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{{Redirect|State of India}}
{{Redirect|State of India}}
{{Redirect|Indian state|the historical territory in the United States of America|Indian Territory}}
{{Redirect|Indian state|the historical territory in the United States of America|Indian Territory}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
{{Infobox subdivision type
|name              = States and union territories of India
|name              = States and union territories of India
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|area_range        = '''States''': [[Goa]] – {{Convert|3702|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (smallest)<br/>[[Rajasthan]] – {{Convert|342269|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (largest)<br />
|area_range        = '''States''': [[Goa]] – {{Convert|3702|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (smallest)<br/>[[Rajasthan]] – {{Convert|342269|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (largest)<br />
'''Union territories''': [[Lakshadweep]] – {{Convert|32|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (smallest)<br/>[[Ladakh]] – {{Convert|59146|km2|sqmi||abbr=on}} (largest)
'''Union territories''': [[Lakshadweep]] – {{Convert|32|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (smallest)<br/>[[Ladakh]] – {{Convert|59146|km2|sqmi||abbr=on}} (largest)
|government        = [[State governments of India|State governments]]<br />[[Government of India|Union governments]] (union territories)
|government        = [[State governments of India|State Governments]]<br />[[Government of India|Union Government]] (union territories)
|subdivision        = [[List of divisions in India|Divisions]]<br />[[List of districts in India|Districts]]
|subdivision        = [[List of divisions in India|Divisions]]<br />[[List of districts in India|Districts]]
}}
}}
{{Politics of India}}
{{Politics of India}}


'''[[India]]''' is a [[federalism|federal]] union comprising 28 [[federated state|states]] and 8 [[union territory|union territories]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818054533/http://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 August 2017|title=States and Union Territories|last=DelhiAugust 5|publisher=[[Know India Programme]]|language=en|access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref> with a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into [[List of districts in India|districts]] and smaller [[administrative divisions of India|administrative divisions]].
[[India]] is a [[federalism|federal]] union comprising 28 [[federated state|states]] and 8 [[union territory|union territories]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818054533/http://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 August 2017|title=States and Union Territories|last=DelhiAugust 5|publisher=[[Know India Programme]]|language=en|access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref> with a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into [[List of districts in India|districts]] and smaller [[administrative divisions of India|administrative divisions]].


{{India divisions by|Wildlife=Indian States by wildlife}}
{{India divisions by|Wildlife=Indian States by wildlife}}


== History ==
== History ==
[[File:India Administrative Divisions 1951.svg|thumb|349x349px|Administrative divisions of India in 1951]]


=== Pre-independence ===
[[File:Political Divisions of the Indian Empire, 1909.jpg|thumb|Administrative divisions of the Indian Empire in 1909]]
 
[[File:India Administrative Divisions 1949-Kashmir.jpg|thumb|Administrative divisions of the Dominion of India in 1949]]
 
=== 1858-1947 ===
{{main|Presidencies and provinces of British India|Agencies of British India|Residencies of British India|Princely state}}
{{main|Presidencies and provinces of British India|Agencies of British India|Residencies of British India|Princely state}}
The [[Indian subcontinent]] has been ruled by many different [[South Asian ethnic groups|ethnic groups]] throughout its history, each instituting their own policies of administrative division in the region.<ref name="Krishna Reddy 2003 A107">{{cite book | author= Krishna Reddy | title = Indian History | year = 2003 | publisher = Tata McGraw Hill | location = New Delhi | isbn = 978-0-07-048369-9}}</ref><ref name="Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1977)">{{cite book | title=Ancient India | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | author=Ramesh Chandra Majumdar | year=1977 | isbn=978-81-208-0436-4}}</ref><ref name="Romila Thapar">{{cite book | title=A History of India: Part 1 | year=1966 | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofindia01thap | url-access=registration | author=Romila Thapar| publisher=[Harmondsworth] Penguin Books }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=History of medieval India|year=2007|publisher=S Chand|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8121903646|pages=121, 122|author=V.D. Mahajan|edition=10th}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A History of India Volume 1|year=1979|publisher=Progress Publishers|location=Moscow, USSR|first1=K.A.|last1=Antonova|author-link1=Koka Antonova|first2=G.|last2=Bongard-Levin|first3= G.|last3=Kotovsky}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Gupta Dynasty – MSN Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571624/gupta_dynasty.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029013809/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571624/Gupta_Dynasty.html |archive-date= 29 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://historymedren.about.com/library/text/bltxtindia7.htm |title=India – Historical Setting – The Classical Age – Gupta and Harsha |publisher=Historymedren.about.com |date=2 November 2009 |access-date=16 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Nilakanta Sastri|first= K.A.|title=A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|page=239|isbn= 978-0-19-560686-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|title=Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals| page=202}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India/46984/Political-and-economic-decentralization-during-the-Mughal-decline#toc46986 |title=Regional states, c. 1700–1850 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}}</ref><ref name="Grewal">{{cite book|last=Grewal|first=J. S.|title=The Sikh empire (1799–1849) |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1990|series=The New Cambridge History of India|volume=The Sikhs of the Punjab|chapter=Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)|chapter-url=http://histories.cambridge.org/extract?id=chol9780521268844_CHOL9780521268844A008}}</ref>{{overcite|date=July 2018}} The [[British Raj]] mostly retained the administrative structure of the preceding [[Mughal Empire]]. India was divided into provinces (also called Presidencies), directly governed by the British, and [[princely state]]s, which were nominally controlled by a local prince or raja loyal to the British Empire, which held ''[[de facto]]'' sovereignty ([[suzerainty]]) over the princely states.
The [[Indian subcontinent]] has been ruled by many different [[South Asian ethnic groups|ethnic groups]] throughout its history, each instituting their own policies of administrative division in the region.<ref name="Krishna Reddy 2003 A107">{{cite book | author= Krishna Reddy | title = Indian History | year = 2003 | publisher = Tata McGraw Hill | location = New Delhi | isbn = 978-0-07-048369-9}}</ref><ref name="Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1977)">{{cite book | title=Ancient India | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | author=Ramesh Chandra Majumdar | year=1977 | isbn=978-81-208-0436-4}}</ref><ref name="Romila Thapar">{{cite book | title=A History of India: Part 1 | year=1966 | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofindia01thap | url-access=registration | author=Romila Thapar| publisher=[Harmondsworth] Penguin Books }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=History of medieval India|year=2007|publisher=S Chand|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8121903646|pages=121, 122|author=V.D. Mahajan|edition=10th}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A History of India Volume 1|year=1979|publisher=Progress Publishers|location=Moscow, USSR|first1=K.A.|last1=Antonova|author-link1=Koka Antonova|first2=G.|last2=Bongard-Levin|first3= G.|last3=Kotovsky}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Gupta Dynasty – MSN Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571624/gupta_dynasty.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029013809/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571624/Gupta_Dynasty.html |archive-date= 29 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Nilakanta Sastri|first= K.A.|title=A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|page=239|isbn= 978-0-19-560686-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|title=Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals| page=202}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India/46984/Political-and-economic-decentralization-during-the-Mughal-decline#toc46986 |title=Regional states, c. 1700–1850 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=23 April 2014 |archive-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411080303/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India/46984/Political-and-economic-decentralization-during-the-Mughal-decline#toc46986 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Grewal">{{cite book|last=Grewal|first=J. S.|title=The Sikh empire (1799–1849)|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1990|series=The New Cambridge History of India|volume=The Sikhs of the Punjab|chapter=Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)|chapter-url=http://histories.cambridge.org/extract?id=chol9780521268844_CHOL9780521268844A008|access-date=23 April 2014|archive-date=16 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216043951/http://histories.cambridge.org/extract?id=chol9780521268844_CHOL9780521268844A008|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{overcite|date=July 2018}}  
 
The [[Indian Empire]] mostly retained the administrative structure of the preceding [[Mughal Empire]]. India was divided into [[provinces of India|provinces]] (formerly, presidencies), which were directly governed by the [[Indian Emperor]] (who simultaneously was also the [[Monarch of the United Kingdom|King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions]]) though the [[Viceroy and Governor-General of India]], and [[princely state]]s, which were ruled by Indian princes who acknowledged the sovereignty ([[suzerainty]]) of the Emperor.
 
Some of the princely states were placed within a province and an [[Indian Political Department|Agent to the Governor]] of the province (AG) was appointed to oversee the relations between the constituent states of the province and the [[provincial government]]. Other states were linked directly to the [[Government of India]] and an Agent to the [[Governor-General of India]] (AGG) was appointed to oversee the relations between the constituent princely states of an agency and the Indian government. A [[Residency (administrative division)|Resident]] was appointed by the Governor-General to each of the rest of the states (namely, [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], [[Gwalior Residency|Gwalior]], [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Kashmir]]).
 
There were three types of [[province]]s. A '''governor's province''' was a province administered by a nominated [[Governor]], and his Council and a [[Premier]] which were elected. A '''chief commissioner's province''' was directly administered by the [[Government of India]] through an appointed [[Chief Commissioner]]. There was one '''autonomous province''', [[British rule in Burma|Burma]], which also administered by a [[Governor]] but was given a greater degree of [[self-rule]] compared to the other provinces. (Burma became a [[Crown Colony]] in 1937.)


=== 1947–1950 ===
=== 1947–1950 ===
{{main|Political integration of India|Instrument of Accession|Annexation of Junagadh|Annexation of Hyderabad}}
{{main|Political integration of India|Instrument of Accession|Annexation of Junagadh|Annexation of Hyderabad}}
Between 1947 and 1950 the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the [[Political integration of India|Indian union]]. Most were merged into existing provinces; others were organised into new provinces, such as [[Rajasthan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Madhya Bharat]], and [[Vindhya Pradesh]], made up of multiple princely states; a few, including [[Mysore State|Mysore]], [[Hyderabad State (1948–56)|Hyderabad]], [[Bhopal State (1949–56)|Bhopal]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–54)|Bilaspur]], became separate provinces. The new [[Constitution of India]], which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States".<ref>{{cite book|title=Constitution of India|chapter=Article 1|chapter-url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402064301/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref> The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states:{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
Between 1947 and 1950 the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the new [[Political integration of India|Indian Union]]. Most were merged into existing provinces; others were organised into new provinces and [[Rajpramukh|states]], such as [[Rajasthan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Malwa Union]], [[Vindhya Pradesh|Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States Union]], and [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], made up of multiple princely states; a few, including [[Mysore State|Mysore]], [[Hyderabad State (1948–56)|Hyderabad]], [[Bhopal State (1949–56)|Bhopal]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–54)|Bilaspur]], became separate states. The new [[Constitution of India]], which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States".<ref>{{cite book|title=Constitution of India|chapter=Article 1|chapter-url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402064301/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref> The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states:{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
* Part A states, which were the former governors' provinces of British India, were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature. The nine Part A states were:
* Part A states, which were the former governors' provinces of India, were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature. The nine Part A states were:
** [[Assam]] (formerly [[Assam Province]]),  
** [[Assam]] (formerly [[Assam Province]]),  
** [[Bihar]] (formerly [[Bihar Province]]),  
** [[Bihar]] (formerly [[Bihar Province]]),  
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=== States reorganisation (1951–1956) ===
=== States reorganisation (1951–1956) ===
{{main|Goa liberation movement|Andhra movement|Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli|States Reorganisation Commission}}
{{main|Goa liberation movement|Andhra movement|Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli|States Reorganisation Commission}}
[[Andhra State]] was created on 1 October 1953 from the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking northern [[Districts of India|districts]] of [[Madras State]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://hyderabad-india-online.com/2011/03/madras-presidence/|title=  Map of Madras Presidency in 1909|access-date=15 October 2013|date=  28 March 2011}}</ref>
[[Andhra State]] was created on 1 October 1953 from the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking northern [[Districts of India|districts]] of [[Madras State]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://hyderabad-india-online.com/2011/03/madras-presidence/|title=  Map of Madras Presidency in 1909|access-date= 15 October 2013|date=  28 March 2011|archive-date=  24 February 2021|archive-url=  https://web.archive.org/web/20210224142745/http://hyderabad-india-online.com/2011/03/madras-presidence/|url-status=  live}}</ref>


The [[French India|French enclave]] of [[Chandannagar|Chandernagore]] was transferred to [[West Bengal]] in 1954. In the same year [[Pondicherry]], comprising the former French enclaves of [[Pondicherry district|Pondichéry]], [[Karaikal district|Karikal]], [[Yanam district|Yanaon]] and [[Mahé district|Mahé]], was transferred to India; this became a union territory in 1962.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf|title=Reorganisation of states |publisher=Economic Weekly|access-date=31 December 2015}}</ref>
The [[French India|French enclave]] of [[Chandannagar|Chandernagore]] was transferred to [[West Bengal]] in 1954. In the same year [[Pondicherry]], comprising the former French enclaves of [[Pondicherry district|Pondichéry]], [[Karaikal district|Karikal]], [[Yanam district|Yanaon]] and [[Mahé district|Mahé]], was transferred to India; this became a union territory in 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf|title=Reorganisation of states|publisher=Economic Weekly|access-date=31 December 2015|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218051214/http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>


Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese-held enclaves]] of [[Dadra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadrá]] and [[Nagar Haveli|Nagar Aveli]], declaring the short-lived ''[[de facto]]'' state of [[Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-celebrated-its-60th-liberation-day-1375437166-1 |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli Celebrated Its 60th Liberation Day |publisher=Jagranjosh.com |date=2 August 2013 |access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Reshmi R. |date=10 August 2019 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-when-an-ias-officer-became-the-instrument-of-accession/articleshow/70611496.cms |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli: When an IAS officer became the instrument of accession |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/135865/ias-badlani-prime-minister-dadra-nagar-haveli-history-india/ |title=When an IAS Officer Was The Prime Minister of Dadra & Nagar Haveli |publisher=Thebetterindia.com |date=28 March 2018 |access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/documents/amendment/amend10.htm |title=The Constitution (Amendment) |publisher=Archive.india.gov.in |access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref>
Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese-held enclaves]] of [[Dadra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadrá]] and [[Nagar Haveli|Nagar Aveli]], declaring the short-lived ''[[de facto]]'' state of [[Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-celebrated-its-60th-liberation-day-1375437166-1 |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli Celebrated Its 60th Liberation Day |publisher=Jagranjosh.com |date=2 August 2013 |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229135807/https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-celebrated-its-60th-liberation-day-1375437166-1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Reshmi R. |date=10 August 2019 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-when-an-ias-officer-became-the-instrument-of-accession/articleshow/70611496.cms |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli: When an IAS officer became the instrument of accession |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217155132/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-when-an-ias-officer-became-the-instrument-of-accession/articleshow/70611496.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/135865/ias-badlani-prime-minister-dadra-nagar-haveli-history-india/ |title=When an IAS Officer Was The Prime Minister of Dadra & Nagar Haveli |publisher=Thebetterindia.com |date=28 March 2018 |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321040227/https://www.thebetterindia.com/135865/ias-badlani-prime-minister-dadra-nagar-haveli-history-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/documents/amendment/amend10.htm |title=The Constitution (Amendment) |publisher=Archive.india.gov.in |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229133903/https://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/documents/amendment/amend10.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>


The [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]] reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states.<ref>{{cite book|title=Constitution of India|chapter=Article 1|chapter-url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|publisher=Law Ministry, GOI|access-date=31 December 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402064301/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref>
The [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]] reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states.<ref>{{cite book|title=Constitution of India|chapter=Article 1|chapter-url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|publisher=Law Ministry, GOI|access-date=31 December 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402064301/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref>
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=== Post-1956 ===
=== Post-1956 ===
{{main|Mahagujarat movement|Punjabi Suba movement|Annexation of Goa|1967 Goa status referendum|1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum|Uttarakhand movement|Telangana movement}}
{{main|Mahagujarat movement|Punjabi Suba movement|Annexation of Goa|1967 Goa status referendum|1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum|Uttarakhand movement|Telangana movement}}
Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]] on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act.<ref>{{Cite book|author=J.C. Aggarwal, S.P. Agrawal|title=Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future|publisher=Concept Publishing|place=New DElhi|year=1995|pages=89–90}}</ref> The former Union Territory of [[Nagaland]] achieved statehood on 1 December 1963.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_nagaland.php|title=Nagaland History & Geography-Source|publisher=india.gov.in |access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> The [[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]] resulted in the creation of [[Haryana]] on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hpplanning.nic.in/mid%20term%20review%2010th%20five%20year%20plan.pdf |title=Himachal Pradesh Tenth Five Year Plan |access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> The act also designated [[Chandigarh]] as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/allacts/474.pdf|title=The Punjab Reorganisation Act 1966|publisher=india.gov.in |access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.travelindia-guide.com/maps/state_map.php |title=State map of India |publisher=Travel India guide |access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref>
Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]] on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act.<ref>{{Cite book|author=J.C. Aggarwal, S.P. Agrawal|title=Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future|publisher=Concept Publishing|place=New DElhi|year=1995|pages=89–90}}</ref> The former Union Territory of [[Nagaland]] achieved statehood on 1 December 1963.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_nagaland.php|title=Nagaland History & Geography-Source|publisher=india.gov.in|access-date=17 June 2013|archive-date=7 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707032303/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_nagaland.php|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]] resulted in the creation of [[Haryana]] on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hpplanning.nic.in/mid%20term%20review%2010th%20five%20year%20plan.pdf |title=Himachal Pradesh Tenth Five Year Plan |access-date=17 June 2013 |archive-date=13 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513070857/http://hpplanning.nic.in/mid%20term%20review%2010th%20five%20year%20plan.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The act also designated [[Chandigarh]] as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/allacts/474.pdf|title=The Punjab Reorganisation Act 1966|publisher=india.gov.in|access-date=17 June 2013|archive-date=19 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119110225/http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/allacts/474.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelindia-guide.com/maps/state_map.php |title=State map of India |publisher=Travel India guide |access-date=17 June 2013 |archive-date=1 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601043009/http://www.travelindia-guide.com/maps/state_map.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Madras State was renamed [[Tamil Nadu]] in 1969. The north-eastern states of [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]] and [[Tripura]] were formed on 21 January 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaibicindia.org.in/study/north_east/Snapshot.pdf|title=Snapshot of North Eastern States|publisher=thaibicindia.in|access-date=17 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222052303/http://www.thaibicindia.org.in/study/north_east/Snapshot.pdf|archive-date=22 December 2009}}</ref> Mysore State was renamed [[Karnataka]] in 1973. On 16 May 1975, [[Sikkim]] became the 22nd state of the Indian Union and the [[Kingdom of Sikkim|state's monarchy]] was abolished.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sikkim.gov.in/ASP/Miscc/aboutsikkim.htm|title=About Sikkim|publisher=Official website of the Government of Sikkim|access-date=15 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525171423/http://www.sikkim.gov.in/asp/Miscc/aboutsikkim.htm|archive-date=25 May 2009}}</ref> In 1987, [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Mizoram]] became states on 20 February, followed by [[Goa]] on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]]'s northern [[exclave]]s [[Daman district, India|Damão]] and [[Diu district|Diu]] became a separate union territory as [[Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goaonline.in/Profile/History/milestone.asp|title=Goa Chronology|publisher=goaonline.in|access-date=17 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155540/http://www.goaonline.in/Profile/History/milestone.asp|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref>
Madras State was renamed [[Tamil Nadu]] in 1969. The north-eastern states of [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]] and [[Tripura]] were formed on 21 January 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaibicindia.org.in/study/north_east/Snapshot.pdf|title=Snapshot of North Eastern States|publisher=thaibicindia.in|access-date=17 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222052303/http://www.thaibicindia.org.in/study/north_east/Snapshot.pdf|archive-date=22 December 2009}}</ref> Mysore State was renamed [[Karnataka]] in 1973. On 16 May 1975, [[Sikkim]] became the 22nd state of the Indian Union and the [[Kingdom of Sikkim|state's monarchy]] was abolished.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sikkim.gov.in/ASP/Miscc/aboutsikkim.htm|title=About Sikkim|publisher=Official website of the Government of Sikkim|access-date=15 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525171423/http://www.sikkim.gov.in/asp/Miscc/aboutsikkim.htm|archive-date=25 May 2009}}</ref> In 1987, [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Mizoram]] became states on 20 February, followed by [[Goa]] on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]]'s northern [[exclave]]s [[Daman district, India|Damão]] and [[Diu district|Diu]] became a separate union territory as [[Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goaonline.in/Profile/History/milestone.asp|title=Goa Chronology|publisher=goaonline.in|access-date=17 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155540/http://www.goaonline.in/Profile/History/milestone.asp|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref>
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* [[Chhattisgarh]], from eastern [[Madhya Pradesh]],  
* [[Chhattisgarh]], from eastern [[Madhya Pradesh]],  
* Uttaranchal, from northwest [[Uttar Pradesh]] (renamed [[Uttarakhand]] in 2007), and
* Uttaranchal, from northwest [[Uttar Pradesh]] (renamed [[Uttarakhand]] in 2007), and
* [[Jharkhand]], from southern districts of Bihar with the enforcement of [[Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]], [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]] and [[Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/AboutState_fr.html |title=Official Website of Government of Jharkhand |publisher=Jharkhand.gov.in |access-date=17 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621084121/http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/AboutState_fr.html |archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cg.gov.in/profile/corigin.htm |title=Chhattisgarh state – History |publisher=Cg.gov.in |access-date=17 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704202817/http://cg.gov.in/profile/corigin.htm |archive-date= 4 July 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-02/india/27880083_1_bjp-cries-uttaranchal-assembly-polls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510141050/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-02/india/27880083_1_bjp-cries-uttaranchal-assembly-polls |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 May 2013 |title=Uttaranchal is Uttarakhand, BJP cries foul |last=Chopra |first=Jasi Kiran|date=2 January 2007|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.gov.in/pages/display/115-about-us |title=About Us: Uttarakhand Government Portal, India |publisher=Uk.gov.in |date=9 November 2000 |access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref>
* [[Jharkhand]], from southern districts of Bihar with the enforcement of [[Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]], [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]] and [[Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/AboutState_fr.html |title=Official Website of Government of Jharkhand |publisher=Jharkhand.gov.in |access-date=17 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621084121/http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/AboutState_fr.html |archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cg.gov.in/profile/corigin.htm |title=Chhattisgarh state – History |publisher=Cg.gov.in |access-date=17 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704202817/http://cg.gov.in/profile/corigin.htm |archive-date= 4 July 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-02/india/27880083_1_bjp-cries-uttaranchal-assembly-polls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510141050/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-02/india/27880083_1_bjp-cries-uttaranchal-assembly-polls |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 May 2013 |title=Uttaranchal is Uttarakhand, BJP cries foul |last=Chopra |first=Jasi Kiran|date=2 January 2007|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.gov.in/pages/display/115-about-us |title=About Us: Uttarakhand Government Portal, India |publisher=Uk.gov.in |date=9 November 2000 |access-date=17 June 2013 |archive-date=13 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513025952/http://uk.gov.in/pages/display/115-about-us |url-status=live }}</ref>


Pondicherry was renamed [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in 2007 and Orissa was renamed [[Odisha]] in 2011. [[Telangana]] was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014_0.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223043/http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014_0.pdf|archive-date=8 January 2016|access-date=3 March 2014|publisher=Ministry of law and justice, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Telangana bill passed by upper house|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/telangana-bill-in-rajya-sabha/liveblog/30712218.cms|access-date=20 February 2014|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
Pondicherry was renamed [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in 2007 and Orissa was renamed [[Odisha]] in 2011. [[Telangana]] was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014_0.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223043/http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014_0.pdf|archive-date=8 January 2016|access-date=3 March 2014|publisher=Ministry of law and justice, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Telangana bill passed by upper house|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/telangana-bill-in-rajya-sabha/liveblog/30712218.cms|access-date=20 February 2014|work=The Times of India|date=20 February 2014 |archive-date=15 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415053022/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/telangana-bill-in-rajya-sabha/liveblog/30712218.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>


In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019]], which contains provisions to reorganise the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] into two union territories; [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]], effective from 31 October 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/resources/article28823852.ece/Binary/FullTextofJ&KReorganisationBill.pdf | title=Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill (No. XXIX of) 2019 | publisher=Parliament of India | date=5 August 2019 | access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> Later that year in November, the Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] into a single union territory to be known as [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], effective from 26 January 2020.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://theprint.in/india/there-will-be-one-ut-less-as-modi-govt-plans-to-merge-dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu/261056/ | title=There will be one UT less as Modi govt plans to merge Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | date=10 July 2019 | agency=The Print | access-date=22 August 2019 | author=Dutta, Amrita Nayak | location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/national/754685-govt-plans-to-merge-2-uts----daman-and-diu-dadra-and-nagar-haveli|title=Govt plans to merge 2 UTs – Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli|website=Devdiscourse|access-date=26 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/366_2019_LS_Eng.pdf |title=The Dadra And Nagar Haveli And Daman And Diu (Merger Of Union Territories) Bill|website=Ministry of Home Affairs – Government of India|date= 2019|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref>
In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019]], which contains provisions to reorganise the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] into two union territories; [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]], effective from 31 October 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/resources/article28823852.ece/Binary/FullTextofJ%26KReorganisationBill.pdf | title=Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill (No. XXIX of) 2019 | publisher=Parliament of India | date=5 August 2019 | access-date=22 August 2019 | archive-date=8 March 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308133456/https://www.thehindu.com/news/resources/article28823852.ece/Binary/FullTextofJ%26KReorganisationBill.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> Later that year in November, the Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] into a single union territory to be known as [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], effective from 26 January 2020.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://theprint.in/india/there-will-be-one-ut-less-as-modi-govt-plans-to-merge-dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu/261056/ | title=There will be one UT less as Modi govt plans to merge Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | date=10 July 2019 | agency=The Print | access-date=22 August 2019 | author=Dutta, Amrita Nayak | location=New Delhi | archive-date=23 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123171337/https://theprint.in/india/there-will-be-one-ut-less-as-modi-govt-plans-to-merge-dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu/261056/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/national/754685-govt-plans-to-merge-2-uts----daman-and-diu-dadra-and-nagar-haveli|title=Govt plans to merge 2 UTs – Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli|website=Devdiscourse|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123171808/https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/national/754685-govt-plans-to-merge-2-uts----daman-and-diu-dadra-and-nagar-haveli|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/366_2019_LS_Eng.pdf|title=The Dadra And Nagar Haveli And Daman And Diu (Merger Of Union Territories) Bill|website=Ministry of Home Affairs – Government of India|date=2019|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224021105/http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/366_2019_LS_Eng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Current proposals ===
=== Current proposals ===
Line 119: Line 127:
! scope="col" |Largest city
! scope="col" |Largest city
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" |Statehood
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" |Statehood
! scope="col" |Population<br />(2011){{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
! scope="col" |Population<br />(2011)<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of states with Population, Sex Ratio and Literacy Census 2011 |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php |access-date=30 April 2023 |website=www.census2011.co.in |archive-date=28 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128124940/https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2016 |title=Census 2011: Population in States and Union Territories of India |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/census-2011-population-in-states-and-union-territories-of-india-1476439733-1 |access-date=30 April 2023 |website=Jagranjosh.com |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430052117/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/census-2011-population-in-states-and-union-territories-of-india-1476439733-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! scope="col" |[[List of states and union territories of India by area|Area]]<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)
! scope="col" |[[List of states and union territories of India by area|Area]]<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)
! scope="col" |Official<br />languages<ref name="langoff50">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>
! scope="col" |Official<br />languages<ref name="langoff50">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=14 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>
Line 134: Line 142:
| align="right" |162,975
| align="right" |162,975
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| [[Urdu]]<ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2022-03-23 |title=Bill recognising Urdu as second official language passed |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/bill-recognising-urdu-as-second-official-languagepassed/article65252966.ece |access-date=2022-12-08 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| [[Urdu]]<ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=23 March 2022 |title=Bill recognising Urdu as second official language passed |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/bill-recognising-urdu-as-second-official-languagepassed/article65252966.ece |access-date=8 December 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030054145/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/bill-recognising-urdu-as-second-official-languagepassed/article65252966.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
! scope="row" |[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
Line 155: Line 163:
| 26 January 1950
| 26 January 1950
| align="right" |31,205,576
| align="right" |31,205,576
| align="right" |78,550
| align="right" |78,438
| [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Boro language (India)|Boro]]
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Bodo language|Bodo]]
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[Bihar]]
! scope="row" |[[Bihar]]
Line 202: Line 210:
| align="right" |60,439,692
| align="right" |60,439,692
| align="right" |196,024
| align="right" |196,024
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], Hindi
| —
| —
|-
|-
Line 215: Line 223:
| align="right" |44,212
| align="right" |44,212
| [[Hindi]]
| [[Hindi]]
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/article1-502720.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903231506/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/article1-502720.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2015|work=Hindustan Times|date=28 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Punjabi gets second language status in Haryana|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/punjabi-gets-second-language-status-in-haryana_599789.html|work=Zee news|date=28 January 2010}}</ref>
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/article1-502720.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903231506/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/article1-502720.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2015|work=Hindustan Times|date=28 January 2010}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[Himachal Pradesh]]
! scope="row" |[[Himachal Pradesh]]
Line 221: Line 229:
| HP
| HP
| Northern
| Northern
| [[Shimla]] <small>(Summer)</small><br />[[Dharamshala]] <small>(Winter)</small><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2017 |title=Dharamsala: Himachal Pradesh gets its second capital in Dharamsala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/himachal-pradesh-gets-its-second-capital-in-dharamsala/articleshow/57432184.cms |access-date=26 July 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
| [[Shimla]] <small>(Summer)</small><br />[[Dharamshala]] <small>(Winter)</small><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2017 |title=Dharamsala: Himachal Pradesh gets its second capital in Dharamsala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/himachal-pradesh-gets-its-second-capital-in-dharamsala/articleshow/57432184.cms |access-date=26 July 2021 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726200910/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/himachal-pradesh-gets-its-second-capital-in-dharamsala/articleshow/57432184.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Shimla]]
| [[Shimla]]
| 25 January 1971
| 25 January 1971
Line 237: Line 245:
| 15 November 2000
| 15 November 2000
| align="right" |32,988,134
| align="right" |32,988,134
| align="right" |79,716
| align="right" |79,714
| [[Hindi]]
| [[Hindi]]
| [[Angika]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Bhumij language|Bhumij]], [[Ho language|Ho]], [[Kharia language|Kharia]], [[Khortha language|Khortha]], [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]], [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Mundari language|Mundari]], [[Sadri language|Nagpuri]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Urdu]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.uniindia.com/jharkhand-gives-2nd-language-status-to-magahi-angika-bhojpuri-and-maithali/states/news/1175423.html|title=Jharkhand gives 2nd language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithali |website=uniindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 January 2019 |title=Jharkhand notifies Bhumij as second state language |url=https://avenuemail.in/jharkhand-notifies-bhumij-as-second-state-language/ |work=The Avenue Mail |access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref>
| [[Angika]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Bhumij language|Bhumij]], [[Ho language|Ho]], [[Kharia language|Kharia]], [[Khortha language|Khortha]], [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]], [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Mundari language|Mundari]], [[Sadri language|Nagpuri]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Urdu]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.uniindia.com/jharkhand-gives-2nd-language-status-to-magahi-angika-bhojpuri-and-maithali/states/news/1175423.html|title= Jharkhand gives 2nd language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithali|website= uniindia.com|access-date= 24 January 2021|archive-date= 14 April 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210414042219/http://www.uniindia.com/jharkhand-gives-2nd-language-status-to-magahi-angika-bhojpuri-and-maithali/states/news/1175423.html|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 January 2019 |title=Jharkhand notifies Bhumij as second state language |url=https://avenuemail.in/jharkhand-notifies-bhumij-as-second-state-language/ |work=The Avenue Mail |access-date=20 April 2022 |archive-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423064556/https://avenuemail.in/jharkhand-notifies-bhumij-as-second-state-language/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[Karnataka]]
! scope="row" |[[Karnataka]]
Line 261: Line 269:
| align="right" |38,863
| align="right" |38,863
| [[Malayalam]]
| [[Malayalam]]
| [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Official Languages Act, 1969 |url=http://www.bareactslive.com/KER/ker095.htm |website=www.bareactslive.com |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref>
| [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Official Languages Act, 1969 |url=http://www.bareactslive.com/KER/ker095.htm |website=www.bareactslive.com |access-date=20 April 2021 |archive-date=21 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921082633/http://www.bareactslive.com/KER/ker095.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[Madhya Pradesh]]
! scope="row" |[[Madhya Pradesh]]
Line 279: Line 287:
| MH
| MH
| Western
| Western
| [[Mumbai]] <small>(Summer)</small><br />[[Nagpur]] <small>(Winter)</small><ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India|url=https://nagpur.gov.in/history/|access-date=26 July 2021|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghunatha |first1=TN |title=Monsoon session to start in Maha's winter Capital Nagpur from July 4 |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/monsoon-session--to-start-in-mahas-winter-capital-nagpur-from-july-4.html |access-date=20 April 2021 |work=Pioneer |date=2 June 2018}}</ref>
| [[Mumbai]] <small>(Summer)</small><br />[[Nagpur]] <small>(Winter)</small><ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India|url=https://nagpur.gov.in/history/|access-date=26 July 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=26 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726182239/https://nagpur.gov.in/history/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghunatha |first1=TN |title=Monsoon session to start in Maha's winter Capital Nagpur from July 4 |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/monsoon-session--to-start-in-mahas-winter-capital-nagpur-from-july-4.html |access-date=20 April 2021 |work=Pioneer |date=2 June 2018 |archive-date=2 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802011411/https://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/monsoon-session--to-start-in-mahas-winter-capital-nagpur-from-july-4.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Mumbai]]
| [[Mumbai]]
| 1 May 1960
| 1 May 1960
Line 294: Line 302:
| 21 January 1972
| 21 January 1972
| align="right" |2,855,794
| align="right" |2,855,794
| align="right" |22,347
| align="right" |22,327
| [[Meitei language|Meitei]]
| [[Meitei language|Meitei]]
| [[English language|English]]
| [[English language|English]]
Line 305: Line 313:
| 21 January 1972
| 21 January 1972
| align="right" |2,966,889
| align="right" |2,966,889
| align="right" |22,720
| align="right" |22,429
| [[English language|English]]
| [[English language|English]]
| [[Khasi language|Khasi]]{{efn|Khasi language has been declared as the Additional Official Language for all purposes in the District, Sub-Division and Block level offices of the State Government located in the Districts of Khasi-Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya.}}
| —
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[Mizoram]]
! scope="row" |[[Mizoram]]
Line 317: Line 325:
| align="right" |1,097,206
| align="right" |1,097,206
| align="right" |21,081
| align="right" |21,081
| [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Mizo language|Mizo]]
| [[Mizo language|Mizo]], [[English language|English]]
| —
| —
|-
|-
Line 339: Line 347:
| 26 January 1950
| 26 January 1950
| align="right" |41,974,218
| align="right" |41,974,218
| align="right" |155,820
| align="right" |155,707
| [[Odia language|Odia]]
| [[Odia language|Odia]]
| —
| —
Line 362: Line 370:
| 26 January 1950
| 26 January 1950
| align="right" |68,548,437
| align="right" |68,548,437
| align="right" |342,269
| align="right" |342,239
| [[Hindi]]
| [[Hindi]]
| [[English language|English]]
| [[English language|English]]
Line 374: Line 382:
| align="right" |610,577
| align="right" |610,577
| align="right" |7,096
| align="right" |7,096
| [[English language|English]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Sikkimese language|Sikkimese]], [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]], [[English language|English]]
| [[Bhutia language|Bhutia]], [[Gurung language|Gurung]], [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]], [[Limbu language|Limbu]], [[Manggar language|Manggar]], [[Mukhia language|Mukhia]], [[Newari language|Newari]], [[Rai languages|Rai]], [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]], [[Tamang language|Tamang]]
| [[Gurung language|Gurung]], [[Limbu language|Limbu]], [[Magar language|Magar]], [[Sunwar language|Mukhia]], [[Newari language|Newari]], [[Rai languages|Rai]], [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]], [[Tamang language|Tamang]]
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[Tamil Nadu]]
! scope="row" |[[Tamil Nadu]]
Line 392: Line 400:
| TS
| TS
| Southern
| Southern
| colspan="2" |[[Hyderabad]]{{efn|Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, [[Telangana]] and a residual [[Andhra Pradesh]] on 2 June 2014.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/T-party-today-Indias-29th-state-Telangana-is-born/articleshow/35912105.cms|work=The Times of India |title=Bifurcated into Telangana State and residual Andhra Pradesh State |date=2 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="APGazetteMar1">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014.pdf | archive-url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Noppg4hz?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 March 2014 | title=The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014 | publisher=Government of India | work=Ministry of Law and Justice | date=1 March 2014 | access-date=23 April 2014 }}</ref><ref name="APGazetteMar4">{{cite web | url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/158365.pdf | title=The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014 Sub-section | date=4 March 2014 | access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], located entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/andhra-pradesh-minus-telangana-10-facts-534339|title=Andhra Pradesh Minus Telangana: 10 Facts|author= Sanchari Bhattacharya |date= 1 June 2014 |work=NDTV}}</ref> The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the envisaged new capital city [[Amaravati]] in early 2017.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}}}
| colspan="2" |[[Hyderabad]]{{efn|Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, [[Telangana]] and a residual [[Andhra Pradesh]] on 2 June 2014.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/T-party-today-Indias-29th-state-Telangana-is-born/articleshow/35912105.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Bifurcated into Telangana State and residual Andhra Pradesh State |date=2 June 2014 |access-date=2 June 2014 |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130174042/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/T-party-today-Indias-29th-state-Telangana-is-born/articleshow/35912105.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="APGazetteMar1">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014.pdf | archive-url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Noppg4hz?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 March 2014 | title=The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014 | publisher=Government of India | work=Ministry of Law and Justice | date=1 March 2014 | access-date=23 April 2014 }}</ref><ref name="APGazetteMar4">{{cite web | url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/158365.pdf | title=The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014 Sub-section | date=4 March 2014 | access-date=23 April 2014 | archive-date=27 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327091502/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/158365.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], located entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/andhra-pradesh-minus-telangana-10-facts-534339|title=Andhra Pradesh Minus Telangana: 10 Facts|author=Sanchari Bhattacharya|date=1 June 2014|work=NDTV|access-date=4 June 2014|archive-date=4 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604225857/http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/andhra-pradesh-minus-telangana-10-facts-534339|url-status=live}}</ref> The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the envisaged new capital city [[Amaravati]] in early 2017.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}}}
| 2 June 2014
| 2 June 2014
| align="right" |35,193,978<ref name="telangana">{{cite web|title=Telangana State Profile|url=http://www.telangana.gov.in/About/State-Profile|publisher=Telangana government portal|access-date=11 June 2014|page=34}}</ref>
| align="right" |35,193,978<ref name="telangana">{{cite web|title=Telangana State Profile|url=http://www.telangana.gov.in/About/State-Profile|publisher=Telangana government portal|access-date=11 June 2014|page=34|archive-date=5 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205000643/http://www.telangana.gov.in/about/state-profile|url-status=live}}</ref>
| align="right" |112,077<ref name="telangana" />
| align="right" |112,077<ref name="telangana" />
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| [[Urdu]]<ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=17 November 2017|title=Urdu is second official language now|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/urdu-is-second-official-language-now/article20493655.ece|access-date=6 July 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| [[Urdu]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 November 2017|title=Urdu is second official language now|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/urdu-is-second-official-language-now/article20493655.ece|access-date=6 July 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727115604/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/urdu-is-second-official-language-now/article20493655.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[Tripura]]
! scope="row" |[[Tripura]]
Line 406: Line 414:
| 21 January 1972
| 21 January 1972
| align="right" |3,673,917
| align="right" |3,673,917
| align="right" |10,492
| align="right" |10,491
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]], [[Kokborok]]
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]], [[Kokborok]]
| —
| —
Line 417: Line 425:
| 26 January 1950
| 26 January 1950
| align="right" |199,812,341
| align="right" |199,812,341
| align="right" |243,286
| align="right" |240,928
| [[Hindi]]
| [[Hindi]]
| [[Urdu]]
| [[Urdu]]
Line 425: Line 433:
| UK
| UK
| Central
| Central
| [[Bhararisain]] <small>(Summer)</small><br/>[[Dehradun]] <small>(Winter)</small><ref>{{Cite news|title=Bhararisain declared as summer capital of Uttarakhand|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bhararisain-declared-as-summer-capital-of-uttarakhand/603160|access-date=24 November 2021|work=Times Now|date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
| [[Bhararisain]] <small>(Summer)</small><br/>[[Dehradun]] <small>(Winter)</small><ref>{{Cite news|title=Bhararisain declared as summer capital of Uttarakhand|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bhararisain-declared-as-summer-capital-of-uttarakhand/603160|access-date=24 November 2021|work=Times Now|date=8 June 2020|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124003056/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bhararisain-declared-as-summer-capital-of-uttarakhand/603160|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Dehradun]]
| [[Dehradun]]
| 9 November 2000
| 9 November 2000
Line 431: Line 439:
| align="right" |53,483
| align="right" |53,483
| [[Hindi]]
| [[Hindi]]
| [[Sanskrit]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/RF9fH5Q1wNOBdI0R46SlkL/Sanskrit-reviving-the-language-in-today8217s-India.html|title=Sanskrit: reviving the language in today's India|first=Pallavi|last=Singh|date=19 April 2010|website=mint}}</ref>
| [[Sanskrit]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/RF9fH5Q1wNOBdI0R46SlkL/Sanskrit-reviving-the-language-in-today8217s-India.html|title=Sanskrit: reviving the language in today's India|first=Pallavi|last=Singh|date=19 April 2010|website=mint|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223744/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/RF9fH5Q1wNOBdI0R46SlkL/Sanskrit-reviving-the-language-in-today8217s-India.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" |[[West Bengal]]
! scope="row" |[[West Bengal]]
Line 441: Line 449:
| align="right" |91,276,115
| align="right" |91,276,115
| align="right" |88,752
| align="right" |88,752
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]]{{efn|Bengali and Nepali are the Official Languages in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-divisions of Darjeeling district.}}
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| [[Hindi]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu]]
| [[Nepali language|Nepali]],{{efn|Bengali and Nepali are the Official Languages in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-divisions of Darjeeling district.}} [[Hindi]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu]], [[KRNB lects|Kamatapuri]], [[Rangpuri language|Rajbanshi]], [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]], [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]]
|}
|}
{{Notelist}}
{{Notelist}}
Anonymous user
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