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Dhamek Stupa marks the precise location where [[the Buddha]] preached [[Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta|his first discourse]] to his first five disciples ([[Kaundinya]], [[Assaji]], Bhaddiya, Vappa and Mahanama), and where all five eventually became fully liberated.<ref name=vridhamma/> This event marked the formation of the [[sangha]]. Several of the ancient sources describe the site of this first sermon as a ''Mriga-dayaa-vanam'' or a sanctuary for animals. (In Sanskrit, the word ''mriga'' is used in the sense of game animals, with deer being the most common). | Dhamek Stupa marks the precise location where [[the Buddha]] preached [[Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta|his first discourse]] to his first five disciples ([[Kaundinya]], [[Assaji]], Bhaddiya, Vappa and Mahanama), and where all five eventually became fully liberated.<ref name=vridhamma/> This event marked the formation of the [[sangha]]. Several of the ancient sources describe the site of this first sermon as a ''Mriga-dayaa-vanam'' or a sanctuary for animals. (In Sanskrit, the word ''mriga'' is used in the sense of game animals, with deer being the most common). | ||
After the [[parinirvana]] of the Buddha in 544 BCE, his remains were cremated and the ashes were divided and buried under eight stupas, with two further stupas encasing the urn and the embers. Dhamek Stupa was presumably among these eight stupas, and [[Mauryan]] King [[Ashoka]] may have commissioned its expansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-heritage.org/aindex.html|title=Stupas|publisher=Indian Heritage|accessdate=2006-11-20|archive-date=8 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108045253/http://www.indian-heritage.org/aindex.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> But the current Dhamek Stupa, as visible today, was conlusively dated to the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta period]], in the 5th-6th century CE.<ref>''[[Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture]]'', 20th ed. (ed. by [[Dan Cruickshank]]). Architectural Press, 1996. {{ISBN|0-7506-2267-9}}. Page 646.</ref | After the [[parinirvana]] of the Buddha in 544 BCE, his remains were cremated and the ashes were divided and buried under eight stupas, with two further stupas encasing the urn and the embers. Dhamek Stupa was presumably among these eight stupas, and [[Mauryan]] King [[Ashoka]] may have commissioned its expansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-heritage.org/aindex.html|title=Stupas|publisher=Indian Heritage|accessdate=2006-11-20|archive-date=8 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108045253/http://www.indian-heritage.org/aindex.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> But the current Dhamek Stupa, as visible today, was conlusively dated to the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta period]], in the 5th-6th century CE.<ref name="MSD"/><ref>''[[Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture]]'', 20th ed. (ed. by [[Dan Cruickshank]]). Architectural Press, 1996. {{ISBN|0-7506-2267-9}}. Page 646.</ref> | ||
A 17th-century [[Jainism|Jain]] manuscript describes a Jain temple in Varanasi as a [[Tirtha (Jainism)|pilgrimage site for Jains]]. The temple is located close to "a famous Bodisattva sanctuary" at a place called ''dharmeksā''.{{sfn|Oertel|1908|p=60}} | A 17th-century [[Jainism|Jain]] manuscript describes a Jain temple in Varanasi as a [[Tirtha (Jainism)|pilgrimage site for Jains]]. The temple is located close to "a famous Bodisattva sanctuary" at a place called ''dharmeksā''.{{sfn|Oertel|1908|p=60}} | ||
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*{{cite book|last=Asher|first=Frederick M.|title=Sarnath: A Critical History of the Place Where Buddhism Began|publisher=Getty Research Institute|location=Los Angeles|year=2020|isbn=978-1606066164|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMHEDwAAQBAJ}} | *{{cite book|last=Asher|first=Frederick M.|title=Sarnath: A Critical History of the Place Where Buddhism Began|publisher=Getty Research Institute|location=Los Angeles|year=2020|isbn=978-1606066164|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMHEDwAAQBAJ}} | ||
*{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=Alexander|author-link=Alexander Cunningham|title=Four reports made during the years 1862-63-64-65|volume=1|chapter=Banaras Sarnath|pages=103–130|publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]|location=Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India|year=1871|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.94077/page/n225/mode/2up}} | *{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=Alexander|author-link=Alexander Cunningham|title=Four reports made during the years 1862-63-64-65|volume=1|chapter=Banaras Sarnath|pages=103–130|publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]|location=Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India|year=1871|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.94077/page/n225/mode/2up}} | ||
*{{cite journal|last=Duncan|first=Johnathan|authorlink=Jonathan Duncan (Governor of Bombay)|title=An Account of the Discovery of Two Urns in the Vicinity of Benares|journal=[[ | *{{cite journal|last=Duncan|first=Johnathan|authorlink=Jonathan Duncan (Governor of Bombay)|title=An Account of the Discovery of Two Urns in the Vicinity of Benares|journal=[[The Asiatic Society#Journal of the Asiatic Society|Transactions of the Society Instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences and Literature, of Asia]]|volume=5|pages=131–3|year=1799|url=https://archive.org/details/asiaticresearche05asia/page/130/mode/2up}} | ||
*{{cite book|last=Oertel|first=Friedrich Oscar|author-link=F. O. Oertel|title=Archaeological Survey of India Annual Report, 1904–1905|chapter=Excavations at Sarnath|publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India|location=Calcutta|year=1908|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.207530/page/n97/mode/2up}} | *{{cite book|last=Oertel|first=Friedrich Oscar|author-link=F. O. Oertel|title=Archaeological Survey of India Annual Report, 1904–1905|chapter=Excavations at Sarnath|publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India|location=Calcutta|year=1908|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.207530/page/n97/mode/2up}} | ||
*{{cite book|last=Sahni|first=Daya Ram|authorlink=Daya Ram Sahni|title=Guide to the Buddhist ruins of Sarnath|publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]|location=Calcutta|year=1917|url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/flipbook/83409}} | *{{cite book|last=Sahni|first=Daya Ram|authorlink=Daya Ram Sahni|title=Guide to the Buddhist ruins of Sarnath|publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]|location=Calcutta|year=1917|url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/flipbook/83409}} | ||