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'''''Naṟṟiṇai''''' ({{lang-ta|நற்றிணை}} meaning ''excellent [[Thinai|tinai]]''<ref name="ttp3"/>), is a classical [[Tamil literature|Tamil poetic]] work and traditionally the first of the [[Eight Anthologies]] (''Ettuthokai'') in the [[Sangam literature]].{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}} The collection – sometimes spelled as Natrinai<ref>{{cite book|author=Velayutham Saravanan|title=Colonialism, Environment and Tribals in South India,1792-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEfUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT63|year=2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-315-51719-3}}</ref> or Narrinai<ref>{{cite book | author= Padma Srinivasan | editor-last=Indra | editor-first=C. T. | editor-last2=Rajagopalan | editor-first2=R. | title=Language, Culture and Power | chapter= Towards a Third Language| publisher=Routledge | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-203-70344-1 | doi=10.4324/9780203703441}}</ref> – contains both ''akam'' (love) and ''puram'' (war, public life) category of poems. The ''Naṟṟiṇai'' anthology contains 400 poems, mainly of 9 to 12 lines, but a few with 8 to 13 lines each.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|p=51}}<ref name="ttp3">{{cite book|author=Takanobu Takahashi|title=Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgCHuVGyZoEC|year=1995|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-10042-3|pages=2, 46–48}}</ref> According to Takanobu Takahashi – a Tamil literature scholar, the ''Naṟṟiṇai'' poems were likely composed between 100–300 CE based on the linguistics, style and dating of the authors.<ref name="ttp1">{{cite book|author=Takanobu Takahashi|title=Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgCHuVGyZoEC|year=1995|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-10042-3|pages=47–52}}</ref> While [[Kamil Zvelebil]] – a Tamil literature and history scholar , dates some poems to the 1st century BCE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ&q=info:3mNeiVqlnhoJ:scholar.google.com/&pg=PR9|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|date=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-03591-1|language=en}}</ref> The ''Naṟṟiṇai'' manuscript colophon states that it was compiled under the patronage of the Pandyan king named ''Pannatu Tanta Pantiyan Maran Valuti'', but the compiler remained anonymous.<ref name="ttp3"/> | '''''Naṟṟiṇai''''' ({{lang-ta|நற்றிணை}} meaning ''excellent [[Thinai|tinai]]''<ref name="ttp3"/>), is a classical [[Tamil literature|Tamil poetic]] work and traditionally the first of the [[Eight Anthologies]] (''Ettuthokai'') in the [[Sangam literature]].{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}} The collection – sometimes spelled as Natrinai<ref>{{cite book|author=Velayutham Saravanan|title=Colonialism, Environment and Tribals in South India,1792-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEfUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT63|year=2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-315-51719-3}}</ref> or Narrinai<ref>{{cite book | author= Padma Srinivasan | editor-last=Indra | editor-first=C. T. | editor-last2=Rajagopalan | editor-first2=R. | title=Language, Culture and Power | chapter= Towards a Third Language| publisher=Routledge | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-203-70344-1 | doi=10.4324/9780203703441}}</ref> – contains both ''akam'' (love) and ''puram'' (war, public life) category of poems. The ''Naṟṟiṇai'' anthology contains 400 poems, mainly of 9 to 12 lines, but a few with 8 to 13 lines each.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|p=51}}<ref name="ttp3">{{cite book|author=Takanobu Takahashi|title=Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgCHuVGyZoEC|year=1995|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-10042-3|pages=2, 46–48}}</ref> According to Takanobu Takahashi – a Tamil literature scholar, the ''Naṟṟiṇai'' poems were likely composed between 100–300 CE based on the linguistics, style and dating of the authors.<ref name="ttp1">{{cite book|author=Takanobu Takahashi|title=Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgCHuVGyZoEC|year=1995|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-10042-3|pages=47–52}}</ref> While [[Kamil Zvelebil]] – a Tamil literature and history scholar , dates some poems to the 1st century BCE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ&q=info:3mNeiVqlnhoJ:scholar.google.com/&pg=PR9|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|date=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-03591-1|language=en}}</ref> The ''Naṟṟiṇai'' manuscript colophon states that it was compiled under the patronage of the Pandyan king named ''Pannatu Tanta Pantiyan Maran Valuti'', but the compiler remained anonymous.<ref name="ttp3"/> | ||
The ''Naṟṟiṇai'' poems are credited to 175 ancient poets.<ref name="ttp3"/> Two of these poems are attributed to the patron king.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}} According to Kamil Zvelebil – this poetic anthology contains a few Sanskrit loan words and contains 59 allusions to historical events.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}} Many lines from these poems were borrowed into later Tamil works such as the famed post-Sangam Tamil works: ''[[Tirukkural]]'', ''[[Silappatikaram]]'' and ''[[Manimekalai]]''. The Tamil legend about [[Kannagi]] (Kannaki), one who tore of her breast to protest against her husband's unjust execution, appears in ''Naṟṟiṇai 312''.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}}<ref name="jp1977">For a summary of Kannagi story: {{cite book|author=E.T. Jacob-Pandian|editor=K Ishwaran|title=Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA56|year=1977|publisher=Brill Academic|isbn=90-04-04926-6|pages=56–57}}</ref> | The ''Naṟṟiṇai'' poems are credited to 175 ancient poets.<ref name="ttp3"/> Two of these poems are attributed to the patron king.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}} According to Kamil Zvelebil – this poetic anthology contains a few [[Sanskrit]] loan words and contains 59 allusions to historical events.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}} Many lines from these poems were borrowed into later Tamil works such as the famed post-Sangam Tamil works: ''[[Tirukkural]]'', ''[[Silappatikaram]]'' and ''[[Manimekalai]]''. The Tamil legend about [[Kannagi]] (Kannaki), one who tore of her breast to protest against her husband's unjust execution, appears in ''Naṟṟiṇai 312''.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}}<ref name="jp1977">For a summary of Kannagi story: {{cite book|author=E.T. Jacob-Pandian|editor=K Ishwaran|title=Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA56|year=1977|publisher=Brill Academic|isbn=90-04-04926-6|pages=56–57}}</ref> | ||
==Translations== | ==Translations== | ||
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Revision as of 19:29, 27 October 2021
Naṟṟiṇai (Tamil: நற்றிணை meaning excellent tinai[1]), is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the first of the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) in the Sangam literature.[2] The collection – sometimes spelled as Natrinai[3] or Narrinai[4] – contains both akam (love) and puram (war, public life) category of poems. The Naṟṟiṇai anthology contains 400 poems, mainly of 9 to 12 lines, but a few with 8 to 13 lines each.[5][1] According to Takanobu Takahashi – a Tamil literature scholar, the Naṟṟiṇai poems were likely composed between 100–300 CE based on the linguistics, style and dating of the authors.[6] While Kamil Zvelebil – a Tamil literature and history scholar , dates some poems to the 1st century BCE.[7] The Naṟṟiṇai manuscript colophon states that it was compiled under the patronage of the Pandyan king named Pannatu Tanta Pantiyan Maran Valuti, but the compiler remained anonymous.[1]
The Naṟṟiṇai poems are credited to 175 ancient poets.[1] Two of these poems are attributed to the patron king.[2] According to Kamil Zvelebil – this poetic anthology contains a few Sanskrit loan words and contains 59 allusions to historical events.[2] Many lines from these poems were borrowed into later Tamil works such as the famed post-Sangam Tamil works: Tirukkural, Silappatikaram and Manimekalai. The Tamil legend about Kannagi (Kannaki), one who tore of her breast to protest against her husband's unjust execution, appears in Naṟṟiṇai 312.[2][8]
Translations
The text has been translated by A. Dakshinamurthy and published by the International Institute of Tamil Studies, Chennai in the year 2000.[citation needed]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Takanobu Takahashi (1995). Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics. BRILL Academic. pp. 2, 46–48. ISBN 90-04-10042-3.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kamil Zvelebil 1973, pp. 51–52.
- ↑ Velayutham Saravanan (2016). Colonialism, Environment and Tribals in South India,1792-1947. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-315-51719-3.
- ↑ Padma Srinivasan (2017). "Towards a Third Language". In Indra, C. T.; Rajagopalan, R. (eds.). Language, Culture and Power. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203703441. ISBN 978-0-203-70344-1.
- ↑ Kamil Zvelebil 1973, p. 51.
- ↑ Takanobu Takahashi (1995). Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics. BRILL Academic. pp. 47–52. ISBN 90-04-10042-3.
- ↑ Zvelebil, Kamil (1973). The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-03591-1.
- ↑ For a summary of Kannagi story: E.T. Jacob-Pandian (1977). K Ishwaran (ed.). Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977. Brill Academic. pp. 56–57. ISBN 90-04-04926-6.
- Bibliography
- Mudaliyar, Singaravelu A., Apithana Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature, (1931) - Reprinted by Asian Educational Services, New Delhi (1983)
- Kamil Zvelebil (1973). The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-03591-5.
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