Template:Infobox sulfur

Sulfur, ₁₆S

Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-caption
Sulfur
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Alternative name	Sulphur (pre-1992 British spelling)
Allotropes	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-allotropes
Appearance	Lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope
Sulfur in the periodic table
Template:Infobox element/periodic table
Atomic number (Z)	16
Group	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-group
Period	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-period
Block	Template:Infobox element/block format
Electron configuration	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 6
Physical properties
Phase at STP	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-phase
Melting point	alpha (α-S8): 388.36 K ​(115.21 °C, ​239.38 °F)
Boiling point	717.8 K ​(444.6 °C, ​832.3 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	alpha (α-S8): 2.07 g/cm3 beta (β-S8): 1.96 g/cm3 gamma (γ-S8): 1.92 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.819 g/cm3
Critical point	1314 K, 20.7 MPa
Heat of fusion	beta (β-S8): 1.727 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	beta (β-S8): 45 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	22.75 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressureTemplate:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Element-symbol-to-oxidation-state-data
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.58
Ionization energies	1st: 999.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 2252 kJ/mol 3rd: 3357 kJ/mol (more)
Covalent radius	105±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Natural occurrence	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-occurrence
Crystal structure	alpha (α-S8): ​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure (oF128)
Lattice constants	Template:Infobox element/crystal structure a = 1.0460 nm b = 1.2861 nm c = 2.4481 nm (at 20 °C)
Crystal structure	beta (β-S8): ​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure (mP48)
Lattice constants	Template:Infobox element/crystal structure a = 1.0923 nm b = 1.0851 nm c = 1.0787 nm β = 95.905° (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	0.205 W/(m⋅K) (amorphous)
Electrical resistivity	2×1015  Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) (amorphous)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	alpha (α-S8): −15.5×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Bulk modulus	7.7 GPa
Mohs hardness	2.0
CAS Number	7704-34-9
History
Naming	from the Latin sulpur
Discovery	before 2000 BCE
Symbol	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol-etymology
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1777)
Isotopes of sulfur Template:V

child table, as reused in {IB-S} Template:V
Main isotopes of Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-name
{{infobox Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-name isotopes|child=yes}}

Template:Infobox element/symbol-to--overview1

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