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{{short description|Indian independence movement activist}} | |||
{{Use Pakistani English|date=December 2017}} | {{Use Pakistani English|date=December 2017}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}} | ||
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| birth_place = [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | | birth_place = [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1924|11|13|1850}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1924|11|13|1850}} | ||
| spouse = Abdul Ali Khan<ref name= | | spouse = Abdul Ali Khan<ref name=cybercity/> | ||
| children = | | children = 16 <br/>including Maulana [[Mohammad Ali Jouhar]]<br/>Maulana [[Shaukat Ali (politician)|Shaukat Ali]]<ref name=cybercity/> | ||
| known_for = [[Indian independence movement]] activist<ref name= | | known_for = [[Indian independence movement]] activist<ref name=cybercity/> | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Abadi Bano Begum (Bi Amman )''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|عبادی بانو بیگم}}}}) (Born 1850 Died:13 November 1924) was a prominent voice in the [[Indian independence movement]]. She was also known as '''Bi Amman'''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCCDot1w8fUC&pg=PA82 |title=Understanding the Muslim Mind |last=Gandhi |first=Rajmohan |date=2003-04-15 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=9780140299052 |language=en}}</ref> She was one of the first Muslim women to actively take part in politics and was part of the movement to free India from the [[British Raj]].<ref name=Taneja/> | '''Abadi Bano Begum (Bi Amman )''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|عبادی بانو بیگم}}}}) (Born 1850 Died:13 November 1924) was a prominent voice in the [[Indian independence movement]]. She was also known as '''Bi Amman'''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCCDot1w8fUC&pg=PA82 |title=Understanding the Muslim Mind |last=Gandhi |first=Rajmohan |date=2003-04-15 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=9780140299052 |language=en}}</ref> She was one of the first Muslim women to actively take part in politics and was part of the movement to free India from the [[British Raj]].<ref name=Taneja/> | ||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
Born in 1850 in [[Uttar Pradesh]], she married Abdul Ali Khan, a senior official in the [[Rampur State]].<ref name= | Born in 1850 in [[Uttar Pradesh]], she married Abdul Ali Khan, a senior official in the [[Rampur State]].<ref name=cybercity>{{cite web|url=http://cybercity-online.net/pof/bi_amma.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122074854/http://cybercity-online.net/pof/bi_amma.html|title= Profile and postage stamp of Abadi Bano Begum (Bi Amma)|website=cybercity-online.net website|date=6 September 2003|archive-date=22 November 2010|access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=Rajmohan/> The couple had one daughter and five sons.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OT2OAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT169 |title=Minority Nationalisms in South Asia |last=Fazal |first=Tanweer |date=2013-10-18 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317966463 |language=en}}</ref> After her husband's death at a young age,<ref name=Rajmohan/> the responsibility to look after her children fell on her. Even though she had limited resources, Abadi Bano Begum pawned her personal jewelry to educate her children.<ref name=Rajmohan/><ref name=cybercity/> Bano Begum did not have any formal education but still sent her children to an English-medium school in the town of [[Bareilly]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=Rajmohan>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CorzOY37E0wC&pg=PA82 |title=Eight Lives: A Study of the Hindu-Muslim Encounter |last=Gandhi |first=Rajmohan |date=1986 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=9780887061967 |pages=82 |language=en}}</ref> Her sons, Maulana [[Mohammad Ali Jouhar]] and Maulana [[Shaukat Ali (politician)|Shaukat Ali]] went on to become leading figures of the [[Khilafat Movement]] and the Indian independence movement. They played an important role during the [[non-cooperation movement]] against the British Raj. | ||
Abadi Bano Begum took an active part in politics and was part of the Khilafat committee. In 1917, she joined the agitation to release [[Annie Besant]] and her two sons from prison.<ref name=Taneja/> [[Mahatma Gandhi]] encouraged her to speak, as she could get the support of women in the freedom movement.<ref name=Taneja>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JT_qqzH3f3IC&pg=PA88 |title=Gandhi, Women, and the National Movement, 1920–47 |last=Taneja |first=Anup |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=9788124110768 |pages=84–88 |language=en}}</ref> In 1917, during the sessions of the [[All India Muslim League]], she gave a most touching and forceful speech which left a lasting impression on the Muslims of British India.<ref name= | Abadi Bano Begum took an active part in politics and was part of the Khilafat committee. In 1917, she joined the agitation to release [[Annie Besant]] and her two sons from prison.<ref name=Taneja/> [[Mahatma Gandhi]] encouraged her to speak, as she could get the support of women in the freedom movement.<ref name=Taneja>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JT_qqzH3f3IC&pg=PA88 |title=Gandhi, Women, and the National Movement, 1920–47 |last=Taneja |first=Anup |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=9788124110768 |pages=84–88 |language=en}}</ref> In 1917, during the sessions of the [[All India Muslim League]], she gave a most touching and forceful speech which left a lasting impression on the Muslims of British India.<ref name=cybercity/> | ||
She traveled extensively throughout India to galvanize support for the Khilafat movement. Abadi Bano Begum played an important part in fundraising for the Khilafat movement and the Indian independence movement. She, along with Begum Hasrat Mohani, the wife of Maulana [[Hasrat Mohani]], Basanti Devi, [[Sarala Devi]] Chaudhurani, and [[Sarojini Naidu]], often addressed women-only gatherings and exhorted women to donate to the ''Tilak Swaraj Fund'' which was set up by [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] for the Indian freedom movement.<ref name=Taneja/> She was active in the freedom movement until her death in 1924.<ref name=Taneja/> | She traveled extensively throughout India to galvanize support for the Khilafat movement. Abadi Bano Begum played an important part in fundraising for the Khilafat movement and the Indian independence movement. She, along with Begum Hasrat Mohani, the wife of Maulana [[Hasrat Mohani]], Basanti Devi, [[Sarala Devi]] Chaudhurani, and [[Sarojini Naidu]], often addressed women-only gatherings and exhorted women to donate to the ''Tilak Swaraj Fund'' which was set up by [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] for the Indian freedom movement.<ref name=Taneja/> She was active in the freedom movement until her death in 1924.<ref name=Taneja/> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Abadi Bano Begum died on 13 November 1924 at age 73.<ref name= | Abadi Bano Begum died on 13 November 1924 at age 73.<ref name=cybercity/> | ||
===Commemorative postage stamp=== | ===Commemorative postage stamp=== | ||
On 14 August 1990, [[Pakistan Post]] Office issued a commemorative postage stamp in her honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.<ref name= | On 14 August 1990, [[Pakistan Post]] Office issued a commemorative postage stamp in her honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.<ref name=cybercity/> | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||