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→Chandragupta conquest of four provinces
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Seleucus Nicator ceded the Hindu Kush, [[Punjab]] and parts of Afghanistan to Chandragupta Maurya.<ref name="Grant">[''R.G. Grant: Commanders pg. 49'' https://books.google.com/books?id=tFQcwH2StsMC&q=chandragupta#v=snippet&q=chandragupta&f=false]</ref> In consequence of their arrangement, Seleucus received 500 [[war elephant]]s from [[Chandragupta Maurya]], which subsequently influenced the [[Wars of the Diadochi]] in the west. Seleucus and Chandragupta also agreed to a marriage alliance, probably the marriage of Seleucus' daughter (named Berenice in Indian Pali sources) to Chandragupta. | Seleucus Nicator ceded the Hindu Kush, [[Punjab]] and parts of Afghanistan to Chandragupta Maurya.<ref name="Grant">[''R.G. Grant: Commanders pg. 49'' https://books.google.com/books?id=tFQcwH2StsMC&q=chandragupta#v=snippet&q=chandragupta&f=false]</ref> In consequence of their arrangement, Seleucus received 500 [[war elephant]]s from [[Chandragupta Maurya]], which subsequently influenced the [[Wars of the Diadochi]] in the west. Seleucus and Chandragupta also agreed to a marriage alliance, probably the marriage of Seleucus' daughter (named Berenice in Indian Pali sources) to Chandragupta. | ||
According to [[Strabo]], the ceded four territories: | According to Greek geographer and historian [[Strabo]], the ceded four territories: | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
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</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
According to [[Pliny]], the ceded four territories: | According to [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]], the ceded four territories: | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
Most geographers, in fact, do not look upon India as bounded by the river Indus, but add to it the four satrapies of the [[Gedrosia|Gedrose]] (Gedrosia), the [[Arachosia|Arachotë]] (Arachosia), the [[Herat|Aria]], and the [[Paropamisadë]], the [[Kabul River|River Cophes]] thus forming the extreme boundary of India. | Most geographers, in fact, do not look upon India as bounded by the river Indus, but add to it the four satrapies of the [[Gedrosia|Gedrose]] (Gedrosia), the [[Arachosia|Arachotë]] (Arachosia), the [[Herat|Aria]], and the [[Paropamisadë]], the [[Kabul River|River Cophes]] thus forming the extreme boundary of India. | ||
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[[File:Sophytes hemidrachm.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Sophytes]] may have been the [[Mauryan Empire]] satrap of [[Arachosia]], succeeding [[Sibyrtius]], after Seleucus had ceeded the Hellenistic territory of Arachosia to [[Chandragupta Maurya]] in the Seleucid–Mauryan war (305–303 BC).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bernard |first1=Paul |last2=Pinault |first2=Georges-Jean |last3=Rougemont |first3=Georges |title=Deux nouvelles inscriptions grecques de l'Asie centrale |journal=Journal des Savants |date=2004 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=301 ff |doi=10.3406/jds.2004.1686 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jds_0021-8103_2004_num_2_1_1686}}</ref>]] | [[File:Sophytes hemidrachm.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Sophytes]] may have been the [[Mauryan Empire]] satrap of [[Arachosia]], succeeding [[Sibyrtius]], after Seleucus had ceeded the Hellenistic territory of Arachosia to [[Chandragupta Maurya]] in the Seleucid–Mauryan war (305–303 BC).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bernard |first1=Paul |last2=Pinault |first2=Georges-Jean |last3=Rougemont |first3=Georges |title=Deux nouvelles inscriptions grecques de l'Asie centrale |journal=Journal des Savants |date=2004 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=301 ff |doi=10.3406/jds.2004.1686 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jds_0021-8103_2004_num_2_1_1686}}</ref>]] | ||
From this, it seems that Seleucus surrendered the easternmost provinces of [[Arachosia]], [[Gedrosia]], [[Paropamisadae]] and perhaps also [[Aria (satrapy)|Aria]]. On the other hand, he was accepted by other satraps of the eastern provinces. His Iranian wife may have helped him implement his rule in [[Bactria]] and [[Sogdiana]].<ref>[[Vincent Arthur Smith|Vincent A. Smith]] (1998). ''Ashoka''. Asian Educational Services. {{ISBN|81-206-1303-1}}.</ref><ref>[[Walter Eugene Clark]] (1919). "The Importance of Hellenism from the Point of View of Indic-Philology", ''Classical Philology'' '''14''' (4), p. 297-313.</ref> | From this, it seems that Seleucus surrendered the easternmost provinces of [[Arachosia]], [[Gedrosia]], [[Paropamisadae]] and perhaps also [[Aria (satrapy)|Aria]]. On the other hand, he was accepted by other satraps of the eastern provinces. His Iranian wife may have helped him implement his rule in [[Bactria]] and [[Sogdiana]].<ref>[[Vincent Arthur Smith|Vincent A. Smith]] (1998). ''Ashoka''. Asian Educational Services. {{ISBN|81-206-1303-1}}.</ref><ref>[[Walter Eugene Clark]] (1919). "The Importance of Hellenism from the Point of View of Indic-Philology", ''Classical Philology'' '''14''' (4), p. 297-313.</ref> | ||
===Establishment of diplomatic relations=== | ===Establishment of diplomatic relations=== | ||
The arrangement proved to be mutually beneficial.{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=33–34}} The border between the Seleucid and Mauryan Empires remained stable in subsequent generations, and friendly diplomatic relations are reflected by the ambassador [[Megasthenes]], and by the envoys sent westward by Chandragupta's grandson [[Ashoka]]. Chandragupta's gift of war elephants "may have alleviated the burden of fodder and the return march"{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=33–34}} and allowed him to appropriately reduce the size and cost of his large army, since the major threats to his power had now all been removed.{{sfn|Grainger|2014|pp=108–110}} | The arrangement proved to be mutually beneficial.{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=33–34}} The border between the Seleucid and Mauryan Empires remained stable in subsequent generations, and friendly diplomatic relations are reflected by the ambassador [[Megasthenes]], and by the envoys sent westward by Chandragupta's grandson [[Ashoka]]. Chandragupta's gift of war elephants "may have alleviated the burden of fodder and the return march"{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=33–34}} and allowed him to appropriately reduce the size and cost of his large army, since the major threats to his power had now all been removed.{{sfn|Grainger|2014|pp=108–110}} | ||