man">{{cite book |last1=Bahadur) |first1=Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai |title=Man in India |date=1979 |publisher=A. K. Bose |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Man_in_India/1O9EAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>-1706
|coronation =
|coronation =
|predecessor= Kok shah
|predecessor= Kok shah (1617-1660)
|successor = [[Chand Sultan]]
|successor = [[Chand Sultan]] (1706-1739)
|spouses =
|spouses =
|issue = [[Chand Sultan]], Wali Shah
|full name =
|full name =
|house =
|house = [[Gonds of Deogarh]]
|dynasty = Rajgond
|dynasty = Rajgond
|father =  
|father = Kok Shah
|mother =
|mother =
|birth_date =  
|birth_date =  
|birth_place =  
|birth_place =  
|birth_name = Bhagtu<ref name="google.co.in">{{cite book |title=Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India |date=1976 |publisher=Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Bulletin_of_the_Anthropological_Survey_o/hvK-QHwRM9YC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>
|death_date  =  
|death_date  =  
|death_place =  
|death_place =  
|date of burial  =  
|date of burial  =  
|place of burial =
|place of burial = Juni Shukrawari<ref name="scrap">{{cite book |last1=Dec 5 |first1=Proshun Chakraborty / TNN / |title=Scrap dealer holds key to entry into Bakht Buland Shah's grave {{!}} Nagpur News  |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Scrap-dealer-holds-key-to-entry-into-Bakht-Buland-Shahs-grave/articleshow/45378781.cms |language=en}}</ref>
}}
}}
[[File:Gond_king_of_nagpur.jpg|thumb|Statue of Bakht Buland Shah in Nagpur, India.]]


'''Bakht Buland Shah''' was a ruler of the [[Gondi people|Rajgond]] dynasty. He added to his kingdom, the territories of Chanda and [[Mandla]], and portions of [[Nagpur]], [[Balaghat]], [[Seoni]], and [[Bhandara]]. He also annexed the adjoining Rajput kingdom of Kherla. The present districts of [[Chhindwara]] and [[Betul District|Betul]] also fell under his control. A great warrior, he went on to conquer Pauni, Dongartal, Sivni&Katangi.
'''Bakht Buland Shah''' was a ruler of the [[Gondi people|Rajgond]] dynasty. He added to his kingdom, the territories of Chanda and [[Mandla]], and portions of [[Nagpur]], [[Balaghat]], [[Seoni]], [[Bhandara]] and the adjoining Rajput kingdom of Kherla/Khedla.<ref>{{cite book |title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Bhandara |date=1979 |publisher=Director of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Maharashtra_State_Gazetteers_Bhandara/WK9hAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> The present districts of [[Chhindwara]] and [[Betul District|Betul]] also fell under his control. A great warrior, he went on to conquer Pauni, Dongartal, Sivni & Katangi.<ref name= "community"/>


History idolizes him as the founder of the [[Nagpur]] city. Bakht Buland Shah founded the city of Nagpur by joining the twelve small villages formerly known as Rajapur Barsa or Barasta. In 1702 Many towns and villages were founded. All the smaller villages were merged. After giving a proper shape to his kingdom, he encouraged people to settle and thus facilitated trade & Commerce. His rule epitomizes an era of great reforms. Agriculture, trade, and commerce made considerable advances. He constructed a Mosque in the Fort of Nagpur which initiated the Islamic religion & culture in Nagpur.
==Ascension to the thone==
Bakht Buland's initial name was Bhagtu.<ref name="man"/><ref name="google.co.in">{{cite book |title=Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India |date=1976 |publisher=Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Bulletin_of_the_Anthropological_Survey_o/hvK-QHwRM9YC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> After his father Kok Shah's death, a war of succession broke out. To save his throne from his brother, Bakht Buland went to [[Delhi]] in 1686<ref name="balaghat">{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh: Balaghat |date=1992 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Madhya_Pradesh_Balaghat/NCduAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jatba&dq=jatba&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> and reluctantly accepted [[Islam]]<ref name="balaghat"/><ref name="community">{{cite book |last1=Kurup |first1=Ayyappan Madhava |title=Continuity and Change in a Little Community |date=1986 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCNfWRGXd04C&q=king+of+deogarh+chand+sultan&pg=PA8 |language=en}}</ref> to get military assistance from the emperor [[Aurangzeb]] against his brother but with an understanding that he would dine with Muslims<ref name="medieval nagpur">{{cite book |title=Medieval PERIOD (Complete History of Nagpur) |date=16 July 2021 |url=https://www.nagpurpulse.com/medieval-period/}}</ref> but continue to accept brides from the Gonds. As a result, his descendants continued to have marital relations with the Rajgonds and performed marriages according to Hindu rites followed by those of the Islamic religion.<ref name="medieval nagpur"/><ref name="vidarbha"/> In exchange, he was recognized as the Raja of Deogarh.<ref name="community"/> With [[Aurangzeb]]'s help, he was firmly established as the ruler of Deogarh in 1668.<ref name="man"/>


Bakht Buland starts off in the service of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor, [[Aurangzeb]], embracing Islam, and is officially recognised as the raja of [[Deogarh, Madhya Pradesh|Deogarh]] by the Mughal court.
==Reign==
Bakht Bulund Shah is said to later rebel against the Mughals and snatch portions of their territory, during the Mughal war against the Marathas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gond King |url=http://nagpur.nic.in/zpnagpur/English/history.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531051603/http://nagpur.nic.in/zpnagpur/English/history.htm |archivedate=2014-05-31 }}</ref>
Bakht Buland Shah later rebelled against the Mughals in 1700 and snatch portions of their territory, when the empire had grown weak due to the long Mughal war against the Marathas.<ref name= "community"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Gond King |url=http://nagpur.nic.in/zpnagpur/English/history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531051603/http://nagpur.nic.in/zpnagpur/English/history.htm |archive-date=2014-05-31 }}</ref> He even plundered the Mughal territory<ref name= "community"/> on both sides of the [[Wardha River|Wardha]].<ref name="berar">{{cite book |last1=Sil |first1=Jogendra Nath |title=History of the Central Provinces and Berar |date=1917 |publisher=J.N. Sil |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/History_of_the_Central_Provinces_and_Ber/emxBAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> Thus Deogarh, for a brief period, stood as a semi-independent or practically independent kingdom.<ref name="madhya pradesh">{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |last2=Krishnan |first2=V. S. |title=Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Chhindwara |date=1995 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Madhya_Pradesh_District_Gazetteers_Chhin/xSELAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> Thus he earned the disfavour of [[Aurangzeb]]. Aurangzeb thereupon ordered that the title Bakht Buland meaning ‘of high fortune’ should be changed to Nigun Bakht-of mean fortune. Nothing is known of the army sent to punish Bakht.<ref name="medieval nagpur"/>


==Life==
He was ceded the district of Seoni, Chauri, Dongartal and Ghansour<ref name="berar"/> by [[Garha Kingdom|Narendra Shah of Mandla]] for his aid against the latter's cousins.<ref>{{cite book |title=Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112050248951 and Others |date=2013 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Host_Bibliographic_Record_for_Boundwith/4b4uPjJJFOkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> He also added the domain of the [[Chandrapur|Gond rajas of Chanda]] to his domain.<ref name="society">{{cite book |last1=Society (MANCHESTER) |first1=Northern Central British India |title=Proceedings of a Public Meeting for the formation of The Northern Central British India Society held in the Corn Exchange, Manchester, on Wednesday evening, August 26th, 1840 |date=1840 |publisher=Northern Central British India Society |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Proceedings_of_a_Public_Meeting_for_the/gSFYAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bakht+buland+shah&pg=RA2-PA8&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> His kingdom included the present day districts of [[Chhindwara]], [[Betul District|Betul]], [[Balaghat district|Balaghat]], [[Seoni district|Sivni]] (Seoni) and [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]].<ref name="vidarbha"/>
A prince of the kingdom of Deogarh-Nagpur. The next Raja of [[Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh|Deogarh]] was [[Chand Sultan]], who resided principally in the country below the hills, fixing his capital at [[Nagpur]] which he made a walled town. On Chand Sultan's death in 1739, Wali Shah, an illegitimate son of Bakht Buland, usurped the throne and Chand Sultan's widow invoked the aid of the Maratha leader Raghuji Bhonsle of Berar in the interest of her sons Akbar Shah and Burhan Shah. The usurper was put to death and the rightful heirs placed on the throne. After 1743, a series of [[Maratha]] rulers came to power, starting with [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghoji Bhonsle]], who conquered the territories of Deogarh, Chanda and Chhattisgarh by 1751.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gond King |url=http://nagpur.nic.in/zpnagpur/English/history.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531051603/http://nagpur.nic.in/zpnagpur/English/history.htm |archivedate=2014-05-31 }}</ref>


In 1803 Raghoji II joined the Peshwa against the British in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, but the British prevailed. After Raghoji II's death in 1816, his son Parsaji was deposed and murdered by Mudhoji II. Despite the fact that he had entered into a treaty with the British in the same year, Mudhoji joined the Peshwa in the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1817 against the British, but suffered a defeat at Sitabuldi in present-day Nagpur city. The fierce battle was a turning point as it laid the foundations of the downfall of the Bhonsles and paved the way for the British acquisition of Nagpur city. Mudhoji was deposed after a temporary restoration to the throne, after which the British placed Raghoji III the grandchild of Raghoji II, on the throne. During the rule of Raghoji III (which lasted till 1840), the region was administered by a British resident. In 1853, the British took control of Nagpur after Raghoji III died without leaving an heir.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gond King|url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaGondwana.htm}}</ref>
History idolizes him as the founder of the [[Nagpur]] city.<ref name="society"/> Bakht Buland Shah founded the city of Nagpur in 1702/1703 (according to different sources)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baum |first1=Tom |last2=Butler |first2=Richard |title=Tourism and Cricket: Travels to the Boundary |date=4 August 2014 |publisher=Channel View Publications |isbn=978-1-84541-453-5 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Tourism_and_Cricket/JJk3BAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bakht+buland+shah&pg=PA158&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name="memory">{{cite book |last1=Rashkow |first1=Ezra |last2=Ghosh |first2=Sanjukta |last3=Chakrabarti |first3=Upal |title=Memory, Identity and the Colonial Encounter in India: Essays in Honour of Peter Robb |date=18 August 2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-351-59694-7 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Memory_Identity_and_the_Colonial_Encount/lJ4xDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bakht+buland+shah&pg=PT229&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name="lulu press">{{cite book |last1=Bobade |first1=Dr Priyanka |title=FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASE: A PRACTICAL GUIDE |date=8 June 2021 |publisher=Lulu Press, Inc |isbn=978-1-329-08559-6 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/FINANCIAL_MANAGEMENT_CASE_A_PRACTICAL_GU/rrM2EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bakht+buland+shah&pg=PT24&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> by joining the twelve small villages formerly known as Rajapur Barsa or Barasta.<ref name="gyan">{{cite book |last1=Naik |first1=C. D. |title=Buddhism and Dalits: Social Philosophy and Traditions |date=2010 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-792-8 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Buddhism_and_Dalits/VrlLNltm5dMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bakht+buland+shah&pg=PA199&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> He built roads and a strong wall around the city.<ref name="vidarbha">{{cite book |last1=Deogaonkar |first1=Shashishekhar Gopal |title=The Gonds of Vidarbha |date=2007 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-474-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X39c2VODLT0C&pg=PA16 |language=en}}</ref>
 
In 1702 Many towns and villages were founded.<ref name="society"/><ref name="community"/> All the smaller villages were merged. According to [[Richard Jenkins|Sir Richard Jenkins]]- "He indiscriminately employed Musalmans and Hindus of ability to introduce order and regularity into his immediate domain. Industrious settlers from all quarters were attracted to Gondwana, thousands of villages were founded, and agriculture, manufacture and even commerce made considerable advances. It may be said that much of the success of the Maratha administration was owing to the groundwork established by him."<ref name= "community"/>
 
After giving a proper shape to his kingdom, he encouraged people to settle and thus facilitated trade & Commerce. His rule epitomizes an era of great reforms. Agriculture, trade, and commerce made considerable advances. He constructed a Mosque in the Fort of Nagpur which initiated the Islamic religion & culture in Nagpur. He died in about 1706<ref name="medieval nagpur"/> and was succeeded by his elder son [[Chand Sultan]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:19, 27 June 2022

Bakht Buland Shah
'Raja'
Portait of Bakht Buland Shah.png
Portrait of Bakht Buland Shah, the Gond king of Deogarh and founder of Nagpur
King of Nagpur
Reign1668[1]-1706
PredecessorKok shah (1617-1660)
SuccessorChand Sultan (1706-1739)
BornBhagtu[2]
Burial
Juni Shukrawari[3]
IssueChand Sultan, Wali Shah
HouseGonds of Deogarh
DynastyRajgond
FatherKok Shah
Statue of Bakht Buland Shah in Nagpur, India.

Bakht Buland Shah was a ruler of the Rajgond dynasty. He added to his kingdom, the territories of Chanda and Mandla, and portions of Nagpur, Balaghat, Seoni, Bhandara and the adjoining Rajput kingdom of Kherla/Khedla.[4] The present districts of Chhindwara and Betul also fell under his control. A great warrior, he went on to conquer Pauni, Dongartal, Sivni & Katangi.[5]

Ascension to the thone[edit]

Bakht Buland's initial name was Bhagtu.[1][2] After his father Kok Shah's death, a war of succession broke out. To save his throne from his brother, Bakht Buland went to Delhi in 1686[6] and reluctantly accepted Islam[6][5] to get military assistance from the emperor Aurangzeb against his brother but with an understanding that he would dine with Muslims[7] but continue to accept brides from the Gonds. As a result, his descendants continued to have marital relations with the Rajgonds and performed marriages according to Hindu rites followed by those of the Islamic religion.[7][8] In exchange, he was recognized as the Raja of Deogarh.[5] With Aurangzeb's help, he was firmly established as the ruler of Deogarh in 1668.[1]

Reign[edit]

Bakht Buland Shah later rebelled against the Mughals in 1700 and snatch portions of their territory, when the empire had grown weak due to the long Mughal war against the Marathas.[5][9] He even plundered the Mughal territory[5] on both sides of the Wardha.[10] Thus Deogarh, for a brief period, stood as a semi-independent or practically independent kingdom.[11] Thus he earned the disfavour of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb thereupon ordered that the title Bakht Buland meaning ‘of high fortune’ should be changed to Nigun Bakht-of mean fortune. Nothing is known of the army sent to punish Bakht.[7]

He was ceded the district of Seoni, Chauri, Dongartal and Ghansour[10] by Narendra Shah of Mandla for his aid against the latter's cousins.[12] He also added the domain of the Gond rajas of Chanda to his domain.[13] His kingdom included the present day districts of Chhindwara, Betul, Balaghat, Sivni (Seoni) and Bhandara.[8]

History idolizes him as the founder of the Nagpur city.[13] Bakht Buland Shah founded the city of Nagpur in 1702/1703 (according to different sources)[14][15][16] by joining the twelve small villages formerly known as Rajapur Barsa or Barasta.[17] He built roads and a strong wall around the city.[8]

In 1702 Many towns and villages were founded.[13][5] All the smaller villages were merged. According to Sir Richard Jenkins- "He indiscriminately employed Musalmans and Hindus of ability to introduce order and regularity into his immediate domain. Industrious settlers from all quarters were attracted to Gondwana, thousands of villages were founded, and agriculture, manufacture and even commerce made considerable advances. It may be said that much of the success of the Maratha administration was owing to the groundwork established by him."[5]

After giving a proper shape to his kingdom, he encouraged people to settle and thus facilitated trade & Commerce. His rule epitomizes an era of great reforms. Agriculture, trade, and commerce made considerable advances. He constructed a Mosque in the Fort of Nagpur which initiated the Islamic religion & culture in Nagpur. He died in about 1706[7] and was succeeded by his elder son Chand Sultan.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bahadur), Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai (1979). Man in India. A. K. Bose.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India. Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum. 1976.
  3. ↑ Dec 5, Proshun Chakraborty / TNN /. Scrap dealer holds key to entry into Bakht Buland Shah's grave | Nagpur News.
  4. ↑ Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Bhandara. Director of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State. 1979.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Kurup, Ayyappan Madhava (1986). Continuity and Change in a Little Community. Concept Publishing Company.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Pradesh (India), Madhya (1992). Madhya Pradesh: Balaghat. Government Central Press.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Medieval PERIOD (Complete History of Nagpur). 16 July 2021.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Deogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal (2007). The Gonds of Vidarbha. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-474-5.
  9. ↑ "Gond King". Archived from the original on 2014-05-31.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Sil, Jogendra Nath (1917). History of the Central Provinces and Berar. J.N. Sil.
  11. ↑ Pradesh (India), Madhya; Krishnan, V. S. (1995). Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Chhindwara. Government Central Press.
  12. ↑ Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112050248951 and Others. 2013.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Society (MANCHESTER), Northern Central British India (1840). Proceedings of a Public Meeting for the formation of The Northern Central British India Society held in the Corn Exchange, Manchester, on Wednesday evening, August 26th, 1840. Northern Central British India Society.
  14. ↑ Baum, Tom; Butler, Richard (4 August 2014). Tourism and Cricket: Travels to the Boundary. Channel View Publications. ISBN 978-1-84541-453-5.
  15. ↑ Rashkow, Ezra; Ghosh, Sanjukta; Chakrabarti, Upal (18 August 2017). Memory, Identity and the Colonial Encounter in India: Essays in Honour of Peter Robb. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-59694-7.
  16. ↑ Bobade, Dr Priyanka (8 June 2021). FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASE: A PRACTICAL GUIDE. Lulu Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-329-08559-6.
  17. ↑ Naik, C. D. (2010). Buddhism and Dalits: Social Philosophy and Traditions. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-792-8.
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