Meitei calendar: Difference between revisions

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{{See also|Thalon}}
{{Short description|Calendar of Meitei people}}
The '''Meitei calendar''' ({{lang-omp|ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯟꯂꯣꯟ}}) or '''"Manipuri calendar"''' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯟꯂꯣꯟ}}) or '''"Kangleipak calendar"''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯟꯂꯣꯟ}}) or '''"Maliyapham Palcha Kumshing calendar"''' ({{lang-omp|ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯟꯂꯣꯟ}}) is a traditional [[lunar calendar]] invented and used by the [[Meitei ethnicity]] for religious and agricultural purposes. It was developed by Emperor ''"Maliyapham Palcha"'' in 1397 BC (Palcha era) in [[Ancient Manipur]].<ref>http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.The_Puya_and_Cheitharol_Kumbaba</ref> Similar to the [[Gregorian calendar]] ([[Roman calendar]]), it also has twelve [[month]]s in a [[year]], four [[week]]s in a [[month]] and seven [[day]]s in a [[week]].<ref>http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.Names_of_12_months_of_Kangleipak_concepts_and_significances</ref>
 
[[File:ꯃꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯳꯴꯱꯹.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2.5|A typical representation of a Meitei calendar, of 2021 AD, that's 3419 Maliyapham year. ]]
The '''Meitei calendar''' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ}}) or '''Manipuri calendar''' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ}}) or '''Kangleipak calendar''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ}}) or '''Maliyapham Palcha Kumshing''' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ}}) is a [[lunisolar calendar]] used by the [[Meitei people]] of [[Manipur]] for their [[religious]] as well as [[agricultural]] activities. The concept of era in Meitei was first developed by Emperor Maliyafam Palcha, in the year 1397 BC (''Palcha Era'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.The_Puya_and_Cheitharol_Kumbaba|title=The Puya and Cheitharol Kumbaba |website=e-pao.net}}</ref> in the kingdom of [[Kangleipak]] in present-day [[Manipur]]. It is believed that the 2nd, 3rd,  4th, 6th and 7th months of the Meitei calendar were named after Poireiten's agricultural activities. Similar to [[Georgian calendar]], the Meitei calendar also consists of twelve months and seven days but the starting date with the [[Georgian calendar|English calendar]] is different.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.Names_of_12_months_of_Kangleipak_concepts_and_significances|title=Names of 12 months of Kangleipak concepts and significances|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.tools.Nanao_Meetei_Calendar_2015_2016_In_Meitei_Mayek_201504|title=Nanao Meetei Calendar 2015 2016 In Meitei Mayek 201504|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> The new year day known as, [[Sajibu Nongma Panba|Sajibu Cheiraoba]] is celebrated on the 1st day of the month Sajibu.


==Days==
==Days==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Sl. No.
!Meitei !! Romanisation !! English
![[Ancient Meitei language|Ancient Meitei]]
!Latin-Roman transliteration
![[Meitei language|Modern Meitei]]
!Latin-Roman transliteration
!Roman equivalents
!Ruling heavenly bodies
|-
|-
!1
| ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ || Nongmaijing || Sunday
!ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯢꯆꯤꯡ
!Nongmaiching
!ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯢꯖꯤꯡ
!Nongmaijing  
![[Sunday]]
![[Sun]]
|-
|-
!2
| ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕ || Ningthoukaba || Monday
!ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯄ
!Ningthoukaapa
!ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕ  
!Ningthoukaaba
![[Monday]]
![[Moon]]
|-
|-
!3
| ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯄꯣꯛꯄ || Leipakpokpa || Tuesday
!ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯄꯣꯛꯄ  
!Leipaakpokpa
!ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯄꯣꯛꯄ
!Leibaakpokpa
![[Tuesday]]
![[Mars]]
|-
|-
!4
| ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯀꯩꯁ || Yumsakeisa || Wednesday
!ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥꯀꯩꯁꯥ
!Yumsakeisa
!ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯀꯩꯁ  
!Yumsakeisa  
![[Wednesday]]
![[Mercury]]
|-
|-
!5
| ꯁꯒꯣꯜꯁꯦꯟ || Sagolsen || Thursday
!ꯁꯥꯀꯣꯜꯁꯦꯟ
!Sakolsen
!ꯁꯒꯣꯜꯁꯦꯟ  
!Sagolsen  
![[Thursday]]
![[Jupiter]]
|-
|-
!6
| ꯏꯔꯥꯢ || Eerai || Friday
!ꯏꯂꯥꯢ
!Eelai
!ꯏꯔꯥꯢ
!Eerai  
![[Friday]]
![[Venus]]
|-
|-
!7
| ꯊꯥꯡꯖ || Thangja || Saturday
!ꯊꯥꯡꯆ
!Thaangcha
!ꯊꯥꯡꯖ  
!Thaangja
![[Saturday]]
![[Saturn]]
|}
|}


==Months==
==Months==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
![[Ancient Meitei language|Ancient Meitei]]
!Latin-Roman transliteration
![[Meitei language|Modern Meitei]]
!Latin-Roman transliteration
!Gregorian-Roman equivalents
|-
|-
!ꯁꯆꯤꯐꯣꯢ (ꯆꯤꯟꯄꯤ)
! Meitei !! Romanization !! Days !! Gregorian
!Sachiphoy (Chinpi)
|-
!ꯁꯖꯤꯕꯨ  
| ꯁꯖꯤꯕꯨ || Sajibu || 30 || Mar-Apr
!Sajibu  
!Apr-May
|-
|-
!ꯀꯥꯟꯄꯤ
| ꯀꯥꯂꯦꯟ || Kalen || 30 || Apr-May
!Kaanpee
!ꯀꯥꯂꯦꯟ  
!Kaalen
!May-Jun
|-
|-
!ꯑꯁꯥꯎ
| ꯏꯉꯥ || Eenga || 30 || May-Jun  
!Asaau
!ꯏꯉꯥ  
!Ee-ngaa
!Jun-Jul
|-
|-
!ꯍꯥꯂꯦꯡ
| ꯏꯉꯦꯟ || Eengen || 30 || Jun-Jul
!Haaleng
!ꯏꯉꯦꯟ  
!Ee-ngen
!Jul-Aug
|-
|-
!ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯠ
| ꯊꯧꯋꯥꯟ || Thouwan || 30 || Jul-Aug
!Waantat
!ꯊꯧꯋꯥꯟ  
!Thouwaan
!Aug-Sept
|-
|-
!ꯑꯆꯤꯠ (ꯂꯥꯡꯄꯟ)
| ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯟ || Langban || 30 || Aug-Sep
!Achit (Laangpan)
!ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯟ  
!Laangban
!Sept-Oct
|-
|-
!ꯑꯥꯂꯦ (ꯃꯦꯂꯥ)
| ꯃꯦꯔꯥ || Mera || 30 || Sep-Oct
!Aale (Melaa)
!ꯃꯦꯔꯥ  
!Meraa
!Oct-Nov
|-
|-
!ꯆꯤꯛꯊꯝ (ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯀꯩ)
| ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯀꯩ || Heeyangkei || 30 || Oct-Nov
!Chiktham (Hiyaangkei)
!ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯒꯩ
!Heeyaangei
!Nov-Dec
|-
|-
!ꯎꯟꯊꯝ
| ꯄꯣꯢꯅꯨ || Poinu || 30 || Nov-Dec
!Untham
!ꯄꯣꯢꯅꯨ  
!Poinu  
!Dec-Jan
|-
|-
!ꯏꯟꯊꯝ
| ꯋꯥꯛꯆꯤꯡ || Wakching || 30 || Dec-Jan
!Eentham
!ꯋꯥꯛꯆꯤꯡ  
!Waakching
!Jan-Feb
|-
|-
!ꯑꯁꯤꯠ (ꯐꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ)
| ꯐꯥꯢꯔꯦꯜ || Fairel || 30 || Jan-Feb
!Ashit (Phailel)
!ꯐꯥꯢꯔꯦꯜ  
!Fairel  
!Feb-Mar
|-
|-
!ꯊꯥꯄꯤ
| ꯂꯝꯇꯥ || Lamta || 30 || Feb-Mar
!Thaapee
!ꯂꯝꯇꯥ  
!Lamtaa
!Mar-Apr
|}
|}


==Important days==
==Important days==
Important days fall in different times of a year according to Meitei calendar. Some are as follows in alphabetical order:
* [[Ningol Chakouba]] (ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯜ ꯆꯥꯛꯀꯧꯕ)- 2nd of Hiyangei month
* [[Cheiraoba]] (ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯎꯕ)- 1st of Sajibu month
* [[Sajibu Cheiraoba]] (ꯁꯖꯤꯕꯨ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯎꯕ)- 1st of Sajibu month
* [[Emoinu Eratpa]] (ꯏꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯏꯔꯥꯠꯄ)- 12th of Wakching month
* [[Panthoibi Iratpa]] (ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯏꯔꯥꯠꯄ)
* [[Imoinu Iratpa]] (ꯏꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯏꯔꯥꯠꯄ)- 12th of Wakching month
* [[Sanamahi Ahong Khong Chingba]] (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯕ)-
* [[Kwaak Taanba]] (ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯛ ꯇꯥꯟꯕ)- 10th of Mera month
* [[Yaoshang]] (ꯌꯥꯎꯁꯪ) -15th of Lamtaa month, [[Full moon]]
* [[Heikru Hidongba]] (ꯍꯩꯀ꯭ꯔꯨ ꯍꯤꯗꯣꯡꯕ)- 11th of Langban month
* [[Heikru Hidongba]] (ꯍꯩꯀ꯭ꯔꯨ ꯍꯤꯗꯣꯡꯕ)- 11th of Langban month
* [[Kwaak Taanba]] (ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯛ ꯇꯥꯟꯕ)- 10th of Mera month
* [[Mera Chaorel Houba]] (ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯧꯕ)- 1st of Mera month
* [[Mera Chaorel Houba]] (ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯧꯕ)- 1st of Mera month
* [[Mera Hou Chongba]] (ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯍꯧ ꯆꯣꯡꯕ)- 15th of Mera month
* [[Mera Hou Chongba]] (ꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯍꯧ ꯆꯣꯡꯕ)- 15th of Mera month
* [[Ningol Chakouba]] (ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯜ ꯆꯥꯛꯀꯧꯕ)- 2nd of Hiyangei month
* [[Panthoibi Iratpa]] (ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯏꯔꯥꯠꯄ)
* [[Sanamahi Ahong Khong Chingba]] (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯕ)-
* [[Yaoshang]] (ꯌꯥꯎꯁꯪ) -15th of Lamtaa month, Full moon
==Governing body==
The governing body of the traditional Meitei calendar is the '''"Kangleipak Calendar Board"''', which annually organizes meetings at which the annual calendar is published officially.<ref>http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Snipp14..210514.may14</ref>
The '''SEACO (South East Asian Cultural Organization)''' also organizes annual conference to preserve the cultural and traditional calendar of [[Ancient Manipur]].<ref>http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=4..060819.aug19</ref>


==Other wesites==
== Preservation ==
* http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.tools.Nanao_Meetei_Calendar_2015_2016_In_Meitei_Mayek_201504
There is a society which preserves the traditional calendar of [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=4..060819.aug19|title=SEACO celebrates its 9th foundation day : 06th aug19 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Snipp14..210514.may14|title=Kangleipak Calendar Board anniv held : 21st may14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Calendars]]
{{calendars}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Meetei Calendar}}
[[Category:Meitei culture|Calendar]]
[[Category:Meitei culture|Calendar]]
 
[[Category:Lunar calendars]]
 
[[Category:Time in India]]
{{Asia-stub}}
[[Category:Lunisolar calendars]]

Latest revision as of 17:22, 25 June 2021


The Meitei calendar (Meitei: ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ) or Manipuri calendar (Meitei: ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ) or Kangleipak calendar (Meitei: ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯊꯥꯄꯥꯂꯣꯟ) or Maliyapham Palcha Kumshing (Meitei: ꯃꯂꯤꯌꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯜꯆꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ) is a lunisolar calendar used by the Meitei people of Manipur for their religious as well as agricultural activities. The concept of era in Meitei was first developed by Emperor Maliyafam Palcha, in the year 1397 BC (Palcha Era)[1] in the kingdom of Kangleipak in present-day Manipur. It is believed that the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th and 7th months of the Meitei calendar were named after Poireiten's agricultural activities. Similar to Georgian calendar, the Meitei calendar also consists of twelve months and seven days but the starting date with the English calendar is different.[2][3] The new year day known as, Sajibu Cheiraoba is celebrated on the 1st day of the month Sajibu.

Days[edit | edit source]

Meitei Romanisation English
ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ Nongmaijing Sunday
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕ Ningthoukaba Monday
ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯄꯣꯛꯄ Leipakpokpa Tuesday
ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯀꯩꯁ Yumsakeisa Wednesday
ꯁꯒꯣꯜꯁꯦꯟ Sagolsen Thursday
ꯏꯔꯥꯢ Eerai Friday
ꯊꯥꯡꯖ Thangja Saturday

Months[edit | edit source]

Meitei Romanization Days Gregorian
ꯁꯖꯤꯕꯨ Sajibu 30 Mar-Apr
ꯀꯥꯂꯦꯟ Kalen 30 Apr-May
ꯏꯉꯥ Eenga 30 May-Jun
ꯏꯉꯦꯟ Eengen 30 Jun-Jul
ꯊꯧꯋꯥꯟ Thouwan 30 Jul-Aug
ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯟ Langban 30 Aug-Sep
ꯃꯦꯔꯥ Mera 30 Sep-Oct
ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯀꯩ Heeyangkei 30 Oct-Nov
ꯄꯣꯢꯅꯨ Poinu 30 Nov-Dec
ꯋꯥꯛꯆꯤꯡ Wakching 30 Dec-Jan
ꯐꯥꯢꯔꯦꯜ Fairel 30 Jan-Feb
ꯂꯝꯇꯥ Lamta 30 Feb-Mar

Important days[edit | edit source]

Preservation[edit | edit source]

There is a society which preserves the traditional calendar of Manipur.[4][5]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "The Puya and Cheitharol Kumbaba". e-pao.net.
  2. ↑ "Names of 12 months of Kangleipak concepts and significances". e-pao.net.
  3. ↑ "Nanao Meetei Calendar 2015 2016 In Meitei Mayek 201504". e-pao.net.
  4. ↑ "SEACO celebrates its 9th foundation day : 06th aug19 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.
  5. ↑ "Kangleipak Calendar Board anniv held : 21st may14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.

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