P-800 Oniks

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Yakhont/Oniks (small member)missile
3M55 Yakhont Onyx SS-N-26 Armia 2018.jpg
A P-800 missile at Armia 2018
TypeCruise missile
Air-launched cruise missile
Submarine-launched cruise missile
Anti-ship missile
Surface-to-surface missile
Land-attack missile
Place of originSoviet Union / Russia
Service history
In service2002–present[1]
Used bySee Operators
WarsSyrian Civil War
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[2]
Production history
ManufacturerNPO Mashinostroyeniya
Produced1987–present
Specifications
Mass3,000 kg (6,614 lb)
Length8.9 m (29.2 ft)
Diameter0.7 m (2.3 ft)
Warheadnational ver. 300 kg semi-armour piercing HE, thermonuclear; for export 200 kg semi-armour piercing HE[3]
Detonation
mechanism
delay fuze
EngineRamjet
4 tons of thrust
Wingspan1.7 m (5.6 ft)
Propellantjet fuel
Operational
range
600 km (370 mi; 320 nmi) (Oniks version for Russia)
800 km (500 mi; 430 nmi) (Oniks-M version for Russia)
120 to 300 km (75 to 186 mi; 65 to 162 nmi) depending on altitude (Yakhont export version)
Flight ceiling14,000 m
Flight altitude10 meters or higher
Maximum speed Mach 2-3
Guidance
system
midcourse inertial guidance, active radar homing-passive radar seeker head
Accuracy1.5 m[4]
Launch
platform
coastal installations, naval ships, Fixed-wing aircraft

The P-800 Oniks (Russian: П-800 Оникс; English: Onyx), also known in export markets as Yakhont (Russian: Яхонт; English: ruby), is a Soviet / Russian supersonic anti-ship cruise missile developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya as a ramjet version of P-80 Zubr. Its GRAU designation is 3M55, the air launched Kh-61 variant also exists. The missile has the NATO codename SS-N-26 "Strobile". Development officially started in 1983, and in the 1990s the anti-ship missile was tested on the Project 1234.7 ship. In 2002 the missile passed the whole range of trials and was commissioned.[5] It is reportedly a replacement for the P-270 Moskit, and possibly also of the P-700 Granit.

Description[edit]

The missile is carried in flight by aerodynamic lift. The solid-propellant booster is located in the ramjet's combustion chamber and is ejected by the airflow after it has burned out.

Advantages[edit]

  • Over-the-horizon firing range
  • Full autonomy of combat use ("fire and forget")
  • A set of flexible ("low-profile sea-skimming", "high-low") trajectories
  • High supersonic speed in all phases of flight
  • Full harmonization for a wide range of platforms (surface ships, submarines and land-based launchers)
  • Possible use of the missile in electronic countermeasures environment and under enemy fire

Operational history[edit]

Syria[edit]

In 2010 Sergei Prikhodko, senior adviser to the Russian President, has said that Russia intends to deliver P-800 to Syria based on the contracts signed in 2007.[6][7] Syria received two Bastion missile systems with 36 missiles each (72 in total).[8] The missiles' test was broadcast by Syrian state TV.[9]

In May 2013, Russia continued the contract delivery to the Syrian government supplying missiles with an advanced radar to make them more effective to counter any future foreign military invasion.[10][11] A warehouse containing the Bastion missiles was destroyed by an Israeli air strike on Latakia on 5 July 2013, but US intelligence analysts believe that some missiles had been removed before the attack.[12]

Oniks missiles were reportedly used in 2016 against ISIL targets.[13][14][15]

Russian Invasion of Ukraine[edit]

In May 2022, Russia’s Defense Minister announced that Russia used high precision Onyx missiles during Russia’s “Special Military Operation” in Ukraine. The Onyx missiles were used to destroy military equipment near the city of Odesa.[16] There are other reported use of Onyx missiles in Donbas during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[citation needed]

Specifications[edit]

  • Length: 8.9 m
  • Diameter: 0.7 m
  • Wingspan: 1.7 m
  • Weight: 3,100 kg
  • Speed at altitude: 750 m/s (Mach 2.6)
  • Surface speed: Mach 2
  • Engine: ramjet, weight 200 kg, 4 tons of thrust
  • Range: 120–300 km / 600 km for Russian ship/sub deployed non-export model[17]
  • for the combined trajectory (hi-lo) – 300 km
  • for low-altitude trajectory (lo-lo) – 120 km
  • Flight altitude of 10,000–14,000 m
  • Warhead: national version: 300 kg semi-armour piercing HE, thermonuclear; export version: 200 kg HE
  • Fuel: jet fuel T-6

Radar homing head

  • all-weather monopulse active-passive, with frequency hopping
  • Immunity: high, from active spoofing, dipole clouds
  • Range: 50 km active[18]
  • Launchable sea state – up to 7 points
  • Warm-up time from power on: no more than 2 min
  • Current consumption at 27 V circuit: up to 38 A
  • Maximum angle of the target search: ± 45 °
  • Homing weight: 85 kg

Variants[edit]

  • 3M55 Oniks – Base version for Russia.
  • P-800 Yakhont – Export version of Oniks.
  • P-800 Bolid - Submarine-launched version of Yakhont.[19]
  • BrahMos – Co-developed by Russia and India, based on Oniks, produced by BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited in India. BrahMos-II, a hypersonic version is also being developed.[citation needed] The P-800 was used as the basis for the joint Russian-Indian supersonic missile BrahMos.[20]
  • Bastion-P – Coast mobile missile system. Officially it entered service in 2015.[21]
  • Kh-61 - Air launched air to surface version.
  • Oniks-M - version of Oniks with improved range (up to 800 km), accuracy and ECCM capabilities.[22]

Platforms[edit]

Naval[edit]

Current
Future

Land[edit]

Standard batteries of the K-300 Bastion-P (Бастион-П-Подвижный):

  • 4 self-propelled launchers K-340P with 2 "Yakhont" missiles (crew of 3 persons)
  • 1–2 Command and Control vehicles (ASBU) PBRK (crew of 5 persons)
  • 1 security alert car (MOBD)
  • 4 Transportation and loading vehicles (TLV K342P)

Operators[edit]

Map with P-800 operators in blue
  • Hezbollah – 12 missiles[23] with diverse launching platforms.[24]
  •  Indonesia – 4 VLS (vertical launching system) mounted on -class frigate KRI Oswald Siahaan (354).[25]
  •  Russia – 3 "Bastion-P" complexes delivered in 2010, all the complexes taken into service with the Russian Black Sea Fleet's 11th Independent Coastal Missile-Artillery Brigade stationed near Anapa[26] and the Project 1234.7 Nakat, a one-off Nanuchka IV-class corvette commissioned in 1987 with 2x6 Oniks.[27] The "Bastion-P" is deployed by Russian forces in Crimea.[28] One more Bastion-P was delivered in 2015.[29] 2 Bastion systems are in service with the Northern Fleet and at least one with Western Military District (Baltic Fleet).[30] Two more systems entered service in 2016 with Pacific Fleet.[31] Newest class of Russian nuclear-powered attack submarines, Yasen-class submarine, can also launch the missile.[32] Submarine-launched variant entered service in 2016.[33] Two Bastion missile systems delivered in 2017 and one more in 2018.[34][35] Totally 4 Bal and Bastion systems in 2018.[36] One more system delivered for the Pacific Fleet in early 2019.[37][38] Totally 3 Bastion systems and 55 Oniks were delivered in 2019.[39][40] The Russian Defense Ministry concluded a contract at the Army-2020 forum for purchasing cruise missiles 3M55N Oniks.[41] 3 more delivered during 2021.[42][43]
  •  Syria – 2 "Bastion-P" complexes delivered in 2011, 72 missiles.[44][45]
  •  Vietnam – 2 "Bastion-P" land-based coastal defense systems delivered, 40 missiles.[46][47]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "MIC "NPO mashinostroyenia" - History". Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  2. ↑ https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/14122149
  3. ↑ "Russia MoD launches supersonic anti-ship "Oniks P-800" cruise missile".
  4. ↑ "P-800 Oniks (SS-N-26 Strobile) – Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance". Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  5. ↑ "Nakat". Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  6. ↑ "BBC News - Syria crisis: Russia 'sends sophisticated weapons'". BBC News. 17 May 2013. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  7. ↑ "Despite Israeli protests, Russia won't halt arms sale to Syria". Haaretz.com. 30 August 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  8. ↑ "Bastion missile systems to protect Russian naval base in Syria". Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  9. ↑ "Syria Navy with Yakhont missile.flv". YouTube. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  10. ↑ "BBC News - Syria crisis: US rues Russian missiles sent to Damascus". BBC News. 18 May 2013. Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  11. ↑ Gordon, Michael R.; Schmitt, Eric (16 May 2013). "Russia Sends More Advanced Missiles to Aid Assad in Syria". Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
  12. ↑ Gordon, Michael R. (31 July 2013). "Some Syria Missiles Eluded Israeli Strike, Officials Say". New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  13. ↑ "YouTube". www.youtube.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  14. ↑ "Russia uses aircraft carrier for big attack on Syrian rebels". Reuters. 15 November 2016. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017 – via www.reuters.com.
  15. ↑ Eskaf, Mahmoud (15 November 2016). "Russian bombing by aircraft carrier in Syria, hours after Putin-Trump call".
  16. ↑ Reuters (1 May 2022). "Russia strikes U.S. weapons at airfield near Odesa, defence ministry says". Reuters. Retrieved 2 May 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  17. ↑ Litovkin, Dmitry (8 August 2013). "Russian supersonic missiles behave like wolves".
  18. ↑ "Archived copy". www.granit-electron.ru. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. ↑ "P-800 Yakhont 3M-55 P-800 Bolid SS-N-26". www.globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  20. ↑ "Brahmos Missiles - The Hans India". www.thehansindia.com. 12 August 2015. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  21. ↑ "ВПК "НПО машиностроения" - Новости". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  22. ↑ "Russia develops seaborne cruise missile with increased range capability — sources". Tass. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  23. ↑ "Missiles and Rockets of Hezbollah". Missile Threat. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020.
  24. ↑ Amos Harel and Gili Cohen: Hezbollah: From terror group to army, Haaretz, 12 July 2016. Quote: "Hezbollah now [as compared to 2006] has Yakhont missiles with a longer range, better precision and diverse launching options." [1] Archived 17 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  25. ↑ Koh Swee Lean Collin (31 May 2011). "Indonesia's Anti-ship Missiles: New Development In Naval Capabilities – Analysis". Eurasia Review. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  26. ↑ "Ракетный комплекс "Бастион" будет защищать берега Анапы". Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  27. ↑ Wertheim, Eric (2007). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems. Naval Institute Press. p. 625. ISBN 9781591149552. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  28. ↑ "Russia parades Bastion-P in Crimea". Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  29. ↑ "ЦАМТО / Новости / В Национальном центре управления обороной страны под руководством С.Шойгу прошел Единый день приемки военной продукции". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  30. ↑ "Russian Navy received more than 100 Kalibr, Onix missiles in 3rd quarter". Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  31. ↑ "Sputnik Images media library". Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  32. ↑ "Russia's First Yasen-Class Submarine is Combat-Ready". Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  33. ↑ "Advanced anti-ship cruise missile systems enter service with Russian Navy". Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  34. ↑ "National Centre for State Defence Control hosts Military Acceptance Day chaired by Russian Minister of Defence : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". Eng.mil.ru. 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  35. ↑ "Russian Navy takes delivery of 49 cruise missiles". TASS. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  36. ↑ "В Москве под руководством Верховного Главнокомандующего Вооруженными Силами России Владимира Путина прошло расширенное заседание Коллегии Минобороны : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". Function.mil.ru. 18 December 2018. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  37. ↑ "Russia's Pacific Fleet receives new divisional set of Bastion mobile coastal defence missile system - Jane's 360". www.janes.com.
  38. ↑ "ЦАМТО / Новости / Тихоокеанский флот получил новый дивизионный комплект подвижного берегового ракетного комплекса "Бастион"". www.armstrade.org.
  39. ↑ "Russia's Strategic Missile Force receives 9 ballistic missile systems since year start".
  40. ↑ "A total of 55 Oniks missiles shipped to Russian Navy in 2019".
  41. ↑ "Defense Ministry concludes contract for purchasing cruise missiles Onix at Army-2020 forum".
  42. ↑ "Over 200 weapon systems arrive for Russian troops in 2021 — defense chief".
  43. ↑ "Russian troops receive over 5,000 advanced weapon systems in 2021 — defense chief".
  44. ↑ "Lenta.ru: Наука и техника: Россия поставила Сирии противокорабельные комплексы "Бастион"". Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  45. ↑ Haaretz (1 December 2011). "Report: Russia delivers supersonic cruise missiles to Syria". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2 December 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  46. ↑ "/ /". 24 October 2011. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  47. ↑ "Indonesia's Anti-ship Missiles: New Development In Naval Capabilities - Analysis". Eurasia Review. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2014.

External links[edit]

Template:Russian and Soviet missiles

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