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{{Infobox spaceflight
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                 = Space Docking Experiment
| name               = Space Docking Experiment
| image                 =  
| image             =  
| image_caption         =  
| image_caption     =  
| image_size           =  
| image_size         =  
| mission_type         =  
| mission_type       =  
| operator             = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| operator           = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| spacecraft_bus       = [[Indian Mini Satellite bus|IMS]]-2
| spacecraft_bus     = [[Indian Mini Satellite bus|IMS]]-2
| manufacturer         = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| manufacturer       = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| launch_date           = 2021 (planned)
| launch_date       = 2022 (planned)
| launch_rocket         = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]]
| launch_rocket     = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]]
| launch_site           = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| launch_site       = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| launch_contractor     = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
}}
}}
'''SPADEX''' or Space Docking Experiment is a twin spacecraft mission being developed by [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] to mature technologies related to orbital [[Space rendezvous|rendezvous]], [[Spacecraft Docking and Berthing Mechanisms|docking]], [[formation flying]] and remote [[robotic arm]] operations, with scope of applications in human spaceflight, in-space satellite servicing and other proximity operations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/annualreport2018-19.pdf|title=Department of Space Annual Report 2018-19|last=|first=|date=27 May 2019|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527183016/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/annualreport2018-19.pdf|archive-date=27 May 2019|access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref>
'''SPADEX''' or Space Docking Experiment is a twin spacecraft mission being developed by [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] to mature technologies related to orbital [[Space rendezvous|rendezvous]], [[Spacecraft Docking and Berthing Mechanisms|docking]], [[formation flying]] and remote [[robotic arm]] operations, with scope of applications in human spaceflight, in-space satellite servicing and other proximity operations.<ref name="isro-annualreport-2018-2019" />


SPADEX campaign would consist of two [[Indian Mini Satellite bus|IMS-2 class]] (400 kg) satellites, one would be Chaser and other being Target and both would be launched as co-passengers or auxiliary payloads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isro.org/pdf/Outcome%20budget2013-14.pdf|title=Department of Space Outcome Budget 2013-14|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818023003/http://isro.org/pdf/Outcome%20budget2013-14.pdf|archive-date=18 August 2013|access-date=}}</ref> Both spacecraft would be injected into slightly different orbits.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chacko|first=T.|last2=B P|first2=Dakshayani|last3=Vighnesam|first3=N.|last4=Gopinath|first4=N.S.|date=2012-01-01|title=Relative state vector generation algorithm for on board navigation for rendezvous docking experiment|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290556133|volume=7|pages=5313–5316}}</ref>
SPADEX campaign would consist of two [[Indian Mini Satellite bus|IMS-2 class]] (400 kg) satellites, one would be Chaser and other being Target and both would be launched as co-passengers or auxiliary payloads.<ref name="isro-budget-2013-2014" /> Both spacecraft would be injected into slightly different orbits.<ref name="rg-relative" />


Space Docking Experiment is currently scheduled for launch from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] aboard a [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|Polar Satellite launch Vehicle]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/isro-to-demonstrate-docking-of-satellites-next-year-says-sivan/article29558585.ece|title=ISRO's space docking experiment to happen next year, says Sivan|last=Ramesh|first=M.|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2019-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/science/space-science-aditya-isro-xposat-nisar|title=5 Unique Space Science Missions That ISRO Will Be Flying in the Near Future|website=The Wire|access-date=2019-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-hold-space-docking-experiment-next-year-a-step-towards-setting-up-space-station/articleshow/71415073.cms|title=Isro to hold space-docking experiment next year, a step towards setting up space station {{!}} India News - Times of India|last=Oct 3|first=Surendra Singh {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated|last2=2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-03|last3=Ist|first3=2:21}}</ref>
Space Docking Experiment is currently scheduled for launch from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] aboard a [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|Polar Satellite launch Vehicle]].<ref name="hindubl-20190930" /><ref name="thewire-20190627" /><ref name="timesofindia-20191003" />


== Objectives ==
== Objectives ==


* Autonomous rendezvous and docking
* Autonomous rendezvous and docking
* Controlling one spacecraft with Attitude Control System of other spacecraft while in docked configuration.<ref name=":0" />
* Controlling one spacecraft with Attitude Control System of other spacecraft while in docked configuration.<ref name="isro-annualreport-2018-2019" />
* Formation flying
* Formation flying
* Remote robotic arm operations{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}}
* Remote robotic arm operations<ref name="insti-research" /><ref name="isro-respond" /><ref name="isro-research" />


== Status ==  
== Status ==  


With preliminary studies done in 2016,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-project-that-can-aid-refuel-repair-of-satellites-in-space-gets-push/articleshow/58467493.cms|title=ISRO: Isro project that can aid refuel, repair of satellites in space gets push {{!}} India News - Times of India|last=May 2|first=Chethan Kumar {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated|last2=2017|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-02|last3=Ist|first3=12:01}}</ref> Space Docking Experiment was approved by Government of India with initial funding of ₹10 crore cleared in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/ddg_2018_-2019_-_final.pdf|title=Detailed Demands for Grants of Department of Space for 2018-2019|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122113804/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/ddg_2018_-2019_-_final.pdf|archive-date=22 November 2018|access-date=}}</ref> In June 2019, ISRO was looking for proposals to study remote robotic arm operation, rendezvous and docking related technologies on its PSLV fourth stage (PS4) orbital platform.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/orbital_platform-_ao.pdf|title=Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for Orbital platform: An avenue for in-orbit scientific experiments|last=|first=|date=15 June 2019|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002124444/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/orbital_platform-_ao.pdf|archive-date=2 October 2019|access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref>
With preliminary studies done in 2016,<ref name="timesofindia-20170502" /> Space Docking Experiment was approved by Government of India with initial funding of ₹10 crore cleared in 2017.<ref name="isro-grants" /> In June 2019, ISRO was looking for proposals to study remote robotic arm operation, rendezvous and docking related technologies on its PSLV fourth stage (PS4) orbital platform.<ref name="isro-announcement" />


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 38: Line 38:


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|refs=
 
<ref name="hindubl-20190930">
{{Cite news
|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/isro-to-demonstrate-docking-of-satellites-next-year-says-sivan/article29558585.ece
|title=ISRO's space docking experiment to happen next year, says Sivan
|last=Ramesh
|first=M.
|work=The Hindu BusinessLine
|access-date=2 October 2019
|date=1 October 2019
|orig-date=30 September 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415142313/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/isro-to-demonstrate-docking-of-satellites-next-year-says-sivan/article62240583.ece
|archive-date=15 April 2022
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="insti-research">
{{Cite web
|title=Development of end effectors for spacecraft berthing and sample retrieval
|url=https://www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in/research/development-end-effectors-spacecraft-berthing-and-sample-retrieval
|access-date=26 December 2021
|website=www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in
|publisher=[[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]]
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415141738/https://www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in/research/development-end-effectors-spacecraft-berthing-and-sample-retrieval
|archive-date=15 April 2022
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
 
<ref name="isro-announcement">
{{Cite web
|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/orbital_platform-_ao.pdf
|title=Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for Orbital platform: An avenue for in-orbit scientific experiments
|date=15 June 2019
|website=
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002124444/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/orbital_platform-_ao.pdf
|archive-date=2 October 2019
|access-date=2 October 2019
|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="isro-annualreport-2018-2019">
{{Cite web
|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/annualreport2018-19.pdf
|title=Department of Space Annual Report 2018-19
|date=27 May 2019
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527183016/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/annualreport2018-19.pdf
|archive-date=27 May 2019
|access-date=2 October 2019
|publisher=[[Department of Space]]
}}</ref>
 
<ref name="isro-budget-2013-2014">
{{Cite web
|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pdf/budget/Outcome%20budget2013-14.pdf
|title=Department of Space Outcome Budget 2013-14
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205144940/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pdf/budget/Outcome%20budget2013-14.pdf
|archive-date=5 February 2022
|publisher=[[Department of Space]]
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="isro-grants">
{{Cite web
|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/ddg_2018_-2019_-_final.pdf
|title=Detailed Demands for Grants of Department of Space for 2018-2019
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122113804/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/ddg_2018_-2019_-_final.pdf
|archive-date=22 November 2018
|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="isro-research">
{{Cite web
|title=Research Areas in Space 2021
|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/capacity-building/supported-areas-of-research/research_areas_in_space-1.pdf
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415140805/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/capacity-building/supported-areas-of-research/research_areas_in_space-1.pdf
|archive-date=15 April 2022
|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="isro-respond">
{{Cite web
|title=RESPOND Basket 2021
|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/capacity-building/supported-areas-of-research/respond_basket_book_-_final-1.pdf
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226214730/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/capacity-building/supported-areas-of-research/respond_basket_book_-_final-1.pdf
|archive-date=26 December 2021
|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="rg-relative">
{{Cite conference
|last=Chacko
|first=T.
|last2=B P
|first2=Dakshayani
|last3=Vighnesam
|first3=N.
|last4=Gopinath
|first4=N.S.
|date=1 October 2012
|title=Relative state vector generation algorithm for on board navigation for rendezvous docking experiment
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290556133
|volume=7
|pages=5313–5316
|conference=63rd International Astronautical Congress
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="thewire-20190627">
{{Cite news
|url=https://thewire.in/science/space-science-aditya-isro-xposat-nisar
|title=5 Unique Space Science Missions That ISRO Will Be Flying in the Near Future
|work=The Wire
|access-date=2 October 2019
|date=27 June 2019
|last1=Mehta
|first1=Jatan
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415141435/https://thewire.in/science/space-science-aditya-isro-xposat-nisar
|archive-date=15 April 2022
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="timesofindia-20170502">
{{Cite news
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-project-that-can-aid-refuel-repair-of-satellites-in-space-gets-push/articleshow/58467493.cms
|title=ISRO: Isro project that can aid refuel, repair of satellites in space gets push
|first1=Chethan
|last1=Kumar
|work=The Times of India
|access-date=2 October 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104171024/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-project-that-can-aid-refuel-repair-of-satellites-in-space-gets-push/articleshow/58467493.cms
|archive-date=4 November 2021
|url-status=live
|date=2 May 2017
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="timesofindia-20191003">
{{Cite web
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-hold-space-docking-experiment-next-year-a-step-towards-setting-up-space-station/articleshow/71415073.cms
|title=Isro to hold space-docking experiment next year, a step towards setting up space station
|work=The Times of India
|access-date=3 October 2019
|date=3 October 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415141115/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-hold-space-docking-experiment-next-year-a-step-towards-setting-up-space-station/articleshow/71415073.cms
|archive-date=15 April 2022
|url-status=live
|last1=Singh
|first1=Surendra
}}
</ref>
}}


[[Category:Proposed spacecraft]]
[[Category:Proposed spacecraft]]
[[Category:2021 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:2022 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Robotic satellite repair vehicles]]
[[Category:Robotic satellite repair vehicles]]

Latest revision as of 20:08, 15 April 2022

Space Docking Experiment
OperatorISRO
COSPAR ID{{#property:P247}}
Spacecraft properties
BusIMS-2
ManufacturerISRO
Start of mission
Launch date2022 (planned)
RocketPSLV
Launch siteSatish Dhawan Space Centre
ContractorISRO
 

SPADEX or Space Docking Experiment is a twin spacecraft mission being developed by Indian Space Research Organisation to mature technologies related to orbital rendezvous, docking, formation flying and remote robotic arm operations, with scope of applications in human spaceflight, in-space satellite servicing and other proximity operations.[1]

SPADEX campaign would consist of two IMS-2 class (400 kg) satellites, one would be Chaser and other being Target and both would be launched as co-passengers or auxiliary payloads.[2] Both spacecraft would be injected into slightly different orbits.[3]

Space Docking Experiment is currently scheduled for launch from Satish Dhawan Space Centre aboard a Polar Satellite launch Vehicle.[4][5][6]

Objectives[edit]

  • Autonomous rendezvous and docking
  • Controlling one spacecraft with Attitude Control System of other spacecraft while in docked configuration.[1]
  • Formation flying
  • Remote robotic arm operations[7][8][9]

Status[edit]

With preliminary studies done in 2016,[10] Space Docking Experiment was approved by Government of India with initial funding of ₹10 crore cleared in 2017.[11] In June 2019, ISRO was looking for proposals to study remote robotic arm operation, rendezvous and docking related technologies on its PSLV fourth stage (PS4) orbital platform.[12]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Department of Space Annual Report 2018-19" (PDF). Department of Space. 27 May 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  2. ↑ "Department of Space Outcome Budget 2013-14" (PDF). Department of Space. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2022.
  3. ↑ Chacko, T.; B P, Dakshayani; Vighnesam, N.; Gopinath, N.S. (1 October 2012). Relative state vector generation algorithm for on board navigation for rendezvous docking experiment. 63rd International Astronautical Congress. Vol. 7. pp. 5313–5316.
  4. ↑ Ramesh, M. (1 October 2019) [30 September 2019]. "ISRO's space docking experiment to happen next year, says Sivan". The Hindu BusinessLine. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  5. ↑ Mehta, Jatan (27 June 2019). "5 Unique Space Science Missions That ISRO Will Be Flying in the Near Future". The Wire. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  6. ↑ Singh, Surendra (3 October 2019). "Isro to hold space-docking experiment next year, a step towards setting up space station". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  7. ↑ "Development of end effectors for spacecraft berthing and sample retrieval". www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in. Department of Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  8. ↑ "RESPOND Basket 2021" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 December 2021.
  9. ↑ "Research Areas in Space 2021" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2022.
  10. ↑ Kumar, Chethan (2 May 2017). "ISRO: Isro project that can aid refuel, repair of satellites in space gets push". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  11. ↑ "Detailed Demands for Grants of Department of Space for 2018-2019" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2018.
  12. ↑ "Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for Orbital platform: An avenue for in-orbit scientific experiments" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. 15 June 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
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