| Kyide Nyimagon | |
|---|---|
| Ngari Khorsum | |
| Maryul | |
| Successor | Lhachen Palgyigon |
| Guge-Purang | |
| Successor | Tashigön |
| Zanskar | |
| Successor | Detsukgön |
| Born | Khri-skyid-lding Lhasa |
| Died | c. 930 Tsaparang |
| Consort | 'K'or-skyon[1] |
| bo | སྐྱིད་ཨིདེ་ཉི་མ་མགོན |
| Father | Depal Khortsen |
Kyide Nyimagon (died c. 930)[2] (Tibetan: སྐྱིད་ཨིདེ་ཉི་མ་མགོན, Wylie: skyid ide nyi ma mgon, THL: kyi idé nyi ma gön; Chinese: 吉德尼玛衮; pinyin: jídé nímǎgǔn), whose original name was Khri-skyid-lding, was a member of the Yarlung dynasty of Tibet and a descendant of emperor Langdarma, who founded the kingdom of Ngari Khorsum ("the three divisions of Ngari")[3] in Western Tibet around 912 CE. After his death, his large kingdom was divided among his three sons, giving rise to the three kingdoms of Maryul (Ladakh), Guge-Purang and Zanskar-Spiti.
Family
After the assassination of the emperor Langdarma, the Tibetan empire entered a period of civil war over succession by Langdarma's two sons Yumtän (Yum-brtan) and Ösung ('Odsrung), which divided the empire into two parts.[3][4] Ösung's son Depal Khortsen (c. 870–c. 910)[5] is believed to have controlled most or part of Central Tibet.[6]
Palgyigon was one of the sons of Depal Khortsen, the other being Trashi Tsentsän (bKraśis-brtsegs-brtsan).[1] Both the sons fled Ü-Tsang (Central Tibet) in 910 when their father was murdered, at the end of the 3rd revolt in Ü-Tsang, which is taken to mark the beginning of the Tibetan Era of Fragmentation.
Reign
Nyimagon established a kingdom in Ngari (Western Tibet), in or around 912. He annexed the kingdoms of Purang and Guge. He then established his capital in Guge.
The Sino-Tibetan culture came to replace the culture of Brokpa and Mons in present-day Ladakh, which had been present in the region for a long time.[2]
Succession
He gave Lhachen Palgyigon (Tibetan: དཔལ་གྱི་མགོན, Wylie: dpal gyi mgon), his elder son, the kingdom of Maryul (now known as Ladakh).[7] His other two sons, Tashigön (Tibetan: བཀྲ་སིས་མགོན, Wylie: bkra sis mgon), and Detsukgön (Tibetan: ལྡེ་གཙུག་མགོན, Wylie: lde gtsug mgon) received respectively Guge-Purang and Zanskar. These three countries together were called Ngari Korsum.[8][7]
He died around 930.[2]
Tashigön's son Yeshe-Ö, lama-king, who inherited from him Guge-Purang in 967,[9] abdicated in 975 and devoted himself to monastic life.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Petech 1977, p. 15.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hāṇḍā 2001, p. 128.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ryavec 2015, p. 70.
- ↑ Schlichtmann, Klaus (2016), A Peace History of India: From Ashoka Maurya to Mahatma Gandhi, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, p. 108, ISBN 978-93-85563-52-2
- ↑ McKay 2003, p. 57.
- ↑ Petech 1977, pp. 14–15.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Francke 1992, p. 94.
- ↑ Fisher, Rose & Huttenback 1963, p. 19.
- ↑ Hāṇḍā 2001, p. 209.
Bibliography
- Di Mattia, Marialaura (Summer 1996), "Historical Profile of Ladakhi Religious Architecture", The Tibet Journal, 21 (2, Shaping the Mind: Artistic Facets of Tibetan Civilization), Library of Tibetan Works and Archives: 90–127
- Fisher, Margaret W.; Rose, Leo E.; Huttenback, Robert A. (1963), Himalayan Battleground: Sino-Indian Rivalry in Ladakh, Praeger, doi:10.2307/40199339, hdl:2027/mdp.39015010426792
- Francke, August Hermann (1992) [1926], Antiquities of Indian Tibet, vol. 38, Volume 50 of New imperial series, Asian Educational Services, p. 94, ISBN 81-206-0769-4
- Francke, August Hermann (1907), A History of Western Tibet: One of the Unknown Empires, London: S.W. Partridge & Co
- Jahoda, Christian; Kalantari, Christiane (2015), "Kingship in Western Tibet in the 10th and 11th Centuries", Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie, 24, École française d’Extrême-Orient: 77–104
- Hāṇḍā, Om Chanda (2001), Buddhist Western Himalaya: A Politico-Religious History, New Dehli: Indus Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7387-124-5
- McKay, Alex (2003), The History of Tibet, RoutledgeCurzon, ISBN 9780415308427
- Petech, Luciano (1977), The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. (PDF), Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente – via academia.edu
- Ryavec, Karl E. (2015), A Historical Atlas of Tibet, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-24394-8