Jabalpur: Difference between revisions

{{short description|Metropolis in Madhya Pradesh, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}

| name                           = Jabalpur

| official_name                   =  

| native_name                     = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->

| native_name_lang               = Hindi

| other_name                     = Jubbulpore

| settlement_type                 = [[Metropolis]]

| image_skyline                   = {{Photomontage

| photo1a =

| photo2a =MP HIGH COURT JABALPUR - panoramio.jpg

| photo3a =Jabalpur Engineering College (JEC)'s Admin Building.jpg

| photo3b =Dhuandhar Waterfalls.jpg

| size                            = 280

| spacing                        = 1

| position                        = centre

| image_caption                   = From top: MP High Court, Jabalpur Engineering College & Dhuandhar Waterfall

| nickname                       = Sanskaar Dhaani, Tripur Tirth

| map_caption                     = Location of Jabalpur in India

| pushpin_map                     = India Madhya Pradesh#India

| pushpin_label_position         = left

| coordinates                     = {{coord|23|10|N|79|56|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type               = Country

| subdivision_name               = [[India]]

| subdivision_type1               = State

| subdivision_type2               = [[List of districts of India|District]]

| subdivision_name1               = [[Madhya Pradesh]]

| subdivision_name2               = [[Jabalpur district|Jabalpur]]

| established_title               = <!-- Established -->

| established_date               =  

| government_type                 = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]

| governing_body                 = [[Jabalpur Municipal Corporation]]

| leader_title                   = Mayor

| leader_name                     = Swati Godbole

| unit_pref                       = Metric

| area_total_km2                 = 263.49

| area_footnotes                 = <ref name='Jabalpur City'>{{cite web|title=Jabalpur City|url=https://blog.mygov.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Final_Jabalpur-Smart-City-Proposal_Mygov.pdf|access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

| elevation_footnotes             =  

| elevation_m                     = 412

| population_total               = 1,267,564

| population_as_of               = 2011

| population_footnotes           = <ref name="census_city">{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2322_PART_B_DCHB_INDORE.pdf |title=District Census Handbook, Indore |access-date=23 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531083016/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2322_PART_B_DCHB_INDORE.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2334_PART_B_DCHB_JABALPUR.pdf |title=Jabalpur district |work=2011 Census of India |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114001414/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2334_PART_B_DCHB_JABALPUR.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="1Lakhandabove">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |page=3 |title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2011 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

| population_density_km2         = 3390

| population_metro               = 1,444,667

| population_metro_footnotes     = <ref name="census_metro">{{cite web |url=http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/All-PDF/Workshop%20at%20Admn.Academy%20-%2013%20Nov.%202014/04.%20Urban-data.ppt |title=Presentation on Towns and Urban Agglomerations |work=Census of India 2011 |access-date=13 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314015213/http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/All-PDF/Workshop%20at%20Admn.Academy%20-%2013%20Nov.%202014/04.%20Urban-data.ppt |archive-date=14 March 2016 }}</ref>

| population_rank                 = [[List of most populous cities in India|40th]]

| population_blank1_title         = Metro rank 37th

| population_blank1               = [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|38th]]

| population_demonyms             = Jabalpurians, Jabalpuriya, Jabalpurites

| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]

| utc_offset1                     = +5:30

| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]

| postal_code                     = 482001 to 482011

| area_code                       = +91-761

| area_code_type                 = Telephone code

| iso_code                       = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]

| registration_plate             = MP-20

| blank1_name_sec1               = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]

| blank1_info_sec1               = 929 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]

| website                         =  

| footnotes                       = {{Reflist|group=upper-alpha}}

| leader_title2                   = [[District Magistrate]]

| leader_name2                   = Karmveer Sharma<ref>{{cite web |title=Who's Who {{!}} District Administration Jabalpur, Government of Madhya Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://jabalpur.nic.in/en/about-district/whos-who/ |website=Who's Who |access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref>

| leader_title3                   = [[Municipal commissioner]]

| leader_name3                   = Chandramauli Shukla

| leader_title4                   = MP

| leader_name4                   = [[Rakesh Singh (politician)|Rakesh Singh]]

| blank3_name                     = [[Languages of India|Official language]]

| blank3_info                     = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=25 May 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>

| blank2_name_sec1               = [[Literacy Rate|Average Literacy Rate]]

| blank2_info_sec1               = 82.13%

Jabalpur is generally accepted that the game of [[Snooker]] originated here.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.titansports.co.uk/history/snooker.htm |title=The History of Snooker |publisher=Titansports.co.uk |access-date=1 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021217110948/http://www.titansports.co.uk/history/snooker.htm |archive-date=17 December 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

 

Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of [[Jabalpur district]] (the [[List of districts of India#Madhya Pradesh (MP)|second-most-populous district in Madhya Pradesh]]) and the [[Jabalpur division]].

According to a prevalent theory, Jabalpur was named after a sage named Jabali, who meditated on the banks of the Narmada river. Another theory suggests an [[Arabic]] origin of the word since ''jabal'' in Arabic means granite boulders or huge boulders, which were common in the region. According to a fringe theory, the name refers to ''Jauli Pattala'', a sub-divisional unit, mentioned in [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] inscriptions. Jauli also refers to the [[Huna people|Huna]] queen of the Kalachuri king, Karna. It was spelled as Jubbulpore during British rule.<ref>{{cite news |title=MP Trail: When two Britishers disagreed on the name of Jabalpur |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/heritage/mp-trail-when-two-britishers-disagreed-on-the-name-of-jabalpur/cid/1676744 |access-date=9 December 2019 |work=www.telegraphindia.com |date=27 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

Mythology describes three [[Asura]]s (evil spirits) in the Jabalpur region, who were defeated by the Hindu god [[Shiva]]. [[Tripurasura]] being the main asura, gave the city its ''puranic'' name Tripur Tirth.<ref name="city">[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HiOyJuxqZv4C&pg=PA8 ''Jabalpur City Guide.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118200846/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HiOyJuxqZv4C&pg=PA8 |date=18 November 2015 }} Goodearth Publications, 2008 p8. {{ISBN|9788187780731}}.</ref> [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Tripuri region]] corresponds to the ancient [[Chedi Kingdom]] of Mahabharata times, to which king [[Shishupala]] belongs.

[[Ashoka]]n relics dating to 300 BCE have been found in Rupnath, {{convert|84|km|mi}} north of the city, indicating the presence of the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan Empire]] (322 to 185 BCE) in the region.<ref name="city" /> When the empire fell, Jabalpur became a [[city-state]] before coming under the rule of the [[Satavahana dynasty]] (230 BCE to 220 CE). After their reign, the region was ruled locally by the Bodhis and the Senas, following which it became a [[vassal state]] of the [[Gupta Empire]] (320 to 550).<ref name="city" />

From 675 to 800, the region was ruled by Bamraj Dev of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri Dynasty]] from Karanbel. The best known Kalachuri ruler was Yuvraj Dev I ({{abbr|r.|reigned}}&nbsp;915–945), who married Nohla Devi (a princess of the [[Chalukya dynasty]]).

 

One of the Kalachuri ministers, Golok Simha Kayastha, was instrumental in founding the [[Chausath Yogini Temple, Jabalpur|Chausath Yogini Temple]] near [[Bhedaghat]]. His descendants include Bhoj Simha, who was the [[Dewan]] to Sangramsahi (r. 1491–1543); Dewan Adhar Simha, who was the prime minister to [[Rani Durgavati]] (r. 1550–1564), and Beohar Raghuvir Sinha, the last [[Jagir]]dar of Jabalpur who reigned until 1947.

[[File:Maharani Durgavati.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Painting of a soldier preparing for battle|[[Rani Durgavati]] preparing for the battle of Narrai; fresco by Beohar Rammanohar Sinha in Jabalpur's Shaheed-Smarak]]

The [[Gondwana, India|Gondwana]] king, Raje Madan Shah Madawi of [[Mandla]], (r. 1138–1157) built a watchtower and a small hilltop fort at [[Madan Mahal, Jabalpur|Madan Mahal]], an area in Jabalpur. In the 1500s, the Gond king, Sangram (whose son, Raje [[Dalpat Shah]] Madawi married [[Rani Durgavati]]) held Singaurgarh fort in Sangrampur. [[Rani Durgawati]] was a warrior of the Gond Dynasty, famous for her prosperous kingdom. She was well aware of the importance of water conservation and hence she built more than 85 ponds in Jabalpur, mainly Ranital, Haathital, Madhatal and Hanumantal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindujagruti.org/articles/84_rani-durgavati-gondwana.html|title=Gondwana rulers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171922/https://www.hindujagruti.org/articles/84_rani-durgavati-gondwana.html|archive-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1564, during the reign of Veer Narayan (Sangram's grandson), Abdul Majeed Harawi (viceroy of [[Kara-Manikpur]] in the [[Mughal Empire]]) conquered Jabalpur and its surrounding areas. However, the Mughal supremacy in Jabalpur was more nominal than real.

 

In 1698, the Gondwana king, Raje Hriday Shah (r. 1652–1704) moved his court to the Mandla fort. He secured water sources and built irrigation structures. Later, Gondwana was seized by Nizam (r. 1753–1780). After Nizam, the [[Gondwana Kingdom]] was conquered by the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]].

=== Maratha rule ===

The [[Maratha]] rulers of [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]], came to power in about 1781. Around 1798, the Maratha [[Peshwa]] gave the [[Narmada River|Nerbuddah valley]] to the [[Bhonsle]] kings of [[Nagpur]], who ruled the area until 1818, when it was seized by the [[British East India Company]] after the [[Battle of Sitabuldi]].

=== Climate ===

| title    = Religions in [[Jabalpur district]]<ref name=census2011>{{cite web |title=Jabalpur District Religion Data - Census 2011 |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/318-jabalpur.html |website=www.census2011.co.in |access-date=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195556/http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/318-jabalpur.html |archive-date=6 September 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

{{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]] | orange|86.75}}

{{bar percent|[[Muslim]] | green|8.27}}

{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]] | pink|1.37}}

{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]] | blue|0.94}}

{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]] | red|0.54}}

{{bar percent|No religion stated|pink|0.21}}

{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] | orange|0.18}}

{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.85}}

M.P. State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd. has setup an I.T. park (Techno Park)<ref>{{cite web |title=M.P. State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd. |url=http://www.mpsedc.com/itparkscontent.aspx?page=IT%20Parks&number=140#four |website=MPSEDC}}</ref> in Bargi Hills having total area of 60 acres, 22KM from the Jabalpur airport. [[Paytm]] started their operations at Jabalpur in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nai Duniya Newspaper |url=https://naidunia.jagran.com/madhya-pradesh/jabalpur-paytm-will-give-job-to-two-thousand-youths-in-jabalpur-city-1171612 |access-date=26 May 2017 |publisher=Nai Duniya Newspaper}}</ref>

Jabalpur is the [[Administrative divisions of India|divisional headquarters]] for eight districts: Jabalpur, [[Seoni]], [[Mandla]], [[Chhindwara]], [[Narsinghpur]], [[Katni]], [[Dindori district|Dindori]] and [[Balaghat]]. The district, which was reconstituted on 25 May 1998, has seven ''[[tehsil]]s'':  Jabalpur, [[Sihora]], Patan, Majhouli, Shahpura, Panagar and Kundam. The city is the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, the Home-guards and other state and central-government offices.

Jabalpur is an important tourism city in Madhya Pradesh and central India. Notable sites in Jabalpur include [[Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir]], Jabalpur [[Madan Mahal, Jabalpur|Madan Mahal]], [[Dhuandhar Falls]], [[Chausta -Yogini]], [[various ghat]] and [[Marble Rocks]] in [[Bhedaghat]], Balancing rock near Madan Mahal Fort and the Shiv Statue at Kachnar City. The world-renowned tiger reserves like [[Kanha National Park]], [[Bandhavgarh National Park]], and [[Pench National Park]] can be easily visited via Jabalpur.

Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir is a 17th-century Jain temple that appears like a fortress with numerous [[shikhara]]s. The temple has 22 shrines (vedis), making it the largest independent Jain temple in India. Madan Mahal is a fort built by the Gondi king Madansahi in 1116 which is situated atop a hill in Jabalpur. Kachnar city in Jabalpur is known for a {{convert|76|ft|m|adj=mid|-high|order=flip}} [[Shiva]] statue housing a cavern with replicas of Shiva [[linga]]s from 12 shrines nationwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jabalpurtourismpc.com/Place_Kachnaar_city.aspx|title=Jabalpur|work=Jabalpur Tourism Promotion Council|publisher=Jabalpur Tourism Promotion Council|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419223309/http://www.jabalpurtourismpc.com/Place_Kachnaar_city.aspx|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> The city also houses the [[Rani Durgawati Museum]] which was built in 1964 to commemorate [[Rani Durgavati]]. The museum hosts ancient relics, sculptures and a collection of items related to Mahatma Gandhi. [[Dumna Nature Reserve Park]] is an ecotourism site open to the public which is located in the Jabalpur district. It houses the Khandari Dam, which is a source of drinking water to the city and has many crocodiles. The [[Bargi Dam]] Reservoir near Jabalpur is known for boat rides.

Tourist attractions in Jabalpur also include the boat rides on the Narmada river, which is {{convert|15|km}} away from the city, specially in moonlight. The journey through Narmada reveals the [[Marble Rocks]], where the river has carved the soft [[marble]], creating a gorge of about 8&nbsp;km in length, and the Dhuandhar falls, which is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Jabalpur.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Lamheta Ghaat<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=48|title=Lamheta Ghat|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001821/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=48|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and Tilwara Ghaat<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=1275|title=Tilwara Ghat|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019040910/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=1275|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> are famous [[Ghat]]s on the banks of Narmada River. The Tilwadeshwar temple is located near the Tilwara Ghat and it is also the place where Gandhi's ashes were immersed.

Other tourist destinations near the city include [[Chausath Yogini Temple, Jabalpur|Chausath Yogini Temple]], Bhedaghat Fall,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=66|title=Bhedaghat Water Fall|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001608/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=66|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhadbhada fall,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=129|title=Bhadbhada Waterfall|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019040922/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=129|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Gughra Fall,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=132|title=Ghughra Fall|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001706/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=132|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Osho Amritdham,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=141|title=Osho Amritdham|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001811/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=141|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Pisanhari Ki Madiya which is a historic [[Jain]] pilgrimage near [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jabalpur.nic.in/tourism_pisanhari.htm|title=Pisanhari Ki Madiya|website=jabalpur.nic.in|publisher=Office of District Magistrate, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh|access-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120112341/http://jabalpur.nic.in/tourism_pisanhari.htm|archive-date=20 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and Nandishwardeep Jain temple.

[[File:Jabalpur Airport.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Long, low building with cars parked outside|Airport terminal building]]

Jabalpur city has the [[Jabalpur railway division|divisional headquarters]] of the railways besides having the zonal headquarter of the West Central Railway (WCR). The boundaries of divisional headquarters extend up to Itarsi Junction station in the south, Bina Junction station in the north, Manikpur Junction station and Riwa station in the North East and Singaroli station in the east. All these railway lines are broad gauge lines. A [[narrow-gauge]] line was existing between Jabalpur to Gondia station which is presently under conversion to broad gauge. After completion, this line will provide direct connectivity to Nagpur Junction station. The zonal headquarters include three divisions namely Jabalpur division, Bhopal Division and Kota division.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zones and Divisions of Indian Railways |url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |publisher=Government of India |access-date=13 February 2021 |date=19 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003737/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2015 }}</ref>{{cn|date=February 2021}}

Jabalpur is connected by road to Varanasi, [[Damoh]], [[Sagar]],  Nagpur, [[Bhopal]], Jaipur, Raipur, Allahabad, [[Hyderabad]], [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] and Bangalore. National Highway 30 connects it to Allahabad, Lucknow. National Highway 34 connects it to Kanpur.

[[File:St. Aloysius Senior Secondary School.jpg|thumb|left|[[St. Aloysius Senior Secondary School]] established in the year 1868 is among the oldest schools in India]]

| ''Naiduniya'' || [[Hindi]] || 1947

| ''Patrika'' || Hindi || 2009

| ''[[Nava Bharat]]'' || Hindi || 1934

| ''[[Deshbandhu (newspaper)|Deshbandhu]]'' || Hindi || 1959

| ''[[Hari Bhoomi]]'' || Hindi || 1996

| ''[[The Times of India]]'' || English || 1838

| ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' || English || 1924

| ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]'' || Hindi || 1958

| ''Yash Bharat'' ||  Hindi  || 2006

|  MY FM || 94.3 || ''Jiyo Dil se!''

| [[Radio Mirchi]] || 98.3 || Its Hot!

| Radio Dhamaal || 106.4 || ''Dhinchak''

[[Akashvani (radio broadcaster)|Akashvani]] Jabalpur broadcasts on 801&nbsp;kHz AM with a 200&nbsp;kW transmitter.

The city has two stadiums: Wright Town Stadium and Rani Tal Stadium. It is generally accepted that while serving at Jabalpur in 1875, [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Colonel Sir Neville Chamberlain]] developed a new variation of [[black pool]] by introducing coloured balls into the game in the British Army officer's mess. This game was later dubbed [[snooker]].<ref name="auto"/>

Historical icons

* [[Rani Durgavati]]

* [[Abani Mukherji]]

* [[Sharat Saxena]]

* [[Kirron Kher]]

* [[Shaleen Bhanot]]

* [[Jennifer Mistry Bansiwal]]

* [[Tom Alter]]

Civil Servants

Authors and Poets

{{reflist|30em}}