Parasteatoda

Parasteatoda
P. japonica, female
P. japonica, male
Scientific classification
:	[[Template:Taxonomy/Parasteatoda]] Archer, 1946
Type species
P. tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841)
Species
42, see text

Parasteatoda is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Allan Frost Archer in 1946. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek "para-" (παρά), meaning "near" or "next to", and the theridiid genus Steatoda. The Japanese name for this genus is O-himogumo zoku ("thread silk spider family").

Species

It is mostly an Old World genus, with many species found in Asia and New Guinea, though the distribution reaches into Europe. A few species originate from the New World, but many have been introduced, and they are becoming more widespread in the Americas and Europe.

As of May 2020 it contains forty-two species and two subspecies:

• Parasteatoda aequipeiformis Yang, Irfan & Peng, 2019 – China
• Parasteatoda angulithorax (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan
• Parasteatoda asiatica (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – China, Korea, Japan
• Parasteatoda camura (Simon, 1877) – Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is.
• Parasteatoda celsabdomina (Zhu, 1998) – India, China, Thailand, Laos
• Parasteatoda cingulata (Zhu, 1998) – China
• Parasteatoda corrugata Yoshida, 2016 – Japan
• Parasteatoda culicivora (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – China, Japan
• Parasteatoda daliensis (Zhu, 1998) – China, Laos
• Parasteatoda decorata (L. Koch, 1867) – Indonesia (Krakatau), New Guinea, Australia (Queensland)
• Parasteatoda ducta (Zhu, 1998) – China
• Parasteatoda galeiforma (Zhu, Zhang & Xu, 1991) – China
• Parasteatoda gui (Zhu, 1998) – China
• Parasteatoda hammeni (Chrysanthus, 1963) – New Guinea
• Parasteatoda hatsushibai Yoshida, 2009 – Japan
• Parasteatoda jinghongensis (Zhu, 1998) – China
• Parasteatoda kaindi (Levi, Lubin & Robinson, 1982) – New Guinea
• Parasteatoda kentingensis Yoshida, 2015 – Taiwan
• Parasteatoda kompirensis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – India, China, Korea, Japan
• Parasteatoda lanyuensis (Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000) – Taiwan
• Parasteatoda longiducta (Zhu, 1998) – China
• Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran
  • Parasteatoda l. serrata (Franganillo, 1930) – Cuba
• Parasteatoda merapiensis Yoshida & Takasuka, 2011 – Indonesia (Java)
• Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884) – Mexico to Argentina
• Parasteatoda oxymaculata (Zhu, 1998) – China, India, Laos
• Parasteatoda palmata Gao & Li, 2014 – China
• Parasteatoda polygramma (Kulczyński, 1911) – New Guinea
• Parasteatoda quadrimaculata (Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000) – Taiwan
• Parasteatoda ryukyu (Yoshida, 2000) – Japan, Ryukyu Is., Taiwan
• Parasteatoda simulans (Thorell, 1875) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
• Parasteatoda songi (Zhu, 1998) – China
• Parasteatoda subtabulata (Zhu, 1998) – China
• Parasteatoda subvexa (Zhu, 1998) – China
• Parasteatoda tabulata (Levi, 1980) – Tropical Asia. Introduced to North America, Europe, Georgia, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
• Parasteatoda taiwanica Yoshida, 2015 – Taiwan
• Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841) (type) – South America. Introduced to Canada, USA, Seychelles, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan, New Zealand, Hawaii
  • Parasteatoda t. australis (Thorell, 1895) – Myanmar
• Parasteatoda transipora (Zhu & Zhang, 1992) – China
• Parasteatoda triangula (Yoshida, 1993) – Singapore, Indonesia (Java, Bali)
• Parasteatoda valoka (Chrysanthus, 1975) – New Guinea, Papua New Guinea (New Britain)
• Parasteatoda vervoorti (Chrysanthus, 1975) – New Guinea
• Parasteatoda wangi Jin & Zhang, 2013 – China
• Parasteatoda wau (Levi, Lubin & Robinson, 1982) – New Guinea

Formerly included:

• P. brookesiana (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)
• P. campanulata (Chen, 1993) (Transferred to Campanicola)
• P. ferrumequina (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Campanicola)
• P. japonica (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)
• P. mundula (L. Koch, 1872) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)
• P. mundula (Chrysanthus, 1963) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)
• P. oculiprominens Saito, 1939 (Transferred to Keijiella)
• P. tesselata (Keyserling, 1884) (Transferred to Nihonhimea)

In synonymy:

• P. boqueronica (Kraus, 1955) = Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884)
• P. krausi (Chrysanthus, 1963) = Parasteatoda camura (Simon, 1877)
• P. lunata (Olivier, 1789) = Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757)
• P. mesax Levi, 1959 = Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884)
• P. nipponica (Yoshida, 1983) = Parasteatoda tabulata (Levi, 1980)
• P. obnubila (Keyserling, 1891) = Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884)
• P. pallida (Walckenaer, 1841) = Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841)

See also

• List of Theridiidae species

Further reading

• Song, D. X.; Zhu, M. S.; Chen, J. (1999). The Spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang. p. 640.
• Zhu, M. S. (1998). Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing. p. 436.
• Yin, C. M.; et al. (2012). Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha. p. 1590.
• Yoshida, H. (2009), "Uloboridae, Theridiidae, Ctenidae", in Ono, H. (ed.), The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species