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{{Use dmy dates|date=April | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Raman Viswanathan | | name = Raman Viswanathan | ||
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| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]<br>[[Accademia nazionale delle scienze|NAS]] Eugeno Morelli Prize<br>Forlanini Medal<br>[[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Dhanwantari Prize | | awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]<br>[[Accademia nazionale delle scienze|NAS]] Eugeno Morelli Prize<br>Forlanini Medal<br>[[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Dhanwantari Prize | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Raman Viswanathan''' (1899–1982) was an Indian chest physician, medical [[mycologist]] and [[pulmonologist]], considered by many as the father of Chest Medicine in India.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan">{{cite web | url=http://www.vpci.org.in/pageLevel.php?id=6&cat=implinks&subid=7&subcat=implinks_sublinks_sublinks | title=Prof. Raman Viswanathan | publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute | date=2016 | access-date=23 April | '''Raman Viswanathan''' (1899–1982) was an Indian chest physician, medical [[mycologist]] and [[pulmonologist]], considered by many as the father of Chest Medicine in India.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan">{{cite web | url=http://www.vpci.org.in/pageLevel.php?id=6&cat=implinks&subid=7&subcat=implinks_sublinks_sublinks | title=Prof. Raman Viswanathan | publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Dr. Raman Viswanathan – the Father of Chest Medicine in India">{{cite web | url=http://tvmc.ac.in/pulmonology/ | title=Dr. Raman Viswanathan – the Father of Chest Medicine in India | publisher=Tirunelveli Medical College | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="World' Super Scientists">{{cite web | url=http://www.winentrance.com/general_knowledge/scientists/viswanathan-raman.html | title=World' Super Scientists | publisher=Winentrance | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> He was the founder director of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]], a postgraduate medical institute based in Delhi. An elected fellow of the [[American College of Chest Physicians]], [[Royal College of Physicians of London]],<ref name="Lives of the fellows">{{cite web | url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/4565 | title=Lives of the fellows | publisher=Royal College of Physicians of London | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> [[Indian National Science Academy]] and the [[Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom]], he was a recipient of several honors including the ''Forlanini Medal'' by Italian Tuberculosis Association and the ''Eugeno Morelli Prize'' of the [[Accademia nazionale delle scienze|National Academy of Sciences, Italy]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N690881 | title=Deceased Fellow | publisher=Indian National Academy of Sciences | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1974, for his contributions to medicine.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=3 January 2016 | archive-date=19 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
== Biography == | == Biography == | ||
R. Viswanathan was born on 8 September 1899 in [[Nagarcoil]], in the southern tip of India in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] to a government official in the erstwhile [[Travancore|Travancore state]] as the youngest of his two children.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org/BM/BM34_0802.pdf | title=Elected Fellow 1968 | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | access-date=23 April | R. Viswanathan was born on 8 September 1899 in [[Nagarcoil]], in the southern tip of India in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] to a government official in the erstwhile [[Travancore|Travancore state]] as the youngest of his two children.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org/BM/BM34_0802.pdf | title=Elected Fellow 1968 | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> After losing his mother at the age of nine, he stayed with his elder sister's family and did his schooling in Nagarcoil. Later, he secured his graduate degree with honours in Science and English literature from the Maharaja's College (present-day [[University College Thiruvananthapuram]]) of the [[University of Madras]] in 1921 after which he graduated in medicine from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1926.<ref name="World' Super Scientists" /> Continuing at the same institution, he passed MD in 1931 and became a member of the [[Royal College of Physicians of London]], the next year.<ref name="Classics in Indian Medicine">{{cite journal | url=http://www.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-6/11-26-6-Classics-Medicine.pdf | title=Classics in Indian Medicine | journal=National Medical Journal of India | year=2013 | volume=26 | issue=6 | access-date=24 April 2016 | archive-date=24 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424223607/http://www.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-6/11-26-6-Classics-Medicine.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> During this period, he also worked as an Assistant Professor of Medicine at [[Madras Medical College]] but moved to [[Andhra Medical College]], [[Visakhapatnam]] in 1934 as the Professor of Clinical Medicine, where he worked till 1941. In between, he took a hiatus from work and obtained ''Diploma in Tuberculosis Diseases'' (TDD) from [[Cardiff University School of Medicine]], Wales, UK, in 1938.<ref name="World' Super Scientists" /> When [[World War II]] broke out, he joined [[Indian Army during World War II|Indian Armed Forces]] in 1942 as an Officer-Commanding of the Medical Division and served as a Medical Specialist and adviser.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> After the war, he retired from the Army and joined the [[Government of India|Union Government]] and worked in various capacities such as an adviser on Tuberculosis (1946–48) and as the Deputy Director General of Health Services (1948–57).<ref name="Classics in Indian Medicine" /> He was also associated with the [[University of Delhi]] during this period, as the head of the Department of Medicine and as the Dean of the Faculty of Medical Sciences.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> | ||
During his tenure with the Government of India, Viswanathan was appointed as the director of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] (VPCI) when the institution was established in 1953.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan" /> He served as the honorary director till 1957 and continued as a full-time director till his superannuation in 1964.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> Post his regular career, he was made the Honorary Professor of VPCI and the Emeritus Scientist of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) and held both the posts till his death, involving himself in research, in post graduate medical education, in organizing medical conferences or delivering keynote addresses at various conferences in India and abroad. He also served as the Honorary Research Director cum Consultant at the [[Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences]], Patna and as a visiting professor at the [[University of Illinois]] (1958) and the [[University of Chicago]], (1964).<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> | During his tenure with the Government of India, Viswanathan was appointed as the director of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] (VPCI) when the institution was established in 1953.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan" /> He served as the honorary director till 1957 and continued as a full-time director till his superannuation in 1964.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> Post his regular career, he was made the Honorary Professor of VPCI and the Emeritus Scientist of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) and held both the posts till his death, involving himself in research, in post graduate medical education, in organizing medical conferences or delivering keynote addresses at various conferences in India and abroad. He also served as the Honorary Research Director cum Consultant at the [[Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences]], Patna and as a visiting professor at the [[University of Illinois]] (1958) and the [[University of Chicago]], (1964).<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> | ||
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== Awards and honors == | == Awards and honors == | ||
Viswanathan, a founder fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] (1964)<ref name="Founder Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://nams-india.in/downloads/obit.pdf | title=Founder Fellows | publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=26 April | Viswanathan, a founder fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] (1964)<ref name="Founder Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://nams-india.in/downloads/obit.pdf | title=Founder Fellows | publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref> and an honorary physician to the President of India,<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /> was an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1968), National College of Chest Physicians (India), [[Royal College of Physicians of London]] (1980), [[American College of Chest Physicians]] (1947) and [[Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom|Academy of Medical Sciences]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /><ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> He was a member of such medical societies as [[American Thoracic Society]], the [[British Thoracic Society]], Indian Association of Pathologists, Associations of Physicians of India and [[Indian Medical Association]].<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> The [[Accademia nazionale delle scienze|National Academy of Sciences, Italy]] awarded him the Eugeno Morelli Prize in 1969 and the Italian Tuberculosis Association followed suit with its Forlanini Medal.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> He received the Dhanwanthari Prize of the Indian National Science Academy in 1971.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> Three years later, the Government of India included him the 1974 [[Indian honours system|Republic Day Honours]] list for the third highest civilian award of the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards" /> | ||
After his death in 1982, [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] renamed the main hospital complex as ''Viswanathan Chest Hospital'' in honor of its founder director.<ref name="Institutions - Patel Chest Institute">{{cite web | url=http://www.fmsc.ac.in/patelchest.htm | title=Institutions - Patel Chest Institute | publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute | date=2016 | access-date=23 April | After his death in 1982, [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] renamed the main hospital complex as ''Viswanathan Chest Hospital'' in honor of its founder director.<ref name="Institutions - Patel Chest Institute">{{cite web | url=http://www.fmsc.ac.in/patelchest.htm | title=Institutions - Patel Chest Institute | publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> National Conference on Pulmonary Diseases (NAPCON) has instituted an annual oration, ''Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration'', in his honor; the 2015 lecture was delivered by noted [[pulmonologist]], S. K. Katiyar.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration">{{cite web | url=http://www.napcon2015.org/ScientificProgramDay2.aspx | title=Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration | publisher=NAPCON | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2016 | archive-date=29 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929021032/http://www.napcon2015.org/ScientificProgramDay2.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Candida viswanathii]], a [[yeast]] species and a common [[pathogen]] causing fungal infections, is named after him.<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /><ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /><ref name="Pathogenicity of Candida viswanathii for normal and cortisone-treated mice">{{cite journal | url=http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/1015363 | title=Pathogenicity of Candida viswanathii for normal and cortisone-treated mice |author1=H.S. Randhawa |author2=S. K. Mishra |author3=V. N. Damodaran |author4=A. Prakash |author5=A. Chowdhary |author6=Z. U. Khan | journal=Journal de Mycologie Médicale | volume=25 | issue=4 | pages=287–92 | date=October 2015 | doi=10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.10.010| pmid=26597146 | s2cid=9161400 }}</ref> His life has been documented in his autobiography, ''While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist'',<ref name="While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist">{{cite book | url=http://lrsitbrd.nic.in/IJTB/Year%201976/January%201976.pdf | title=While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist | publisher=Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis Foundation of India | author=Viswanathan, R. | year=1975 | pages=288 | access-date=24 April 2016 | archive-date=19 June 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619092431/http://lrsitbrd.nic.in/IJTB/Year%201976/January%201976.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as in an article, ''Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile'', published in the ''Indian Journal of Chest Disease and Allied Science'', the official journal of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] and the National College of Chest Physicians.<ref name="Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile">{{cite journal | title=Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile | author=Jaggi O. P. | journal=Indian J Chest Dis. | date=September 1974 | volume=16 | issue=vii-viii | pages=vii–viii | pmid=4613640}}</ref> | ||
== Selected bibliography == | == Selected bibliography == | ||