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A late 6th-century BC funerary inscription from [[Attica]] emphasizes the consequences of coming under Ares's sway:{{poem quote|Stay and mourn at the tomb of dead Kroisos | A late 6th-century BC funerary inscription from [[Attica]] emphasizes the consequences of coming under Ares's sway:{{poem quote|Stay and mourn at the tomb of dead Kroisos | ||
Whom raging Ares destroyed one day, fighting in the foremost ranks.<ref>Athens, NM 3851 quoted in Andrew Stewart, ''One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works'', Introduction: I. "The Sources"</ref>}} | Whom raging Ares destroyed one day, fighting in the foremost ranks.<ref>Athens, NM 3851 quoted in Andrew Stewart, ''One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works'', Introduction: I. "The Sources"</ref>}} | ||
== Mythology == | |||
[[File:Ares Ludovisi Altemps Inv8602 n2.jpg|thumb|''The [[Ludovisi Ares]]'', Roman version of a Greek original c. 320 BC, with 17th-century restorations by [[Bernini]]]] | |||
===Birth=== | |||
He is one of the [[Twelve Olympians]], and the son of [[Zeus]] and [[Hera]].<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''Theogony'' 921 ([[Loeb Classical Library]] [https://archive.org/details/hesiod00hesi <!-- quote="she, mingling in love" Ares. --> numbering]); ''[[Iliad]]'', 5.890–896. By contrast, Ares's Roman counterpart [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]] was born from [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]] alone, according to [[Ovid]] (''[[Fasti (Ovid)|Fasti]]'' 5.229–260).</ref> | |||
===Argonautica=== | |||
In the ''[[Argonautica]]'', the ''Golden Fleece'' hangs in a grove sacred to Ares, until its theft by [[Jason (mythology)|Jason]]. The Birds of Ares (''Ornithes Areioi'') drop feather darts in defense of the [[Amazons]]' shrine to Ares, as father of their queen, on a coastal island in the [[Black Sea]].<ref>''[[Argonautica]]'' (ii.382ff and 1031ff; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' 30.</ref> | |||
===Founding of Thebes=== | |||
Ares plays a central role in the [[founding myth]] of [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], as the progenitor of the water-dragon slain by [[Cadmus]]. The dragon's teeth were sown into the ground as if a crop and sprang up as the fully armored [[indigenous peoples|autochthon]]ic [[Spartoi]]. Cadmus placed himself in the god's service for eight years to atone for killing the dragon.<ref name=":2">Roman, L., & Roman, M. (2010). {{Google books|tOgWfjNIxoMC|Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology.|page=80}}</ref> To further propitiate Ares, Cadmus married [[Harmonia]], a daughter of Ares's union with Aphrodite. In this way, Cadmus harmonized all strife and founded the city of Thebes.<ref name="Burkert, p. 169"/> In reality, Thebes came to dominate [[Boeotia]]'s great and fertile plain, which in both history and myth was a battleground for competing polities.<ref>Marchand, Fabienne, and Beck, Hans,''The Dancing Floor of Ares: Local Conflict and Regional Violence in Central Greece,'' Ancient History Bulletin, Supplemental Volume 1 (2020) | |||
{{ISSN|0835-3638}}</ref> According to Plutarch, the plain was anciently described as "The dancing-floor of Ares".<ref>Plutarch, ''Marcellus'', 21.2</ref> | |||