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| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Narendra Modi voice.ogg|title=Narendra Modi's voice|type=speech|description=Narendra Modi on the COVID-19 pandemic<br />Recorded 19 March 2020}}
| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Narendra Modi voice.ogg|title=Narendra Modi's voice|type=speech|description=Narendra Modi on the COVID-19 pandemic<br />Recorded 19 March 2020}}
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{{Narendra Modi series}}
{{Narendra Modi series}}
'''Narendra Damodardas Modi''' ({{IPA-gu|ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː|lang|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg}}; born 17 September 1950){{Efn|''Narendra Modi'' was born ''Narendrabhai Damodardas Modi'' on 17 September 1950. He uses ''Damodardas'' as his middle name—[[Gujarati people|Gujaratis]] have a tradition of [[Patronymic|using the names of their fathers]] as their middle names—but he is widely known as ''Narendra Modi''.{{harvard citation|Marino|2014|pp=4–5}}|name="foo"|group=}} is an Indian politician who has served as the 14th [[Prime Minister of India]] since 26 May 2014. Modi was the [[chief minister of Gujarat]] from 2001 to 2014 and is the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]]. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[right wing]] [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalist]] paramilitary volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=The rise and journey of Narendra Modi as the leader reshaping India: timeline |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/the-rise-and-journey-of-narendra-modi-timeline/article68245652.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |date=6 June 2024 |access-date=25 June 2024 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628060552/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/the-rise-and-journey-of-narendra-modi-timeline/article68245652.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>


Modi was born and raised in [[Vadnagar]] in northeastern [[Gujarat]], where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight. At the age of 18, he was married to [[Jashodaben Modi]], whom he abandoned soon after, only publicly acknowledging her four decades later when legally required to do so. Modi became a full-time worker for the RSS in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985 and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.{{efn|Sources stating that [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]], specially in the case of Narendra Modi.<ref name="Asrar">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/narendra-modis-political-journey-from-rss-worker-to-bjps-pm-candidate-534530|website=[[NDTV]]|title=Narendra Modi's political journey from RSS worker to BJP's PM candidate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808041721/https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/narendra-modis-political-journey-from-rss-worker-to-bjps-pm-candidate-534530|archive-date=8 August 2020|last=Asrar|first=Nadim|date=26 February 2014|access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/pm-modi-turns-69-a-timeline-of-his-political-career-761937.html|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|title=PM Modi turns 69: A timeline of his political career|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115073300/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/pm-modi-turns-69-a-timeline-of-his-political-career-761937.html|archive-date=15 January 2021|date=17 September 2019|access-date=13 January 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||first=Ravish|last=Tiwari|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20141208-rss-sangh-nda-bjp-l-k-advani-narendra-modi-cover-story-806098-2014-11-27|title=The low-profile RSS apparatchik is the newface of power in the NDA|website=[[India Today]]|date=27 November 2014|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>|name=|group=}} In 2001, Modi was appointed Chief Minister of Gujarat and elected to the legislative assembly soon after. His administration is considered complicit in the [[2002 Gujarat riots]],{{efn|Sources describing Modi's administration as complicit in the 2002 violence.<ref name="Bobbio" /><ref name="The Clash Within" /><ref name="Shani" /><ref name="Buncombe" /><ref name="Jaffrelot2013">{{#invoke:cite journal||last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |s2cid=154404089 |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |title=Gujarat Elections: The Sub-Text of Modi's 'Hattrick'—High Tech Populism and the 'Neo-middle Class' |journal=[[Studies in Indian Politics]] |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=June 2013 |pages=79–95 |doi= 10.1177/2321023013482789 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270671263 |access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref>}} and has been criticised for its management of the crisis. According to official records, a little over 1,000 people were killed, three-quarters of whom were Muslim; independent sources estimated 2,000 deaths, mostly Muslim.<ref name=unofficial-mortality>* {{citation|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|translator-last=Schoch|translator-first=Cynthia|title=Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy|location=Princeton and Oxford|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2021|isbn=978-0-691-20680-6|pages=40–41|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbUSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=22 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622222450/https://books.google.com/books?id=NbUSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|url-status=live}}
 
* {{citation|last=Shahani|first=Nishant|title=Pink Revolutions: Globalization, Hindutva, and Queer Triangles in Contemporary India|series=Critical Ethnic Studies Association series|location=Evanston, Illinois|isbn=978-0-8101-4363-0|year=2021|publisher=Northwestern University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GB4uEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT316|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=22 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622222452/https://books.google.com/books?id=GB4uEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT316|url-status=live}}
'''Narendra Damodardas Modi''' ({{efn|{{lang-gu|નરેન્દ્ર દામોદરદાસ મોદી}} {{transliteration|gu|ISO|नरेन्द्र दामोदरदास मोदी}} {{IPA-gu|n̪əɾeːn̪d̪ɾə d̪ɑːmoːd̪əɾəd̪ɑːs̪ə moːd̪iː|lang|Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg}}}}), born on 17th September 1950, is the current Prime Minister of India, a position he has held since 26th May 2014. Before becoming the Prime Minister, he was the Chief Minister of Gujarat for 13 years, from 2001 to 2014. He represents [[Varanasi]] in the Parliament of India and is a key member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a socio-cultural organisation. Notably, he is the longest-serving Prime Minister in India who is not from the [[Indian National Congress]] party.
* {{citation|last=Dhattiwala|first=Raheel|title=Keeping the Peace: Spatial Differences in Hindu-Muslim Violence in Gujarat in 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-108-49759-6|page=73|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B0qPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=22 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622222451/https://books.google.com/books?id=B0qPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}
 
* {{citation|last=Kinnvall|first=Catarina|title=Populism, ontological insecurity and Hindutva: Modi and the masculinization of Indian politics|journal=Cambridge Review of International Affairs|year=2019|volume=32|issue=3|pages=238–302, 295|doi=10.1080/09557571.2019.1588851|s2cid=164991567 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A Special Investigation Team appointed by the [[Supreme Court of India]] in 2012 found no evidence to initiate prosecution proceedings against him.{{efn|In 2012, a court stated that investigations had found no evidence against Modi.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-17664751|title=India Gujarat Chief Minister Modi cleared in riots case|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=10 April 2012|access-date=17 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220174351/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-17664751|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sit-finds-no-proof-against-modi-says-court/article3300175.ece|title=SIT finds no proof against Modi, says court|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 April 2012|access-date=17 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221082846/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sit-finds-no-proof-against-modi-says-court/article3300175.ece|archive-date=21 December 2016|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Manas}}</ref>}} While his policies as chief minister were credited for encouraging economic growth, his administration was criticised for failing to significantly improve health, poverty and education indices in the state.{{efn|Sources stating that Modi has failed to improve human development indices in Gujarat:<ref name="Buncombe" /><ref name="Jaffrelot2013" />}}
 
Narendra Modi spent his childhood in Vadnagar, a town in northeastern Gujarat, where he finished his school education. At a young age of eight, he was introduced to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Modi got married to Jashodaben at the age of 18, but he left her soon after the marriage. It was only many years later, when it was required by law, that he publicly acknowledged her as his wife. In 1971, Modi became a full-time worker for the RSS in Gujarat. Later, in 1985, the RSS assigned him to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), where he quickly rose through the ranks and became the general secretary in 1998. In 2001, Modi took over as the Chief Minister of Gujarat and soon got elected to the state legislative assembly. However, his government faced severe criticism for its handling of the 2002 Gujarat riots, which resulted in the loss of many lives. Official records show that over 1,000 people died. Although a special investigation team set up by the Supreme Court in 2012 did not find enough evidence to prosecute him. His policies as Chief Minister were praised for promoting economic growth in Gujarat.
 


In the [[2014 Indian general election]], Modi led the BJP to a [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] majority, the first for a party since [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]. His administration increased direct foreign investment, and it reduced spending on healthcare, education, and social-welfare programmes. Modi began a [[Swachh Bharat Mission|high-profile sanitation campaign]], controversially initiated a [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation|demonetisation of banknotes]] and introduced the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax]], and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. Modi's administration launched the [[2019 Balakot airstrike]] against an alleged terrorist training camp in Pakistan. The airstrike failed,<ref name=lalwani-tallo-2019>{{citation|last1=Lalwani|first1=Sameer|last2=Tallo|first2=Emily|date=17 April 2019|title=Did India shoot down a Pakistani F-16 in February? This just became a big deal: There are broader implications for India — and the United States|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/|access-date=27 January 2023|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130122209/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ian-hall-1>{{citation|last=Hall|first=Ian|title = India's 2019 General Election: National Security and the Rise of the Watchmen|journal=The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs|volume= 108|year=2019|issue=5|pages=507–519, 510|doi=10.1080/00358533.2019.1658360 |s2cid=203266692 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2019.1658360}}</ref> but the action had nationalist appeal.<ref name=jaffrelot-2021-helicopter>{{citation|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2021|isbn=978-0-691-22309-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7USEAAAQBAJ}}</ref> Modi's party won the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]] which followed.<ref name="BS Book review" /> In its second term, his administration [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]],<ref name=britannica-jammu-kashmir>{{citation|last1=Akhtar|first1=Rais|last2=Kirk|first2=William|title=Jammu and Kashmir, State, India|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir|accessdate=7 August 2019|archive-date=19 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619220652/https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir|url-status=live}} (subscription required)</ref><ref name="Osmańczyk2003">{{citation|last1=Osmańczyk|first1=Edmund Jan|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93922-5|pages=1191–|access-date=8 June 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117140437/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|url-status=live}}</ref> and introduced the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Act]], prompting [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|widespread protests]], and spurring the [[2020 Delhi riots]] in which Muslims were brutalised and killed by Hindu mobs.<ref name="guardian-3-6-20">{{citation|title='I cannot find my father's body': Delhi's fearful Muslims mourn riot dead|last1=Ellis-Peterson|first1=Hannah|last2=Azizur Rahman|first2=Shaikh|location=Delhi|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead|date=6 March 2020|access-date=7 March 2020|archive-date=6 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306202841/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=wamsley-frayer-npr-2020-2-26-3>{{citation|last1=Wamsley|first1=Laurel|last2=Frayer|first2=Lauren|publisher=NPR|title=In New Delhi, Days Of Deadly Violence And Riots|date=26 February 2020|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304090353/https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-Analysis-March5">{{citation|last1=Abi-Habib|first1=Maria|title=Violence in India Threatens Its Global Ambitions|date=5 March 2020|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html|access-date=6 March 2020|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305231044/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three controversial [[2020 Indian agriculture acts|farm laws]] led to [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest|sit-ins]] by farmers across the country, eventually causing their formal repeal. Modi oversaw India's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], during which, according to the [[World Health Organization]]'s estimates, 4.7 million Indians died.<ref name="WHO estimate">{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 |title=Covid: World's true pandemic death toll nearly 15 million, says WHO |first1=Naomi |last1=Grimley |first2=Jack |last2=Cornish |first3=Nassos |last3=Stylianou |work=BBC News |date=5 May 2022 |access-date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513235736/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Biswas 2022">{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 |title=Why India's real Covid toll may never be known |first=Soutik |last=Biswas |date=5 May 2022 |work=BBC |access-date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=21 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821214838/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 general election]], Modi's party lost its majority in the lower house of Parliament and formed a government leading the [[National Democratic Alliance]] coalition.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839|title=India hands PM Modi a surprise setback, with his majority in doubt in the world's largest election|first1=Mithil|last1=Aggarwai|first2=Janis Mackey|last2=Frayer|publisher=NBC News|date=4 June 2024|accessdate=4 June 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604151033/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad|title=India's Narendra Modi Struggles to Hold On to Majority, Early Election Results Show|first1=Krishna|last1=Poharel|first2=Tripti|last2=Lahiri|publisher=Wall Street Journal|date=3 June 2024|accessdate=4 June 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604115138/https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the [[2014 Indian general election]], Modi led the BJP to a [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] majority, the first for a party since [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]. His administration increased direct foreign investment, and it reduced spending on healthcare, education, and social-welfare programmes. Modi began a [[Swachh Bharat Mission|high-profile sanitation campaign]], controversially initiated a [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation|demonetisation of banknotes]] and introduced the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax]], and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. Modi's administration launched the [[2019 Balakot airstrike]] against an alleged terrorist training camp in Pakistan. The airstrike failed,<ref name=lalwani-tallo-2019>{{citation|last1=Lalwani|first1=Sameer|last2=Tallo|first2=Emily|date=17 April 2019|title=Did India shoot down a Pakistani F-16 in February? This just became a big deal: There are broader implications for India — and the United States|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/|access-date=27 January 2023|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130122209/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ian-hall-1>{{citation|last=Hall|first=Ian|title = India's 2019 General Election: National Security and the Rise of the Watchmen|journal=The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs|volume= 108|year=2019|issue=5|pages=507–519, 510|doi=10.1080/00358533.2019.1658360 |s2cid=203266692 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2019.1658360}}</ref> but the action had nationalist appeal.<ref name=jaffrelot-2021-helicopter>{{citation|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2021|isbn=978-0-691-22309-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7USEAAAQBAJ}}</ref> Modi's party won the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]] which followed.<ref name="BS Book review" /> In its second term, his administration [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]],<ref name=britannica-jammu-kashmir>{{citation|last1=Akhtar|first1=Rais|last2=Kirk|first2=William|title=Jammu and Kashmir, State, India|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir|accessdate=7 August 2019|archive-date=19 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619220652/https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir|url-status=live}} (subscription required)</ref><ref name="Osmańczyk2003">{{citation|last1=Osmańczyk|first1=Edmund Jan|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93922-5|pages=1191–|access-date=8 June 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117140437/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|url-status=live}}</ref> and introduced the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Act]], prompting [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|widespread protests]], and spurring the [[2020 Delhi riots]] in which Muslims were brutalised and killed by Hindu mobs.<ref name="guardian-3-6-20">{{citation|title='I cannot find my father's body': Delhi's fearful Muslims mourn riot dead|last1=Ellis-Peterson|first1=Hannah|last2=Azizur Rahman|first2=Shaikh|location=Delhi|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead|date=6 March 2020|access-date=7 March 2020|archive-date=6 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306202841/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/how-can-i-go-back-delhi-fearful-muslims-mourn-riot-dead|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=wamsley-frayer-npr-2020-2-26-3>{{citation|last1=Wamsley|first1=Laurel|last2=Frayer|first2=Lauren|publisher=NPR|title=In New Delhi, Days Of Deadly Violence And Riots|date=26 February 2020|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304090353/https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809628525/in-new-delhi-days-of-deadly-violence-and-riots|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-Analysis-March5">{{citation|last1=Abi-Habib|first1=Maria|title=Violence in India Threatens Its Global Ambitions|date=5 March 2020|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html|access-date=6 March 2020|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305231044/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/world/asia/india-violence-diplomacy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three controversial [[2020 Indian agriculture acts|farm laws]] led to [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest|sit-ins]] by farmers across the country, eventually causing their formal repeal. Modi oversaw India's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], during which, according to the [[World Health Organization]]'s estimates, 4.7 million Indians died.<ref name="WHO estimate">{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 |title=Covid: World's true pandemic death toll nearly 15 million, says WHO |first1=Naomi |last1=Grimley |first2=Jack |last2=Cornish |first3=Nassos |last3=Stylianou |work=BBC News |date=5 May 2022 |access-date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513235736/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61327778 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Biswas 2022">{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 |title=Why India's real Covid toll may never be known |first=Soutik |last=Biswas |date=5 May 2022 |work=BBC |access-date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=21 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821214838/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-60981318 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 general election]], Modi's party lost its majority in the lower house of Parliament and formed a government leading the [[National Democratic Alliance]] coalition.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839|title=India hands PM Modi a surprise setback, with his majority in doubt in the world's largest election|first1=Mithil|last1=Aggarwai|first2=Janis Mackey|last2=Frayer|publisher=NBC News|date=4 June 2024|accessdate=4 June 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604151033/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad|title=India's Narendra Modi Struggles to Hold On to Majority, Early Election Results Show|first1=Krishna|last1=Poharel|first2=Tripti|last2=Lahiri|publisher=Wall Street Journal|date=3 June 2024|accessdate=4 June 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604115138/https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad|url-status=live}}</ref>
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