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{{short description|British journalist}} | {{short description|British journalist}} | ||
{{Use British English|date=March | {{Use British English|date=March 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
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Bergman is the English Editor of [[Netra News]], a Bangladeshi dissident website based in [[Sweden]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://netra.news/about|title=ABOUT}}</ref> He often appears on [[Al Jazeera English]] Television to criticize the government of Sheikh Hasina. He worked with [[Al Jazeera Investigates]] on the documentary ''[[All the Prime Minister's Men]]'' which caused a corruption scandal concerning the country's 16th army chief [[Aziz Ahmed (general)|Aziz Ahmed]]. The [[Government of Bangladesh]] accuses Bergman of being part of a "smear campaign" associated with the [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], a ''de facto'' banned [[Islamist]] party.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://mofa.gov.bd/site/press_release/ad02e180-cebb-4ac0-bb14-52b1cf61ac12|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> | Bergman is the English Editor of [[Netra News]], a Bangladeshi dissident website based in [[Sweden]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://netra.news/about|title=ABOUT}}</ref> He often appears on [[Al Jazeera English]] Television to criticize the government of Sheikh Hasina. He worked with [[Al Jazeera Investigates]] on the documentary ''[[All the Prime Minister's Men]]'' which caused a corruption scandal concerning the country's 16th army chief [[Aziz Ahmed (general)|Aziz Ahmed]]. The [[Government of Bangladesh]] accuses Bergman of being part of a "smear campaign" associated with the [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], a ''de facto'' banned [[Islamist]] party.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://mofa.gov.bd/site/press_release/ad02e180-cebb-4ac0-bb14-52b1cf61ac12|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> | ||
Bergman was once the executive director of the Centre for Corporate Accountability, which promoted the enactment of the [[Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007]] in the [[United Kingdom]].{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} Bergman has worked for several Bangladeshi newspapers and news portals. He is known for his reportage on [[war crime]]s committed during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. An investigative documentary on the subject he worked as a reporter and researcher for British television in 1995 won an award.<ref name=sahgalinterview>{{cite news |first=Tamanna |last=Khan |date=20 April 2012 |title=Defender of Justice |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/04/03/profile.htm |newspaper=Star Weekend Magazine |publisher=The Daily Star |access-date=20 May | Bergman was once the executive director of the Centre for Corporate Accountability, which promoted the enactment of the [[Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007]] in the [[United Kingdom]].{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} Bergman has worked for several Bangladeshi newspapers and news portals. He is known for his reportage on [[war crime]]s committed during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. An investigative documentary on the subject he worked as a reporter and researcher for British television in 1995 won an award.<ref name=sahgalinterview>{{cite news |first=Tamanna |last=Khan |date=20 April 2012 |title=Defender of Justice |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/04/03/profile.htm |newspaper=Star Weekend Magazine |publisher=The Daily Star |access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref name=dawn>{{cite news |date=18 April 2014 |title=Bangladesh files contempt case against British reporter |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1100532 |newspaper=Dawn |agency=Agence France-Presse |access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref> He was convicted of [[contempt of court]] by Bangladesh's special war crimes tribunal in 2015 for contradicting the official death toll of the war.<ref name=convicted2014 /><ref name="british_journalist_2014_12_02_guardian">Greenslade, Roy, [https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2014/dec/02/british-journalist-found-guilty-of-contempt-in-bangladesh "British journalist found guilty of contempt in Bangladesh: He is fined for 'examining' 1971 war statistics,"] 2 December 2014, ''[[The Guardian]],'' retrieved 30 March 2019</ref><ref name="british_journalist_2014_12_02_the_independent">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/british-journalist-found-guilty-of-contempt-by-bangladesh-court-for-questioning-war-death-toll-9897430.html "British journalist found guilty of contempt by Bangladesh court for questioning war death toll: David Bergman 'did not have the right' to examine the figures, it ruled,"] 2 December 2014, ''[[The Independent]],'' retrieved 30 March 2020</ref> Bergman has also contributed to ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[Foreign Policy]]''. | ||
==Personal== | ==Personal== | ||
David Bergman is the son of Alan Bergman, a Jewish dentist from [[Hadley Wood]], in north London.<ref name=thetimesplot /><ref name=guardianplot /><ref name=upiplot /> He holds degrees in both politics and law<ref name="New Age article contemptuous">{{cite news |title=New Age article contemptuous, says ICT |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2012/02/19/new-age-article-contemptuous-says-ict |newspaper=bdnews24.com |date=19 February | David Bergman is the son of Alan Bergman, a Jewish dentist from [[Hadley Wood]], in north London.<ref name=thetimesplot /><ref name=guardianplot /><ref name=upiplot /> He holds degrees in both politics and law<ref name="New Age article contemptuous">{{cite news |title=New Age article contemptuous, says ICT |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2012/02/19/new-age-article-contemptuous-says-ict |newspaper=bdnews24.com |date=19 February 2022}}</ref> and his law degree is from the [[University of Birmingham]].<ref name=thetimesplot>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Hamlyn |date=17 September 1986 |title=Briton caught up in 'Bhopal vendetta': David Bergman |newspaper=The Times (London)}}</ref><ref name=plot>{{cite news |date=22 September 1986 |title='Plot to silence' Briton in Bhopal |newspaper=The Glasgow Herald |page=3}}</ref> Bergman is married to Bangladeshi lawyer and writer [[Sara Hossain]],<ref name=family>{{cite news |date=1 December 2011 |title=Nurul Kabir to continue his defence on Dec 20 |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2011/12/01/nurul-kabir-to-continue-his-defence-on-dec-20 |newspaper=BDNews24 |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=5 May 2011 |title=Yunus verdict today |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=184303 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=bcnet /> who is the co-editor of ''{{'}}Honor{{'}}: Crimes, Paradigms and Violence Against Women''.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Hossain |editor-first1=Sara |editor-last2=Welchman |editor-first2=Lynn |date=2005 |title='Honour': Crimes, Paradigms and Violence Against Women |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujwLunL_rrQC&pg=PR9 |publisher=Zed Books |pages=9– |isbn=978-1-84277-627-8}}</ref> His father-in-law is Dr. [[Kamal Hossain]], who has been the president of the [[Gano Forum]] political party in Bangladesh since he founded it in 1992.<ref name=family /><ref name=bcnet /><ref>{{cite news |author=Anwar Parvez Halim |date=12 June 2011 |title=Sons and daughters of political parents |url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/9375343-sons-and-daughters-of-political-parents |publisher=All Voices |access-date=22 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413063404/http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/9375343-sons-and-daughters-of-political-parents |archive-date=13 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 February 2012 |title=Two decades of Gono Forum |url=http://probenews.com/utility/emaillists/printview/4f2db660-626c-443d-9395-2672416fb142/ams/Newsarticle |work=Probe News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193001/http://probenews.com/utility/emaillists/printview/4f2db660-626c-443d-9395-2672416fb142/ams/Newsarticle |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> However, Bergman does not have Bangladeshi citizenship. | ||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
David Bergman is an investigative journalist and previously worked for the UK's [[Twenty Twenty]].<ref name="twenty">{{cite web |title=Who's worked with us?: A list of about 800 of the UK's most talented and skilled people |url=http://www.aag50.dial.pipex.com/07_modem_text_only/alumni.html |publisher=Twenty Twenty (former website) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040719225047/http://www.aag50.dial.pipex.com/07_modem_text_only/alumni.html |archive-date=19 July 2004 |access-date=22 December | David Bergman is an investigative journalist and previously worked for the UK's [[Twenty Twenty Television|Twenty Twenty]].<ref name="twenty">{{cite web |title=Who's worked with us?: A list of about 800 of the UK's most talented and skilled people |url=http://www.aag50.dial.pipex.com/07_modem_text_only/alumni.html |publisher=Twenty Twenty (former website) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040719225047/http://www.aag50.dial.pipex.com/07_modem_text_only/alumni.html |archive-date=19 July 2004 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> He has formerly worked at several Bangladeshi newspapers, including ''[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]]'',<ref name=credentials>{{cite news |date=7 October 2013 |title=Rejoinder to 'SQ's relatives unperturbed' |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/10/07/rejoinder-to-sq-s-relatives-unperturbed |newspaper=bdnews24 |access-date=7 October 2022}}</ref> ''[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-123502|title=War crimes act needs reform|date=26 January 2010|website=The Daily Star}}</ref> and [[bdnews24.com]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bdnews24.com/media-en/2021/02/07/toufique-khalidi-says-david-bergman-has-deficiencies-confuses-activism-with-journalism|title=Where does David Bergman fall short? Toufique Khalidi has an explanation|website=bdnews24.com}}</ref> In addition to writing for Bangladeshi papers, Bergman has contributed to ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' and ''[[The Economist]]''.<ref name=FPMYunus>{{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |date=15 March 2011 |title=Is this the End of Muhammad Yunus |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/03/15/is-this-the-end-for-muhammad-yunus/ |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref><ref name=EconMYunus>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/asiaview/2011/03/muhammad_yunus|title=Muhammed Yunus: You're fired. No, I'm not, The Economist, 3 March 2011|newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> His coverage of the [[International War Crimes Tribunal]] appeared in ''[[The Independent]]'' newspaper.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/bangladesh-opposition-party-chief-given-life-sentence-for-war-crimes-8482279.html |first=David |last=Bergman |title=Bangladesh: Opposition party chief given life sentence for war crimes |newspaper=The Independent (UK) |date=5 February 2013 |access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
Between 1999 and 2009, Bergman headed the human rights organisation Centre for Corporate Accountability and advocated for legal reforms on work-related deaths.<ref name=1999CCA /><ref name=trustreport /> | Between 1999 and 2009, Bergman headed the human rights organisation Centre for Corporate Accountability and advocated for legal reforms on work-related deaths.<ref name=1999CCA /><ref name=trustreport /> | ||
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[[Gita Sahgal]], who later produced ''War Crimes File'', said she first met Bergman when he was politically active in the relief work after the [[Bhopal disaster]] in India.<ref name=sahgalinterview /> Bergman first traveled from [[Birmingham]], England, to [[Bhopal]] in March 1986 by bicycle as a charity to raise £5,000 for the victims of the disaster. While there, he became entangled in a legal dispute over the government's role in relief that ''[[The Guardian]]'' later dubbed "The Bergman Affair".<ref name=affair /> Other organizations providing relief to the victims of the Bhopal disaster said they were harassed or prevented from being effective because of government intervention.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Hamlyn |title=Bhopal gas tragedy claims more victims two years on: Aftermath of Indian chemical plant disaster |newspaper=The Times (London) |date=3 December 1986}}</ref> | [[Gita Sahgal]], who later produced ''War Crimes File'', said she first met Bergman when he was politically active in the relief work after the [[Bhopal disaster]] in India.<ref name=sahgalinterview /> Bergman first traveled from [[Birmingham]], England, to [[Bhopal]] in March 1986 by bicycle as a charity to raise £5,000 for the victims of the disaster. While there, he became entangled in a legal dispute over the government's role in relief that ''[[The Guardian]]'' later dubbed "The Bergman Affair".<ref name=affair /> Other organizations providing relief to the victims of the Bhopal disaster said they were harassed or prevented from being effective because of government intervention.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Hamlyn |title=Bhopal gas tragedy claims more victims two years on: Aftermath of Indian chemical plant disaster |newspaper=The Times (London) |date=3 December 1986}}</ref> | ||
In September 1986, when Bergman was 21 years old, he was held in custody in violation of India's [[The Foreigners Act, 1946|Foreigners Act]] and [[National Security Act (India)|National Security Act]] and was accused of working for [[Union Carbide]].<ref name=thetimesplot /><ref name=highcourt /> Around the time of his detention, Bergman was on a [[hunger strike]] and also suffering from [[hepatitis]], and although he requested the court allow him to travel for treatment his request was denied, as was his father's intervention on behalf of his son's health.<ref name=thetimesplot /><ref name=guardianplot>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Hoyland |title=India holds British aid worker: Arrest of David Bergman under official secrets act |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=9 September 1986}}</ref><ref name=upiplot>{{cite news |first=Mazhar |last=Ullah |title=Briton faces trial in Bhopal leak |publisher=United Press International |date=22 September 1986}}</ref><ref name=plot /> He denied the charges as a form of harassment and challenged the lower courts decision.<ref name=highcourt /><ref name=dismissed /> His case was heard before the Supreme Court,<ref name=highcourt>{{cite news |title=Court to Hear Man's Plea on Bhopal |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |agency=Reuters |date=30 October 1986}}</ref> and the high court decided in his favour and also allowed for his continued stay in India to take part in the relief efforts.<ref name=affair>{{cite news |title=Bhopal Briton wins visa ruling: David Bergman affair |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=31 October 1986}}</ref> Later, the Supreme Court intervened again and forced the lower court to dismiss the charges.<ref name=dismissed>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Steyn |title=Bhopal Briton returns: David Bergman |newspaper=The Times (London) |date=2 January 1987}}</ref> Bergman later spoke to the media for the Bhopal Action Group, London, and argued against the sabotage theory advocated by Union Carbide and in favour of design flaws as the cause.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Roger |last=Milne |date=19 May 1988 |title='Act of Sabotage' killed thousands at Bhopal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBbmVGaFBpAC&pg=PA28 |magazine=New Scientist |page=28 |access-date=21 February | In September 1986, when Bergman was 21 years old, he was held in custody in violation of India's [[The Foreigners Act, 1946|Foreigners Act]] and [[National Security Act (India)|National Security Act]] and was accused of working for [[Union Carbide]].<ref name=thetimesplot /><ref name=highcourt /> Around the time of his detention, Bergman was on a [[hunger strike]] and also suffering from [[hepatitis]], and although he requested the court allow him to travel for treatment his request was denied, as was his father's intervention on behalf of his son's health.<ref name=thetimesplot /><ref name=guardianplot>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Hoyland |title=India holds British aid worker: Arrest of David Bergman under official secrets act |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=9 September 1986}}</ref><ref name=upiplot>{{cite news |first=Mazhar |last=Ullah |title=Briton faces trial in Bhopal leak |publisher=United Press International |date=22 September 1986}}</ref><ref name=plot /> He denied the charges as a form of harassment and challenged the lower courts decision.<ref name=highcourt /><ref name=dismissed /> His case was heard before the Supreme Court,<ref name=highcourt>{{cite news |title=Court to Hear Man's Plea on Bhopal |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |agency=Reuters |date=30 October 1986}}</ref> and the high court decided in his favour and also allowed for his continued stay in India to take part in the relief efforts.<ref name=affair>{{cite news |title=Bhopal Briton wins visa ruling: David Bergman affair |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=31 October 1986}}</ref> Later, the Supreme Court intervened again and forced the lower court to dismiss the charges.<ref name=dismissed>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Steyn |title=Bhopal Briton returns: David Bergman |newspaper=The Times (London) |date=2 January 1987}}</ref> Bergman later spoke to the media for the Bhopal Action Group, London, and argued against the sabotage theory advocated by Union Carbide and in favour of design flaws as the cause.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Roger |last=Milne |date=19 May 1988 |title='Act of Sabotage' killed thousands at Bhopal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBbmVGaFBpAC&pg=PA28 |magazine=New Scientist |page=28 |access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India: Challenges Union Carbide's Bid for Personal Settlements |publisher=Inter Press Service |date=17 June 1988}}</ref> He also published an article in a law journal about these competing views.<ref>{{cite journal |first=David |last=Bergman |title=The sabotage theory and the legal strategy of Union Carbide |journal=New Law Journal |volume=138 |date=17 June 1988}}</ref> | ||
==Workers' rights== | ==Workers' rights== | ||
Bergman was affiliated with the Centre for Corporate Accountability as its executive director for nine years before stepping down in 2009 when it closed.<ref name=1999CCA>{{cite news |first=David |last=Bergman |title=Where the blame lies |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=7 October 1999}}</ref><ref name=trustreport>{{cite web |title=Grantees: Centre for Corporate Accountability |publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust |url=http://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Centre-for-Corporate-Accountability}}</ref> While at this organization, Bergman worked on legal issues related to workers' safety issues and the Centre supported the [[Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Nick |last=Mathiason |title=Company ethics? They're not our business |newspaper=The Guardian / The Observer |date=17 November 2002 |access-date=22 February 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/nov/17/corporateaccountability.theobserver1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2003/feb/02/business.conferences7?INTCMP=SRCH |first=David |last=Bergman |title=Work deaths soar as Labour dithers |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=2 February 2003 |access-date=21 February | Bergman was affiliated with the Centre for Corporate Accountability as its executive director for nine years before stepping down in 2009 when it closed.<ref name=1999CCA>{{cite news |first=David |last=Bergman |title=Where the blame lies |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=7 October 1999}}</ref><ref name=trustreport>{{cite web |title=Grantees: Centre for Corporate Accountability |publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust |url=http://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Centre-for-Corporate-Accountability}}</ref> While at this organization, Bergman worked on legal issues related to workers' safety issues and the Centre supported the [[Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Nick |last=Mathiason |title=Company ethics? They're not our business |newspaper=The Guardian / The Observer |date=17 November 2002 |access-date=22 February 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/nov/17/corporateaccountability.theobserver1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2003/feb/02/business.conferences7?INTCMP=SRCH |first=David |last=Bergman |title=Work deaths soar as Labour dithers |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=2 February 2003 |access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Manslaughter concession |journal=New Law Journal |volume=157 |issue=7283 |date=27 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Tran |title=Corporate killing bill unveiled |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=23 November 2004 |access-date=21 February 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/nov/23/ethicalbusiness.queensspeech2004?INTCMP=SRCH}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2007/dec/08/workandcareers2?INTCMP=SRCH |first=Phil |last=Chamberlain |title=Safety catch |newspaper=The Guardian (UK) |date=8 December 2007 |access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref> The law went into effect in 2008 and allows corporations to be charged with manslaughter that occurs inside the jurisdiction of the United Kingdom, including multinationals.<ref>{{cite news |title=The 25 Most Influential Executives in the Business Travel Industry, 2008 |publisher=Business Travel News |date=20 January 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Notable works of journalism== | ==Notable works of journalism== | ||
===Bangladesh war crimes=== | ===Bangladesh war crimes=== | ||
Bergman was the reporter and researcher behind the 1995 documentary film ''War Crimes File'' that was aired on British TV [[Channel 4]] about the [[1971 Bangladesh atrocities]].<ref name=sahgalinterview /> The film was produced by [[Gita Sahgal]], director of this film was Howard Bradburn, made with the assistance of Bangladeshi filmmaker [[Tareque Masud]], and created for Twenty Twenty.<ref name=sahgalinterview /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/?p=542 |title=War Crimes File – A Documentary BY Twenty Twenty Television |work=Bangladesh Genocide Archive|date=19 June 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Gita Sahgal |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=214510 |title=Dead Reckoning: Disappearing stories and evidence |work=The Daily Star |date=18 December 2011 |access-date=22 December | Bergman was the reporter and researcher behind the 1995 documentary film ''War Crimes File'' that was aired on British TV [[Channel 4]] about the [[1971 Bangladesh atrocities]].<ref name=sahgalinterview /> The film was produced by [[Gita Sahgal]], director of this film was Howard Bradburn, made with the assistance of Bangladeshi filmmaker [[Tareque Masud]], and created for Twenty Twenty.<ref name=sahgalinterview /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/?p=542 |title=War Crimes File – A Documentary BY Twenty Twenty Television |work=Bangladesh Genocide Archive|date=19 June 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Gita Sahgal |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=214510 |title=Dead Reckoning: Disappearing stories and evidence |work=The Daily Star |date=18 December 2011 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Rakib |last1=Ahammed |first2=Rizanuzzaman |last2=Laskar |title=2 key witnesses lost |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=198696 |work=The Daily Star |date=15 August 2011 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> The program received a special commendation in the "Best International Current Affairs Award" category from the [[Royal Television Society]] in 1995, which was for its "courageous exposé of Islamic extremists now living in Britain".<ref>{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Holden |title=Top Award for Diana's Interviewer |publisher=Press Association News |date=23 February 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/sites/default/files/file/PDF's/Awards/Awards_Archive_February_2011.pdf |title=RTS National Awards |publisher=Royal Television Society |access-date=2 February 2013 |page=59}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Awards and nominations |url=http://www.aag50.dial.pipex.com/07_modem_text_only/awards.html |publisher=Twenty Twenty (former website) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021230538/http://www.aag50.dial.pipex.com/07_modem_text_only/awards.html |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> The film was subjected to a libel charge by the men featured in the film.<ref>{{cite news |first=Naeem |last=Mohaiemen |title=Flying blind: Waiting for a real reckoning on 1971 |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/forum/2011/October/flying.htm |work=Forum |publisher=The Daily Star |issue=Vol v, no 10 |date=October 2011 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> | ||
Bergman's personal blog Bangladesh Politico follows the proceedings of the [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal]] of Bangladesh, a tribunal set up with solely domestic judges to use domestic law.<ref name=dawn /> | Bergman's personal blog Bangladesh Politico follows the proceedings of the [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal]] of Bangladesh, a tribunal set up with solely domestic judges to use domestic law.<ref name=dawn /> | ||
Bergman published a controversial opinion article, "A crucial period for International Crimes Tribunal", in ''[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]]'' on 2 October 2011 that was seen as contempt by Justice Md Nizamul Huq, Justice ATM Fazle Kabir and AKM Zahir Ahmed, although the body exonerated Bergman and his publisher, it warned them to be more careful.<ref name=DS_001>{{cite news |title=New Age editor, publisher, journo reprimanded |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=223183 |access-date=29 September 2013 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=20 February | Bergman published a controversial opinion article, "A crucial period for International Crimes Tribunal", in ''[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]]'' on 2 October 2011 that was seen as contempt by Justice Md Nizamul Huq, Justice ATM Fazle Kabir and AKM Zahir Ahmed, although the body exonerated Bergman and his publisher, it warned them to be more careful.<ref name=DS_001>{{cite news |title=New Age editor, publisher, journo reprimanded |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=223183 |access-date=29 September 2013 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=20 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=35917 |title=New Age editor exonerated |work=The Daily Star |date=19 February 2012 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=David |last=Bergman |title=A crucial period for International Crimes Tribunal |url=http://newagebd.com/newspaper1/archive_details.php?date=2011-10-01&nid=35250 |work=New Age |date=1 October 2011 |access-date=22 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021235739/http://newagebd.com/newspaper1/archive_details.php?date=2011-10-01&nid=35250 |archive-date=21 October 2022}}</ref> In December 2012, Justice Nizamul Huq resigned for [[2012 ICT Skype controversy|Skype Scandal]] between the justice and [[Ahmed Ziauddin]] that compromised the fairness of the tribunal were revealed on YouTube and in publications such as ''The Economist'' and ''Amar Desh''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=43105 |title=Justice Nizamul quits International Crimes Tribunal |newspaper=The Daily Star (Bangladesh) |date=11 December 2012 |access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Daily Star |title=Bangladesh tribunal extends deadline for two journalists to reply to notice |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=267783 |date=4 February 2013 |access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Daily Star |title=Sedition case filed against Amar Desh editor, publisher |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=43158 |date=13 December 2013 |access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref> Elsewhere in the media, Bergman has criticised the due process procedures of the International Crimes Tribunal as flawed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Muslim preacher gets death for Bangla genocide |url=http://www.omantribune.com/index.php?page=news&id=136246&heading=Asia |newspaper=Oman Tribune |agency=Agence-France Presse |date=21 January 2013 |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> He has been critical of the tribunal's due process and principles in following rule of law.<ref name=bcnet>{{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |date=15 February 2013 |title=My response to Tahmina Anam's article on 'Shahbag', 1971 war crimes trials in Bangladesh, and demands for hangings |url=http://bangladeshchronicle.net/2013/02/my-response-to-tahmina-anams-article-on-shahbag-1971-war-crimes-trials-in-bangladesh-and-demands-for-hangings/ |newspaper=Bangladesh Chronicle |access-date=21 February 2013 |archive-date=21 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121060353/http://bangladeshchronicle.net/2013/02/my-response-to-tahmina-anams-article-on-shahbag-1971-war-crimes-trials-in-bangladesh-and-demands-for-hangings/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bangladesh's tribunal raised a further contempt charge against Bergman in April 2014 concerning three articles he had published on his blog about the court. At issue is his writings about how many people died during the Bangladesh Liberation War with the court using the official figure of three million and Bergman saying that number is disputed by evidence.<ref name=dawn /> He was convicted by that court at the end of 2014, where it was proclaimed that he "hurt the feelings of the nation."<ref name="british_journalist_2014_12_02_guardian" /><ref name="british_journalist_2014_12_02_the_independent" /><ref name=convicted2014>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/british-journalist-david-bergman-convicted-bangladesh-questioning-1971-war-death-toll-1731760 |title=British Journalist David Bergman Convicted In Bangladesh For Questioning 1971 War Death Toll |first=Sneha |last=Shankar |date=2 December 2014 |work=International Business Times}}</ref> | ||
===Al Jazeera=== | ===Al Jazeera=== | ||
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Bergman runs a personal blog called Bangladesh Politico.<ref name="auto1"/> His criticism often focuses on [[Sheikh Hasina]] and her family. Bergman has been deeply critical of the Awami League's [[authoritarianism]] since Sheikh Hasina was re-elected in 2009. Bergman initially focused on the flaws of the war crimes tribunal set up by Sheikh Hasina's government in 2010. Since 2014, when the [[Bangladeshi general election, 2014|national election]] was boycotted by the opposition, Bergman became a fierce critic of Bangladesh's autocratic drift and [[human rights abuses]] by security agencies like the [[Rapid Action Battalion]] and the [[Directorate General of Forces Intelligence]]. | Bergman runs a personal blog called Bangladesh Politico.<ref name="auto1"/> His criticism often focuses on [[Sheikh Hasina]] and her family. Bergman has been deeply critical of the Awami League's [[authoritarianism]] since Sheikh Hasina was re-elected in 2009. Bergman initially focused on the flaws of the war crimes tribunal set up by Sheikh Hasina's government in 2010. Since 2014, when the [[Bangladeshi general election, 2014|national election]] was boycotted by the opposition, Bergman became a fierce critic of Bangladesh's autocratic drift and [[human rights abuses]] by security agencies like the [[Rapid Action Battalion]] and the [[Directorate General of Forces Intelligence]]. | ||
Bergman is also the English language editor of [[Netra News]]. Apart from the Awami League, Bergman has been critical of [[Mahfuz Anam]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://netra.news/2020/re-writing-the-history-of-bangladeshs-padma-bridge-criminal-conspiracy-1402|title=Re-writing the history of Bangladesh's Padma Bridge criminal conspiracy|date=20 December | Bergman is also the English language editor of [[Netra News]]. Apart from the Awami League, Bergman has been critical of [[Mahfuz Anam]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://netra.news/2020/re-writing-the-history-of-bangladeshs-padma-bridge-criminal-conspiracy-1402|title=Re-writing the history of Bangladesh's Padma Bridge criminal conspiracy|date=20 December 2022}}</ref> [[BRAC (organization)|BRAC]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/netranews/bangladeshs-ruling-party-family-think-tank-a64127c419e8|title=Bangladesh's Ruling Party Family Think Tank|date=14 October 2020|website=Netra News}}</ref> the [[London School of Economics]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://netra.news/2021/lse-sheikh-mujib-and-the-bangladesh-government-1523|title=LSE, Sheikh Mujib and the Bangladesh government|date=19 January 2021}}</ref> the [[Biden administration]], the [[United Nations]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/netranews/undp-defends-its-decision-to-work-with-awami-league-family-organisation-b39c7fc20764|title=UNDP defends its decision to work with Awami League family organisation|date=23 October 2020|website=Netra News}}</ref> [[Amnesty International India]], the [[List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Bangladesh|British High Commissioner to Bangladesh]], the [[European Union]] Ambassador to Bangladesh,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/netranews/why-is-bangladeshs-human-rights-record-on-such-a-steep-decline-the-diplomatic-silence-8b11bddd1ed1|title=Why is Bangladesh's human rights record on such a steep decline? The diplomatic silence|date=9 March 2021|website=Netra News}}</ref> [[Tulip Siddiq]], [[Boris Johnson]], [[Dominic Raab]] and the [[British Labour Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://netra.news/2021/uk-labour-partys-awami-league-problem-1480|title=UK Labour Party's Awami League problem|date=11 January 2021}}</ref> | ||
==Works== | ==Works== | ||
* Bergman, David. "The sabotage theory and the legal strategy of Union Carbide," ''New Law Journal'', 138, 17 June 1988. | * Bergman, David. "The sabotage theory and the legal strategy of Union Carbide," ''New Law Journal'', 138, 17 June 1988. | ||
* Bergman, David. (Director) "War Crimes Files" (documentary), ''Dispatches'' (program), Channel 4. 1995. | * Bergman, David. (Director) "War Crimes Files" (documentary), ''Dispatches'' (program), Channel 4. 1995. | ||
* {{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |author-mask=2 |date=2 October 2011 |title=A crucial period for International Crimes Tribunal |url=http://newagebd.com/newspaper1/archive_details.php?date=2011-10-01&nid=35250 |newspaper=New Age |location=Dhaka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021235739/http://newagebd.com/newspaper1/archive_details.php?date=2011-10-01&nid=35250 |archive-date=21 October | * {{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |author-mask=2 |date=2 October 2011 |title=A crucial period for International Crimes Tribunal |url=http://newagebd.com/newspaper1/archive_details.php?date=2011-10-01&nid=35250 |newspaper=New Age |location=Dhaka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021235739/http://newagebd.com/newspaper1/archive_details.php?date=2011-10-01&nid=35250 |archive-date=21 October 2022}} | ||
* {{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |author-mask=2 |date=15 February 2013 |title=My response to Tahmina Anam's article on 'Shahbag', 1971 war crimes trials in Bangladesh, and demands for hangings |url=http://www.bangladeshchronicle.net/index.php/2013/02/my-response-to-tahmina-anams-article-on-shahbag-1971-war-crimes-trials-in-bangladesh-and-demands-for-hangings/ |newspaper=Bangladesh Chronicle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207052658/http://www.bangladeshchronicle.net/index.php/2013/02/my-response-to-tahmina-anams-article-on-shahbag-1971-war-crimes-trials-in-bangladesh-and-demands-for-hangings/ |archive-date=7 February | * {{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |author-mask=2 |date=15 February 2013 |title=My response to Tahmina Anam's article on 'Shahbag', 1971 war crimes trials in Bangladesh, and demands for hangings |url=http://www.bangladeshchronicle.net/index.php/2013/02/my-response-to-tahmina-anams-article-on-shahbag-1971-war-crimes-trials-in-bangladesh-and-demands-for-hangings/ |newspaper=Bangladesh Chronicle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207052658/http://www.bangladeshchronicle.net/index.php/2013/02/my-response-to-tahmina-anams-article-on-shahbag-1971-war-crimes-trials-in-bangladesh-and-demands-for-hangings/ |archive-date=7 February 2022}} | ||
* {{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |author-mask=2 |date=16 May 2013 |title=Witness alleges state abduction |url=http://www.newagebd.com/detail.php?date=2013-05-16&nid=49319 |newspaper=New Age |location=Dhaka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130112346/http://www.newagebd.com/detail.php?date=2013-05-16&nid=49319#.Vh_01SvAE-X |archive-date=30 January | * {{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |author-mask=2 |date=16 May 2013 |title=Witness alleges state abduction |url=http://www.newagebd.com/detail.php?date=2013-05-16&nid=49319 |newspaper=New Age |location=Dhaka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130112346/http://www.newagebd.com/detail.php?date=2013-05-16&nid=49319#.Vh_01SvAE-X |archive-date=30 January 2022}} | ||
* {{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |author-mask=2 |date=17 April 2014 |title=Questioning an Iconic Number |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/questioning-an-iconic-number/article5940833.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}} | * {{cite news |last=Bergman |first=David |author-mask=2 |date=17 April 2014 |title=Questioning an Iconic Number |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/questioning-an-iconic-number/article5940833.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}} | ||