Canada and state-sponsored terrorism

Canada and state-sponsored terrorism refers to allegations that the Canadian government, either directly or indirectly, supports or tolerates extremist and terrorist groups, particularly those linked to Sikh separatism and other militant organizations. Critics argue that Canada’s permissive policies toward certain factions have fostered an environment conducive to radicalization and violence, especially in relation to India.

Background

Canada is home to a significant Sikh diaspora, many of whom advocate for the creation of an independent Sikh state known as Khalistan. This movement has been linked to violent extremism, particularly during the 1980s, when a series of violent incidents, including bombings and assassinations, were carried out by Khalistani militants. Among these, the 1985 bombing of Air India Flight 182 stands out as a tragic example. The attack, which killed all 329 passengers and crew on board, was orchestrated by the Babbar Khalsa, a militant group advocating for Khalistan. Despite extensive investigations, the Canadian government has faced criticism for its perceived failure to effectively counter such extremist elements within its borders.

Allegations of support for extremism

Critics of Canada’s approach to terrorism assert that the government has, at times, provided tacit support to groups advocating for Khalistan. This support is often framed as a commitment to free speech and the right to self-determination. However, detractors argue that this leniency has allowed extremist ideologies to flourish. The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) has noted that while the vast majority of Sikh Canadians are peaceful, a small minority continue to espouse radical views and advocate violence.

Government shelter for extremists

The current Canadian government, under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, has been accused of providing shelter to extremists and gangsters who work against India, motivated by a desire to secure a vote bank. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) of India has dismissed the Trudeau government's claims regarding India's alleged involvement in extremism as “preposterous imputations” that serve the political agenda of the current regime. This perception of political opportunism is heightened by the withdrawal of India’s High Commissioner and diplomats from Canada in response to deteriorating diplomatic relations. Khalistani terrorist Hardeep Singh Nijjar was killed by unidentified gunmen outside a Gurdwara in Surrey, Canada, on June 18, 2023. Sources indicate that for the past year, India has been seeking evidence in the case related to Nijjar's killing, but has received no formal response from Canada. Furthermore, allegations have surfaced suggesting that the Trudeau government is risking diplomatic relations with India due to political compulsions related to its minority government status.

Political compromises and gangster culture

There is a growing concern that Canada is becoming a hub for gangsters and Khalistani militants who are granted fast-tracked visas and citizenship. The Indian government has expressed frustration over the lack of cooperation from the Trudeau administration concerning extradition requests for individuals involved in criminal activities. Notably, Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, leader of Sikh for Justice (SFJ), has been openly threatening Indian diplomats on social media while conducting illegal activities, including orchestrating killings in India.

Inaction against extremist activities

The Canadian government has been accused of failing to designate certain groups linked to Sikh extremism as terrorist organizations, thereby enabling their fundraising and recruitment activities. Reports have suggested that the Canadian government has not taken adequate measures to curb the activities of Khalistani extremists, allowing them to operate freely, organize rallies, and even raise funds in support of their cause. This perceived inaction has raised concerns, particularly from the Indian government, which argues that Canada is harboring elements that pose a direct threat to its national security.

The inaction has led to calls for stronger measures against such groups, with critics arguing that Canada must prioritize its international obligations to combat terrorism over domestic political considerations. The 2018 Sikh Heritage Month declaration, which celebrated Khalistani leaders, faced backlash for allegedly romanticizing figures associated with violence and terrorism.

Political support for Khalistani sentiments

Prominent Canadian politicians have also been accused of sympathizing with the Khalistani movement. Jagmeet Singh, the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) and a Member of Parliament, has faced scrutiny for his outspoken views on India and his perceived support for Khalistani activists. Critics argue that Singh’s rhetoric contributes to a narrative that undermines India’s sovereignty and supports extremist elements. His vocal opposition to India’s policies, particularly regarding issues such as the farmers’ protests and religious freedom, has drawn ire from various quarters, with allegations that his stance aligns him with Khalistani sympathizers.

International responses and criticism

Various international bodies and governments have criticized Canada’s handling of Sikh extremism. India, in particular, has raised concerns about Canada’s failure to adequately address the activities of Khalistani groups, which India considers a threat to its national security. In 2021, Indian officials expressed frustration at the Canadian government’s perceived inaction regarding the activities of Khalistani supporters within Canada, which they argue undermine the fight against terrorism.

Furthermore, an internal report from CSIS has indicated that while Canada has made strides in combating terrorism, there remain gaps in the monitoring and containment of extremist groups. The report highlighted that individuals and organizations associated with Khalistani militancy continue to operate with relative impunity, raising questions about the effectiveness of Canadian counterterrorism strategies.