Lakshmana Sena
Lakshmana Sena (Bengali: লক্ষ্মণ সেন; reign: 1178–1206), also called Ariraj-Madan-Shankara Parama-Narasinha Gaudeshwar Lakshman Sen (Bengali: অরিরাজ-মদনশঙ্কর পরমনরসিংহ গৌড়েশ্বর লক্ষ্মণ সেন) modern vernaculars, was the ruler from the Sena dynasty of the Bengal region on the Indian subcontinent. His rule lasted for 28 years; and extended to much of the eastern regions of the Indian subcontinent, notably Bengal, Bihar, Kamrup (Assam), Kalinga (Orissa), Kashi, Kanauj and Delhi.[1] He brutally slaughtered the Khilji raiders and successfully resisted the invasion of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji in Bengal.[2]
| Gaudeshwar Lakshmana Sena গৌড়েশ্বর লক্ষ্মণ সেন | |
|---|---|
| File:Potrait of Gaudeswar Lakshmana Sena.jpg Imaginary portrait of Lakshmana Sena (2020) | |
| King of Bengal | |
| Reign | 1178–1206 |
| Predecessor | Ballala Sena |
| Successor | Vishvarupa Sena |
| Spouse | Tandra Devi |
| Issue | Vishvarupa Sena Keshava Sena |
| House | Sena |
| Father | Ballala Sena |
| Mother | Ramadevi |
Lakshmana Sena succeeded his father Ballala Sena. The history of his reign can be reconstructed from the epigraphs of his time so far discovered. Besides the writings of Umapati Dhar, Sharan and the book Tabaqt-i-Nasiri is helpful for collecting information about him. He defeated King Jayachandra. The capital city of his kingdom was at Bikrampur. He was interested in literature and wrote due part of Adbhuta Sagara, a book incompletely written by his father.[3]
Military expansion
Conquest of Kamrup
Lakshman Sen invaded Kamrup at a very young age as the commander of his grandfather King Vijay Sen. Frightened by Lakshman's attack, the king of Kamrup was forced to submit. It is thought that Vijayasena expelled the ruler of Kamrup. Later, King Lakshman Sen completely conquered the kingdom of Kamrup.[4]
Conquest of Kalinga
According to Lakshman Sen's Bhawal and Madhainagar (Maldah) inscriptions that Lakshman Sen conducted the Kalinga state expedition in his youth. Later the Kalinga state came under the control of the Sena Empire. [5]
Conquest of Gaya and Kanauj
Vijay Sen had earlier sailed to Garhwal in northern India. During the Sena rule, the relations of the Sena with the Garhwal kings were not good and were competitive. Lakshman Sen defeated the Garhwal king Jayachandra Singh and annexed the region from Gaya to Kanauj.
Expulsion of Khilji
According to the poets of Sena royal court, Sharana and Umapatidhara shlokas, Marankamalladeva Lakshman Sen fought with Mlecchnarendra Bakhtiyar Khilji (probably an arrow war) so that Bakhtiyar lost his weapon and shouted Hathiyar Hathiyar. Bakhtiyar was then defeated by Gaudeshwara and fled to Bihar and Lakshman Sen regained his kingdom. [6] Thus Lakshman Sen is the first king of India that successfully defeated and resisted Turkic invasion.
Religious policy
King Lakshman Sen was a devout Vaishnava. He was the devotee of Lord Nrisimha, the fourth incarnation of Lord Vishnu. His royal titles were "Parama-Vaishnava", "Parama-Narasinha" and "Ariraj-Madhavashankara". In his royal court, the great poet Jayadeva composed the famous Vaishnava padavali Gitagovinda. The royal symbol of the Sen dynasty was Ugramadhava and the Sena army's war cry was "Radhamadhaboyobarjayanti".
Lakshmanabda
He established a new calendar era, named Lakshmanabda (লক্ষনাব্দ) that was used in Bengal and Bihar for at least 400 years.[7][8] He also founded the prominent medieval city of Lakhnauti.[8]
Poet Jayadeva
The famous Sanskrit poet of 12th century, Jayadeva was a poet in Lakshmana Sena's court. He composed the 'Gitagovinda' which described the romance of Radha and Krishna.[9]
See also
References
- ↑ https://bn.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80_(%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4)_-_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8.pdf/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AD
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ Misra, Chitta Ranjan. "Laksmanasena". Banglapedia. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
- ↑ 'Brihat Banga', Dinesh Chandra Sen
- ↑ Chattopadhyay, Annapurna (1994). "Some Aspects of the Village in Ancient Bengal : Size and Periphery". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 55: 108–114. JSTOR 44143337.
- ↑ "Bangalir Itihas", NR Roy, pp-407
- ↑ F., Kielhorn (1890). "The Epoch of the Lakshmanasena Era". The Indian Antiquary, A Journal of Oriental Research. XIX.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sarkar, Anil Kumar (October 2013). "History of Bengal as Reflected in the Tabaqat-i-Nasiri of Minhaj Uddin us Siraj". TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies. 5: 31.
- ↑ Siegel, Lee (2017). Gita Govinda. New York. pp. xxvii–xxxi. ISBN 978-0-8147-4079-8. OCLC 1124550795.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
| Preceded by Ballala Sena |
King of Sena Dynasty, Bengal 1178–1206 |
Succeeded by Vishvarupa Sena |
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