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{{Short description|Sikh bodyguard and assassin of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi}} | |||
{{For|the rally driver|Satwant Singh (rally driver)}} | {{For|the rally driver|Satwant Singh (rally driver)}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} | ||
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| mother = Pyar Kaur | | mother = Pyar Kaur | ||
| father = Tarlok Singh | | father = Tarlok Singh | ||
| awards = Title of [[Shaheed]] by [[Akal Takht]]{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
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==Assassination== | ==Assassination== | ||
The motivation for the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]] was revenge for the military attack carried out by the Indian government on [[Harmandir Sahib]], in [[Amritsar]], [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/10spec1.htm|title=Why Osama resembles Bhindranwale|website=Rediff|access-date=2019-03-22}}</ref><ref name="CrenshawM381">{{cite book |last1=Crenshaw |first1=Martha |title=Terrorism in Context |date= 2010 |publisher=Penn State Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9nFyZaZGthgC |page=381 |accessdate=8 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708162242/https://books.google.com/books?id=9nFyZaZGthgC |archive-date=8 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | The motivation for the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]] was revenge for the military attack carried out by the Indian government on [[Harmandir Sahib]], in [[Amritsar]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/10spec1.htm|title=Why Osama resembles Bhindranwale|website=Rediff|access-date=2019-03-22}}</ref><ref name="CrenshawM381">{{cite book |last1=Crenshaw |first1=Martha |title=Terrorism in Context |date= 2010 |publisher=Penn State Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9nFyZaZGthgC |page=381 |isbn=9780271044422 |accessdate=8 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708162242/https://books.google.com/books?id=9nFyZaZGthgC |archive-date=8 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dnaindia_tryst">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-operation-blue-star-india-s-first-tryst-with-militant-extremism-2270293|title=Operation Blue Star: India's first tryst with militant extremism - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=5 November 2016|website=Dnaindia.com|accessdate=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103012225/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-operation-blue-star-india-s-first-tryst-with-militant-extremism-2270293|archive-date=3 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TH_Mi6">{{cite news |title=RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/raw-chief-consulted-mi6-in-buildup-to-operation-bluestar/article5579516.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=16 January 2014 |location=Chennai, India |first=Praveen |last=Swami}}</ref> | ||
Beant Singh drew a .38 revolver and fired three shots into [[Indira Gandhi]]'s abdomen; as she fell to the ground, Satwant Singh fired all 30 rounds from his Sten automatic weapon into her abdomen (thus, 33 bullets were fired in total, of which 30 bullets hit her). Both assassins subsequently dropped their weapons and surrendered.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=William E.|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926929-2,00.html|title=Indira Gandhi: Death in the Garden|publisher=TIME|date=12 November 1984|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref>Cynthia Keppley Mahmood, {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=8QufTc6fAocC | Beant Singh drew a .38 revolver and fired three shots into [[Indira Gandhi]]'s abdomen; as she fell to the ground, Satwant Singh fired all 30 rounds from his Sten automatic weapon into her abdomen (thus, 33 bullets were fired in total, of which 30 bullets hit her). Both assassins subsequently dropped their weapons and surrendered.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=William E.|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926929-2,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110185009/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926929-2,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2007|title=Indira Gandhi: Death in the Garden|publisher=TIME|date=12 November 1984|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref>Cynthia Keppley Mahmood, {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QufTc6fAocC&dq=Satwant+Singh+indira&pg=RA1-PA135|title=Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues With Sikh Militants|accessdate=19 January 2013|isbn=978-0812215922|last1=Mahmood|first1=Cynthia Keppley|date=November 1996}}</ref> | ||
[[Beant Singh (assassin)|Beant Singh]] was shot to death during interrogation in custody soon after the assassination. Satwant Singh was arrested and later sentenced to death by hanging along with co-conspirator [[Kehar Singh]]. The sentence was carried out on 6 January 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/31/newsid_2464000/2464423.stm|title=Indian prime minister shot dead|publisher=BBC}}</ref> | [[Beant Singh (assassin)|Beant Singh]] was shot to death during interrogation in custody soon after the assassination. Satwant Singh was arrested and later sentenced to death by hanging along with co-conspirator [[Kehar Singh]]. In his court statement, Satwant Singh appealed for end to communal violence in the country, while pinning the blame for the same on Indira and Rajiv Gandhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panthic.org/articles/2865|title=TWO LIONS AWAKEN|website=panthic.org}}</ref> The sentence was carried out on 6 January 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/31/newsid_2464000/2464423.stm|title=Indian prime minister shot dead|publisher=BBC}}</ref> | ||
==Aftermath== | ==Aftermath== | ||
The assassination of Gandhi brought their immediate families into the limelight,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/asia_correspondent/india89assassinwifewt.html|title=SAMRALA INDIA Widow of Mrs. Gandhi's Killer Seeks Seat in Parliament by Richard S Ehrlich|date=26 October 2009|website=Geocities.com|accessdate=2 August 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026145354/http://www.geocities.com/asia_correspondent/india89assassinwifewt.html|archivedate=26 October 2009}}</ref> resulting in their winning two [[Lok Sabha]] seats from state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/22/world/india-s-new-chief-given-a-go-ahead.html|title=India's New Chief Given A Go-Ahead|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=22 December 1989|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref> The Lok Sabha is a directly elected 543 member house of the [[Parliament of India]]. | The assassination of Gandhi brought their immediate families into the limelight,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/asia_correspondent/india89assassinwifewt.html|title=SAMRALA INDIA Widow of Mrs. Gandhi's Killer Seeks Seat in Parliament by Richard S Ehrlich|date=26 October 2009|website=Geocities.com|accessdate=2 August 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026145354/http://www.geocities.com/asia_correspondent/india89assassinwifewt.html|archivedate=26 October 2009}}</ref> resulting in their winning two [[Lok Sabha]] seats from state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/22/world/india-s-new-chief-given-a-go-ahead.html|title=India's New Chief Given A Go-Ahead|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=22 December 1989|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref> The Lok Sabha is a directly elected 543 member house of the [[Parliament of India]]. | ||
In the aftermath of the executions of Satwant Singh and Kehar Singh, communal violence occurred in Punjab, resulting in 14 Hindus being killed by millitants.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/08/world/sikhs-kill-14-hindus-after-executions-in-india.html|title=Sikhs Kill 14 Hindus After Executions in India|work=Nytimes.com|date=8 January 1989|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref> | |||
==Honours== | ==Honours== | ||
In 2003, a [[Bhog]] ceremony was held at the highest Sikh temporal seat in [[Akal Takht]], located in the Golden Temple Complex in [[Amritsar]], where tributes were paid to Indira Gandhi's assassins.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030107/punjab1.htm#19|title=The Tribune|publisher=Tribuneindia.com|date=7 January 2003|accessdate=13 October 2012}}</ref> | In 2003, a [[Bhog]] ceremony was held at the highest Sikh temporal seat in [[Akal Takht]], located in the Golden Temple Complex in [[Amritsar]], where tributes were paid to Indira Gandhi's assassins.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030107/punjab1.htm#19|title=The Tribune|publisher=Tribuneindia.com|date=7 January 2003|accessdate=13 October 2012}}</ref> | ||
In 2004, the anniversary of his death was again observed at [[Akal Takhat]], Amritsar, where his mother was honored by the head priest and tributes were paid to Satwant Singh and [[Kehar Singh]] by various political parties.<ref name="tribuneindia2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040107/punjab1.htm#3|title=The Tribune|publisher=Tribuneindia.com|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref> In 2007, the death anniversaries of Satwant Singh and his wife were observed in various parts of [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and other countries. On 6 January 2008, the [[Akal Takht]] declared Beant Singh and Satwant Singh "martyrs of Sikhism",<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/07/stories/2008010762501200.htm|title=Indira Gandhi killers labelled martyrs|work=The Hindu| | In 2004, the anniversary of his death was again observed at [[Akal Takhat]], Amritsar, where his mother was honored by the head priest and tributes were paid to Satwant Singh and [[Kehar Singh]] by various political parties.<ref name="tribuneindia2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040107/punjab1.htm#3|title=The Tribune|publisher=Tribuneindia.com|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref> In 2007, the death anniversaries of Satwant Singh and his wife were observed in various parts of [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and other countries. On 6 January 2008, the [[Akal Takht]] declared Beant Singh and Satwant Singh "martyrs of Sikhism",<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/07/stories/2008010762501200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110102918/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/07/stories/2008010762501200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 January 2008|title=Indira Gandhi killers labelled martyrs|accessdate=13 October 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2008-01-07|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/indira-assassin-great-martyr-vedanti/258427|title=Indira assassin 'great martyr': Vedanti|work=The Indian Express|date=7 January 2008|accessdate=13 October 2012}}</ref> while the [[SGPC]] also labeled them "martyrs of the Sikh nation". | ||
The Sikh-centric political party in India, [[Shiromani Akali Dal]], observed the death anniversary of Beant Singh and Satwant Singh as "martyrdom" for the first time on 31 October 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081101/bathinda.htm#3|title=The Tribune|website=Tribuneindia.com|accessdate=13 October 2012}}</ref> Every 31 October since, this date has been observed at Sri Akal Takht Sahib.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20091101/punjab.htm#4|title=The Tribune|publisher=Tribuneindia.com|accessdate=17 October 2012}}</ref> | The Sikh-centric political party in India, [[Shiromani Akali Dal]], observed the death anniversary of Beant Singh and Satwant Singh as "martyrdom" for the first time on 31 October 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081101/bathinda.htm#3|title=The Tribune|website=Tribuneindia.com|accessdate=13 October 2012}}</ref> Every 31 October since, this date has been observed at Sri Akal Takht Sahib.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20091101/punjab.htm#4|title=The Tribune|publisher=Tribuneindia.com|accessdate=17 October 2012}}</ref> | ||
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==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
Singh's father was Tarlok Singh.<ref name="tribuneindia2004"/> He married Surinder Kaur (daughter of Virsa Singh) on 2 May 1988 while he was in prison.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/01/world/indira-gandhi-killers-to-be-hanged-friday.html|title=Indira Gandhi Killers To Be Hanged Friday - New York Times| | Singh's father was Tarlok Singh.<ref name="tribuneindia2004"/> He married Surinder Kaur (daughter of Virsa Singh) on 2 May 1988 while he was in prison.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/01/world/indira-gandhi-killers-to-be-hanged-friday.html|title=Indira Gandhi Killers To Be Hanged Friday - New York Times|work=Nytimes.com|date=1 December 1988|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref> His fiancé wed him in absentia by marrying his photo in an [[Anand Karaj]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB327F5ABACEE6D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=STLtoday.com|publisher=Nl.newsbank.com|date=9 June 1988|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB33870521ECEF3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Miami Herald: Search Results|website=nl.newsbank.com|accessdate=2 August 2017}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||