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{{Short description|Senior military rank}} | {{Short description|Senior military rank}} | ||
'''Junior Commissioned Officer''' ('''JCO''') is a term used for a group of military ranks which is higher than [[havildar]] ([[non commissioned officer]]) and lower than [[lieutenant]] ([[commissioned officer]]). The term is only used by [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Gazetted Officers">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/junior-commissioned-officers-are-gazetted-officers-says-army-1770438|title=Junior Commissioned Officers Are Gazetted Officers, Says Army|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=19 December | '''Junior Commissioned Officer''' ('''JCO''') is a term used for a group of military ranks which is higher than [[havildar]] ([[non commissioned officer]]) and lower than [[lieutenant]] ([[commissioned officer]]). The term is only used by [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Gazetted Officers">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/junior-commissioned-officers-are-gazetted-officers-says-army-1770438|title=Junior Commissioned Officers Are Gazetted Officers, Says Army|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=19 December 2018}}</ref> Senior havildars are promoted to JCO rank on the basis of merit and seniority, restricted by the number of vacancies.<ref name="Kumar"/> JCOs are treated as a separate class and hold additional privileges. Primarily the term was associated with armies but since the 2000s India and Pakistan's navies and air forces are using the term to indicate their [[Chief Petty Officer]]s and [[Warrant Officer]]s. | ||
The [[British Indian Army]] recruited [[Gurkha]] soldiers from Nepal since the 19th century and separate Gurkha Regiments were created for them, the Gurkha soldiers got same ranks as other Indian soldiers; the modern [[Nepal Army]] officially made the Indian Army rank system for their soldiers in 1960s through a series of reorganizations and the 'JCO' term is being used by them from then.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/page/history|title=History - Nepali Army नेपाली सेना|website=www.nepalarmy.mil.np}}</ref> After the secession of [[East Pakistan]] in 1971 the [[Bangladesh Army]] inherited the 'JCO' rank system from [[Pakistan Army]] though since early 2000s the army uses the [[Warrant Officer]] terms. | The [[British Indian Army]] recruited [[Gurkha]] soldiers from Nepal since the 19th century and separate Gurkha Regiments were created for them, the Gurkha soldiers got same ranks as other Indian soldiers; the modern [[Nepal Army]] officially made the Indian Army rank system for their soldiers in 1960s through a series of reorganizations and the 'JCO' term is being used by them from then.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/page/history|title=History - Nepali Army नेपाली सेना|website=www.nepalarmy.mil.np}}</ref> After the secession of [[East Pakistan]] in 1971 the [[Bangladesh Army]] inherited the 'JCO' rank system from [[Pakistan Army]] though since early 2000s the army uses the [[Warrant Officer]] terms. | ||
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==Army== | ==Army== | ||
A Junior Commission is signed and awarded by the [[Havildar]]'s [[commanding officer]].<ref name="Leadership"/> This type of commission is inferior to that held by full [[commissioned officer]]s.<ref name="Personnel Services Directorate">{{cite web |last=Personnel Services Directorate |title=Psdte311212 |url=http://www.indianarmy.gov.in/writereaddata/documents/psdte311212.pdf |access-date=4 December | A Junior Commission is signed and awarded by the [[Havildar]]'s [[commanding officer]].<ref name="Leadership"/> This type of commission is inferior to that held by full [[commissioned officer]]s.<ref name="Personnel Services Directorate">{{cite web |last=Personnel Services Directorate |title=Psdte311212 |url=http://www.indianarmy.gov.in/writereaddata/documents/psdte311212.pdf |access-date=4 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="DSR Indian Army">{{cite web |title=DSR Volume I, Chapter IV—JCOs, WOs,OR AND NON-COMBATANTS (ENROLLED) |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/RTI/rti/DSR/DSR_VOLUME_1/CHAPTER_04/53.htm |date=2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109212304/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/RTI/rti/DSR/DSR_VOLUME_1/CHAPTER_04/53.htm |archive-date=9 November 2014 |website=Indian Army |access-date=4 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="Kumar">{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=M. K. Sunil |title=Rules of the Raj hindering havildars' promotion |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article283262.ece |date=16 May 2012 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref> | ||
In the army, JCOs have a separate [[mess]] (the JCOs' mess), and are entitled to travel in AC 2 Tier on the [[railway]]s and by air economy class (while on temporary duty or other movements). In the infantry, all JCO ranks have the word ''subedar'' in them, whereas the cavalry equivalent is ''risaldar''. | In the army, JCOs have a separate [[mess]] (the JCOs' mess), and are entitled to travel in AC 2 Tier on the [[railway]]s and by air economy class (while on temporary duty or other movements). In the infantry, all JCO ranks have the word ''subedar'' in them, whereas the cavalry equivalent is ''risaldar''. | ||