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{{Short description|Pakistani army general and historian}} | {{Short description|Pakistani army general and historian}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}} | ||
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | {{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | ||
| name = A. I. Akram<br /> آغا ابراہیم اکرم | | name = A. I. Akram<br /> آغا ابراہیم اکرم | ||
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==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
Akram was born in [[Ludhiana]] on 22 September 1923 to an Indian Police Officer.<ref name="October 1945 Indian Army List"> October 1945 Indian Army List</ref> | Akram was born in [[Ludhiana]] on 22 September 1923 to an Indian Police Officer.<ref name="October 1945 Indian Army List"> October 1945 Indian Army List</ref> | ||
He graduated from Government College Lahore in 1942 and joined the [[British Indian Army]], being commissioned a second lieutenant in the [[13th Frontier Force Rifles]] on 26 November 1942. By October 1945 he held the rank of temporary Captain, a promotion he received on 1 January 1945.<ref name="October 1945 Indian Army List" /> He served in [[Burma]] in [[World War II]], and first three [[Indo-Pakistan Wars]].<ref name="The Muslim Conquest of Spain, About Author, page=4">{{cite book |last=Agha |first=Ibrahim Akram |title=The Muslim Conquest of Spain |publisher=Oxford University Press, Pakistan |location=Pakistan |page=265 |isbn=978-0-19-597715-8}}</ref><ref name="A. I. Akram interview with WGBH">{{cite web |title=Interview with General A.I. Akram, 1987 |work=Pakistan's rivalry and conflicts with India |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation |url=http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/wpna-832494-interview-with-general-a-i-akram-1987-part-3-of-4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416051135/http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/wpna-832494-interview-with-general-a-i-akram-1987-part-3-of-4 |access-date=13 February 2012 |archive-date=16 April | He graduated from Government College Lahore in 1942 and joined the [[British Indian Army]], being commissioned a second lieutenant in the [[13th Frontier Force Rifles]] on 26 November 1942. By October 1945 he held the rank of temporary Captain, a promotion he received on 1 January 1945.<ref name="October 1945 Indian Army List" /> He served in [[Burma]] in [[World War II]], and first three [[Indo-Pakistan Wars]].<ref name="The Muslim Conquest of Spain, About Author, page=4">{{cite book |last=Agha |first=Ibrahim Akram |title=The Muslim Conquest of Spain |publisher=Oxford University Press, Pakistan |location=Pakistan |page=265 |isbn=978-0-19-597715-8}}</ref><ref name="A. I. Akram interview with WGBH">{{cite web |title=Interview with General A.I. Akram, 1987 |work=Pakistan's rivalry and conflicts with India |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation |url=http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/wpna-832494-interview-with-general-a-i-akram-1987-part-3-of-4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416051135/http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/wpna-832494-interview-with-general-a-i-akram-1987-part-3-of-4 |access-date=13 February 2012 |archive-date=16 April 2013}}</ref> After the [[partition of India]] in 1947, he preferred to join the [[Pakistan Army]]. | ||
He taught military history as Colonel and Chief Instructor at [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]], [[Quetta]] from September 1960 to November 1965,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gallery Chief Instructors |url=http://armystaffcollege.gov.pk/Gallery_CI.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326013326/http://armystaffcollege.gov.pk/Gallery_CI.php |access-date=27 January 2017 |archive-date=26 March | He taught military history as Colonel and Chief Instructor at [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]], [[Quetta]] from September 1960 to November 1965,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gallery Chief Instructors |url=http://armystaffcollege.gov.pk/Gallery_CI.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326013326/http://armystaffcollege.gov.pk/Gallery_CI.php |access-date=27 January 2017 |archive-date=26 March 2017}}</ref> | ||
during which he acutely felt the lack of detailed, clear and objective literature on Muslim military history. It was at this time when he decided to fill the void himself. | during which he acutely felt the lack of detailed, clear and objective literature on Muslim military history. It was at this time when he decided to fill the void himself. | ||