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=== Exploration === | === Exploration === | ||
In 1889, British raj army officer and explorer [[Francis Younghusband]] reached the base of | In 1889, British raj army officer and explorer [[Francis Younghusband]] reached the base of Turkestan La (North) from [[Trans-Karakoram Tract|north side]], and he noted that this was a long glacier and a major Central Asian dividing range.<ref name=swa1/> | ||
Colonel [[Colonel Narendra Kumar|Narendra "Bull" Kumar]] reached Indira Col (the western col) in 1981.<ref name=indi1>[http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/LGHTfRB4vQFou30J4noLcJ/Bull8217s-glacier.html Bull’s glacier]</ref><ref>[http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-colonel-who-got-us-siachen The Colonel Who Got Us Siachen]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?262249 |title=Ice Station Taurus |access-date=2014-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222220113/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?262249 |archive-date=2014-02-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1998 [[Harish Kapadia]] reached the same col; on his map and text he refers to it as the "''main Indira Col''" and "''Indira Col West''", whereas he refers to the col 2.4 km to the east as the "''Indira Col East'' (''[[Fanny Bullock Workman|Workman]]'')." | Colonel [[Colonel Narendra Kumar|Narendra "Bull" Kumar]] reached Indira Col (the western col) in 1981.<ref name=indi1>[http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/LGHTfRB4vQFou30J4noLcJ/Bull8217s-glacier.html Bull’s glacier]</ref><ref>[http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-colonel-who-got-us-siachen The Colonel Who Got Us Siachen]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?262249 |title=Ice Station Taurus |access-date=2014-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222220113/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?262249 |archive-date=2014-02-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1998 [[Harish Kapadia]] reached the same col; on his map and text he refers to it as the "''main Indira Col''" and "''Indira Col West''", whereas he refers to the col 2.4 km to the east as the "''Indira Col East'' (''[[Fanny Bullock Workman|Workman]]'')." | ||
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|date=November 15, 1968 | |date=November 15, 1968 | ||
|publisher=Florida State University College of Law | |publisher=Florida State University College of Law | ||
}}</ref> The AGPL generally runs along the [[Saltoro Mountains]] range, beginning from the northernmost point of the ([[Line of Control|LOC]]) at Point [[NJ 9842]] and ending northwest of ''Indira Col West'' in the north, with peaks in excess of 7,000 meters and average low temperatures around minus 50 celsius.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/aug/31/revisiting-siachen-after-the-ladakh-stand-off-2190461.html|title=Revisiting Siachen after the Ladakh stand-off}}</ref> India gained control of {{convert|1000|sqmi|km2}} of disputed territory in 1984 because of its [[ | }}</ref> The AGPL generally runs along the [[Saltoro Mountains]] range, beginning from the northernmost point of the ([[Line of Control|LOC]]) at Point [[NJ 9842]] and ending northwest of ''Indira Col West'' in the north, with peaks in excess of 7,000 meters and average low temperatures around minus 50 celsius.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/aug/31/revisiting-siachen-after-the-ladakh-stand-off-2190461.html|title=Revisiting Siachen after the Ladakh stand-off}}</ref> India gained control of {{convert|1000|sqmi|km2}} of disputed territory in 1984 because of its [[Siachen conflict|military operations]] in Siachen.<ref name=":1">{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958254-2,00.html | publisher=Time.com | title=The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World | date=31 July 1989 | first=Edward W. | last=Desmond/Kashmir | access-date=11 October 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104526/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C958254-2%2C00.html | archive-date=14 January 2009 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="time.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958254-2,00.html|title=The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World|first=Edward W.|last=Desmond|date=31 July 1989|via=www.time.com|access-date=11 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104526/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C958254-2%2C00.html|archive-date=14 January 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
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; Borders | ; Borders | ||
* [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL) | * [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL) | ||
* [[India–Pakistan border|India–Pakistan International Border]] | * [[India–Pakistan border|India–Pakistan International Border]] (IB) | ||
* [[Line of Control]] | * [[Line of Control]] (LoC) | ||
* [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) | * [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) | ||
* [[Sir Creek]] (SC) | * [[Sir Creek]] (SC) | ||