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{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Short description|Former Pakistani Naval Chief}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    =  
| honorific-prefix    = Vice Admiral
| name                = Afzal Rahman Khan
| name                = Afzal Rahman Khan
| native_name        = <!--The person's name in their own language, if different.-->
| native_name        = <!--The person's name in their own language, if different.-->
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| footnotes          =  
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}}
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[[Vice-Admiral]] '''Afzal Akram Rahman Khan''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu:]] افضل رحمان خان; born: 1921— 2005;<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro">{{cite web|last1=Siddiqui|first1=Kazi Zulkader|title=Petaro; BOG bio|url=http://www.petaro.org/BOG/bog-ARKhan.htm|website=www.petaro.org|publisher=Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref> popularly known as  '''Admiral A. R. Khan'''), [[Civil decorations of Pakistan|HQA]], [[Nishan-e-Pakistan|HPk]], [[Hilal-e-Jurat|HJ]], was a [[Three-star rank|three-star]] rank [[admiral]], [[Pakistani politician|politician]], and the [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Navy)|Commander in Chief]] of [[Pakistan Navy]], serving under [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]] from 1959 until 1966.
[[Vice-Admiral]] '''Afzal Akram Rahman Khan''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu:]] افضل رحمان خان; born: 1921— 2005;<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro">{{cite web|last1=Siddiqui|first1=Kazi Zulkader|title=Petaro; BOG bio|url=http://www.petaro.org/BOG/bog-ARKhan.htm|website=www.petaro.org|publisher=Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro|accessdate=1 November 2022}}</ref> popularly known as  '''Admiral A. R. Khan'''), [[Civil decorations of Pakistan|HQA]], [[Nishan-e-Pakistan|HPk]], [[Hilal-e-Jurat|HJ]], was a [[Pakistan Navy]] [[admiral]], [[Pakistani politician|politician]], and the [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Navy)|Commander in Chief]] of [[Pakistan Navy]], serving under [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]] from 1959 until 1966.


Prior to that, he also simultaneously served in the [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]]'s [[Stratocracy|administration]] as an [[Interior Minister of Pakistan|Interior Minister]] and [[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Defence Minister]] until resigning when General [[Yahya Khan]], an [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Army)|Army Commander-in-Chief]], enforced a [[Martial law in Pakistan|martial law]] in 1969. Gaining [[Officer (armed forces)|commission]] in [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)|Royal Indian Navy]] in 1938, he served in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] with India in 1947 in non-combat operations but earned notability and prestige when he commanded the [[Pakistan Navy]] against [[Indian Navy]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|war]] with India in 1965.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" />
Prior to that, he also simultaneously served in the [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]]'s [[Stratocracy|administration]] as an [[Interior Minister of Pakistan|Interior Minister]] and [[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Defence Minister]] until resigning when General [[Yahya Khan]], an [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Army)|Army Commander-in-Chief]], enforced a [[Martial law in Pakistan|martial law]] in 1969. Gaining [[Officer (armed forces)|commission]] in [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)|Royal Indian Navy]] in 1938, he served in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] with India in 1947 in non-combat operations but earned notability and prestige when he commanded the [[Pakistan Navy]] against [[Indian Navy]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|war]] with India in 1965.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" />
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Afzal Akram Rahman Khan Vardak was born in [[British India]] on 20 March 1921, His family migrated from Gurdaspur,  Ex-Senator Asif Fasihuddin Vardak is relative of him, and it is known very little on his early life primarily based on literature published in combined [[Military history of South Asia|military history]] of [[Military history of Pakistan|Pakistan]] and [[Military history of India|India]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /><ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy"/> As many of his contemporaries in the [[Indian military|British Indian military]], he was educated at the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] at [[Dehradun]], and gained [[Commissioned officer|commission]] as a [[Midshipman]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)|Royal Indian Navy]] in 1938.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> He was also trained as [[naval artillery]] specialist from [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[United Kingdom]] and participated in [[World War II]] on behalf of [[Great Britain]].{{rp|190}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|year=1995|publisher=Lancer Publishers, Roy|isbn=9781897829110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=Afzal+Rahman+Khan+defence+minister&pg=PA190|accessdate=1 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>
Afzal Akram Rahman Khan Vardak was born in [[British India]] on 20 March 1921, His family migrated from Gurdaspur,  Ex-Senator Asif Fasihuddin Vardak is relative of him, and it is known very little on his early life primarily based on literature published in combined [[Military history of South Asia|military history]] of [[Military history of Pakistan|Pakistan]] and [[Military history of India|India]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /><ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy"/> As many of his contemporaries in the [[Indian military|British Indian military]], he was educated at the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] at [[Dehradun]], and gained [[Commissioned officer|commission]] as a [[Midshipman]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)|Royal Indian Navy]] in 1938.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> He was also trained as [[naval artillery]] specialist from [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[United Kingdom]] and participated in [[World War II]] on behalf of [[Great Britain]].{{rp|190}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|year=1995|publisher=Lancer Publishers, Roy|isbn=9781897829110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=Afzal+Rahman+Khan+defence+minister&pg=PA190|accessdate=1 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>


After [[World War II]], he studied at the [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]] in 1945 and graduated with a [[staff officer|staff course]] degree in 1946.<ref name="Command and Staff College">{{cite web|last1=Army staff college|title=Gallery Alumni|url=http://armystaffcollege.gov.pk/Gallery_Alumni.php|website=armystaffcollege.gov.pk|publisher=Command and Staff College|accessdate=1 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815081521/http://armystaffcollege.gov.pk/Gallery_Alumni.php|archive-date=15 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> During this time, he was contemporary to [[Gopal Gurunath Bewoor]] ({{small|[[Indian Army]]}}), [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Iqbal Khan]] and [[Abdul Hamid Khan (general)|Abdul Hamid Khan]]– all became generals in [[Indian Army|Indian]] and [[Pakistan Army]].<ref name="Command and Staff College"/> He provided his gunnery services to [[HMS Duke of York (17)|''HMS Duke of York'']] at the time of the [[Partition of India|partition]] of [[British Indian Empire|British India]] and decided to [[Pakistani citizenship|opted]] for [[Pakistan]] in [[1947 in Pakistan|1947]].{{rp|190}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy"/> He did not actively participated in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] with [[India]] in 1947, instead he commanded a destroyer from [[Karachi]] to [[Mumbai]] to oversee the evacuation of [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Indian emigrants]] to Pakistan.<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium" /> He was among the first twenty naval officers who joined the [[Royal Pakistan Navy]] (RPN) as a [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]] with a [[service number]] PN. 0006.<ref name="Dr. KGN Kazi archives of 1950s">{{cite web|last1=Kazi|first1=KGN|title=The first few executive officers transferred to the Pakistan Navy on Partition|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/5346639918/|website=Flickr|date=11 January 2011|publisher=Dr. KGN Kazi archives of 1950s|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> He was the third most senior Lieutenant in the navy in terms of seniority list provided by the [[Royal Indian Navy]] to the [[Ministry of Defense (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defense]] (MoD) in 1947.<ref name="Dr. KGN Kazi archives of 1950s" />
After [[World War II]], he studied at the [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]] in 1945 and graduated with a [[staff officer|staff course]] degree in 1946.<ref name="Command and Staff College">{{cite web|last1=Army staff college|title=Gallery Alumni|url=http://armystaffcollege.gov.pk/Gallery_Alumni.php|website=armystaffcollege.gov.pk|publisher=Command and Staff College|accessdate=1 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815081521/http://armystaffcollege.gov.pk/Gallery_Alumni.php|archive-date=15 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> During this time, he was contemporary to [[Gopal Gurunath Bewoor]] ({{small|[[Indian Army]]}}), [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Iqbal Khan]] and [[Abdul Hamid Khan (general)|Abdul Hamid Khan]]– all became generals in [[Indian Army|Indian]] and [[Pakistan Army]].<ref name="Command and Staff College"/> He provided his gunnery services to [[HMS Duke of York (17)|''HMS Duke of York'']] at the time of the [[Partition of India|partition]] of [[British Indian Empire|British India]] and decided to [[Pakistani citizenship|opted]] for [[Pakistan]] in [[1947 in Pakistan|1947]].{{rp|190}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy"/> He did not actively participated in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] with [[India]] in 1947, instead he commanded a destroyer from [[Karachi]] to [[Mumbai]] to oversee the evacuation of [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Indian emigrants]] to Pakistan.<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium" /> He was among the first twenty naval officers who joined the [[Royal Pakistan Navy]] (RPN) as a [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]] with a [[service number]] PN. 0006.<ref name="Dr. KGN Kazi archives of 1950s">{{cite web|last1=Kazi|first1=KGN|title=The first few executive officers transferred to the Pakistan Navy on Partition|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/pimu/5346639918/|website=Flickr|date=11 January 2011|publisher=Dr. KGN Kazi archives of 1950s|accessdate=2 November 2022}}</ref> He was the third most senior Lieutenant in the navy in terms of seniority list provided by the [[Royal Indian Navy]] to the [[Ministry of Defense (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defense]] (MoD) in 1947.<ref name="Dr. KGN Kazi archives of 1950s" />


In 1949, he was promoted as [[Lieutenant-Commander]] and served as [[commanding officer]] of [[PNS Tariq (D129)|PNS Tariq]], the first [[destroyer]], when it was commissioned from the [[Royal Navy]] on 30 September 1949.<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web|last1=Virtuti Militari|title=The First Destroyer|url=http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium|accessdate=1 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060749/http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1950, he was promoted as [[Commander]] and commanded the [[PNS Tippu Sultan (D49)|''Tippu Sultan'']] and sailed on a goodwill mission to [[Middle East]] and [[Eastern Europe]]; he visited [[Jeddah]], [[Malta]], [[Venice]], [[Athens]], [[Istanbul]], [[Izmir]] and [[Crete]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" />
In 1949, he was promoted as [[Lieutenant-Commander]] and served as [[commanding officer]] of [[PNS Tariq (D129)|PNS Tariq]], the first [[destroyer]], when it was commissioned from the [[Royal Navy]] on 30 September 1949.<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web|last1=Virtuti Militari|title=The First Destroyer|url=http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium|accessdate=1 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060749/http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1950, he was promoted as [[Commander]] and commanded the [[PNS Tippu Sultan (D49)|''Tippu Sultan'']] and sailed on a goodwill mission to [[Middle East]] and [[Eastern Europe]]; he visited [[Jeddah]], [[Malta]], [[Venice]], [[Athens]], [[Istanbul]], [[Izmir]] and [[Crete]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" />
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In 1951, he participated in Task Force 91 that was held in [[Trincomalee]] [[Sri Lanka]] with the [[Royal Navy]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> At Trincomalee, they had a rendezvous with a large force (9 ships) of the Royal Navy, the Indian Navy and the Royal Ceylon Navy. It led to 14 days of strenuous exercises in harbour and at sea. The officers and men from these ships also took part in various Inter Services Tournaments.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> His career progressed well in the navy and helped establish the [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence]] (NI) and helped establish the [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" />
In 1951, he participated in Task Force 91 that was held in [[Trincomalee]] [[Sri Lanka]] with the [[Royal Navy]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> At Trincomalee, they had a rendezvous with a large force (9 ships) of the Royal Navy, the Indian Navy and the Royal Ceylon Navy. It led to 14 days of strenuous exercises in harbour and at sea. The officers and men from these ships also took part in various Inter Services Tournaments.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> His career progressed well in the navy and helped establish the [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence]] (NI) and helped establish the [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" />


In 1958–59, the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Naval NHQ]] staff had been in a brief conflict with the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] over the rearmament issues which eventually led the resignation of Vice-Admiral [[Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri|HMS Choudrie]].<ref name="Nadia Ghani, Dawn">{{cite news|last1=Nadia Ghani|title=NON-FICTION: The narcissist|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/546401|accessdate=1 November 2016|work=DAWN.COM|publisher=Nadia Ghani, Dawn|date=11 July 2010}}</ref> Afzal Rahman Khan was never appointed to [[Four-star rank|four-star admiral]] rank but nonetheless was appointed as [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Navy)|Commander in Chief]] of [[Pakistan Navy]] after his nomination papers were approved by then-[[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Iskander Mirza]] in 1959.{{rp|104}}<ref name="Springer, Rizvi">{{cite book|last1=Rizvi|first1=H.|title=Military, State and Society in Pakistan|date=15 May 2000|publisher=Springer, Rizvi|isbn=9780230599048|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwGIDAAAQBAJ&q=Afzal+Rahman+Khan+admiral&pg=PA104|accessdate=1 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>
In 1958–59, the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Naval NHQ]] staff had been in a brief conflict with the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] over the rearmament issues which eventually led the resignation of Vice-Admiral [[Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri|HMS Choudrie]].<ref name="Nadia Ghani, Dawn">{{cite news|last1=Nadia Ghani|title=NON-FICTION: The narcissist|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/546401|accessdate=1 November 2016|work=DAWN.COM|publisher=Nadia Ghani, Dawn|date=11 July 2022}}</ref> Afzal Rahman Khan was never appointed to [[Four-star rank|four-star admiral]] rank but nonetheless was appointed as [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Navy)|Commander in Chief]] of [[Pakistan Navy]] after his nomination papers were approved by then-[[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Iskander Mirza]] in 1959.{{rp|104}}<ref name="Springer, Rizvi">{{cite book|last1=Rizvi|first1=H.|title=Military, State and Society in Pakistan|date=15 May 2000|publisher=Springer, Rizvi|isbn=9780230599048|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwGIDAAAQBAJ&q=Afzal+Rahman+Khan+admiral&pg=PA104|accessdate=1 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>


Prior to his appointment as [[commander in chief]] of navy, his command responsibilities included as his role as [[Pakistan Navy#commands|Commander Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK) and Commander Logistics (COMLOG) commands headquartered in [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]] with being promoted to the [[two-star rank|two-star]] rank of [[Rear-Admiral]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> After promoting as [[Vice-Admiral]], he oversaw the induction of submarines in the navy in 1960s; for this, he is viewed as the "father of submarines force" of Pakistan Navy.<ref name="Business Recorder">{{cite web|last1=Recorder|first1=Business|title=THEY LED THE WAR|url=http://www.brecorder.com/taxation/181:pakistan/1225143:underinvoicing-termed-a-major-issue/|website=Business Recorder|accessdate=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=[[Vice Admiral]] (retired) Ahmed Tasneem |author=Ahmed Tasneem |author2=A.H Amin |title=Recollections about 1965 war |url=http://www.chowk.com/ilogs/65191/47736 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204234436/http://www.chowk.com/ilogs/65191/47736 |archivedate=4 December 2008 }}</ref>
Prior to his appointment as [[commander in chief]] of navy, his command responsibilities included as his role as [[Pakistan Navy#commands|Commander Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK) and Commander Logistics (COMLOG) commands headquartered in [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]] with being promoted to the [[two-star rank|two-star]] rank of [[Rear-Admiral]].<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> After promoting as [[Vice-Admiral]], he oversaw the induction of submarines in the navy in 1960s; for this, he is viewed as the "father of submarines force" of Pakistan Navy.<ref name="Business Recorder">{{cite web|last1=Recorder|first1=Business|title=THEY LED THE WAR|url=http://www.brecorder.com/taxation/181:pakistan/1225143:underinvoicing-termed-a-major-issue/|website=Business Recorder|accessdate=1 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=[[Vice Admiral]] (retired) Ahmed Tasneem |author=Ahmed Tasneem |author2=A.H Amin |title=Recollections about 1965 war |url=http://www.chowk.com/ilogs/65191/47736 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204234436/http://www.chowk.com/ilogs/65191/47736 |archivedate=4 December 2008 }}</ref>


He earned public notability when he acted as a leader during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|war]] with [[India]] in 1965 despite having prior no knowledge on [[Operation Gibraltar|covert operation]] in [[Indian-held Kashmir|Indian Kashmir]].{{rp|24}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Anwar">{{cite book|last1=Anwar|first1=Muhammad|last2=Baig|first2=Ebad|title=Pakistan: Time for Change|date=December 2012|publisher=AuthorHouse, Anwar|isbn=9781477250303|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mb6OOYcrIOYC&q=AR+Khan+1965+war&pg=PA25|accessdate=1 November 2016|language=en}}</ref> He oversaw the planning of and execution of the [[Operation Dwarka|naval operation]] to attack the [[Indian Navy]] which earned him the prestige in the country.{{rp|25}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Anwar"/> After the war, he was publicly honored and was decorated with [[Hilal-i-Jurat]] by President Ayub Khan.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /><ref name="Roli Books Private Limited, Cardozo">{{cite book|last1=Cardozo|first1=Major General Ian|title=The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories|date=December 2006|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited, Cardozo|isbn=9789351940999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvs_CgAAQBAJ&q=AR+Khan+minister+navy&pg=PT28|language=en}}</ref> He is noted for his multiple extension in the navy that made him noted as the longest serving chief of staff of navy.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" />
He earned public notability when he acted as a leader during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|war]] with [[India]] in 1965 despite having prior no knowledge on [[Operation Gibraltar|covert operation]] in [[Indian-held Kashmir|Indian Kashmir]].{{rp|24}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Anwar">{{cite book|last1=Anwar|first1=Muhammad|last2=Baig|first2=Ebad|title=Pakistan: Time for Change|date=December 2012|publisher=AuthorHouse, Anwar|isbn=9781477250303|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mb6OOYcrIOYC&q=AR+Khan+1965+war&pg=PA25|accessdate=1 November 2016|language=en}}</ref> He oversaw the planning of and execution of the [[Operation Dwarka|naval operation]] to attack the [[Indian Navy]] which earned him the prestige in the country.{{rp|25}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Anwar"/> After the war, he was publicly honored and was decorated with [[Hilal-i-Jurat]] by President Ayub Khan.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /><ref name="Roli Books Private Limited, Cardozo">{{cite book|last1=Cardozo|first1=Major General Ian|title=The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories|date=December 2006|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited, Cardozo|isbn=9789351940999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvs_CgAAQBAJ&q=AR+Khan+minister+navy&pg=PT28|language=en}}</ref> He is noted for his multiple extension in the navy that made him noted as the longest serving chief of staff of navy.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" />
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After his resignation, Khan retired from [[Politics of Pakistan|national politics]] and moved to [[Islamabad]] in 1969 where he lived a very quiet and private life.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> He did not comment on [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|war with India]] in 1971 as he diminished his role from the politics in 1970s.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> In 1987, the Pakistan Navy honored him after establishing a [[PNS Makran|naval base]] under his name.<ref name="Pak def">{{cite web|last1=Pak def|title=Their Name Liveth for Ever More|url=http://pakdef.org/their-name-liveth-for-ever-more/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=Pak def|accessdate=1 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911081756/http://pakdef.org/their-name-liveth-for-ever-more/|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[PNS Makran|PNS Akram]] now serves as a forward operating base for the Navy and acts as a depot for all naval personnel stationed west of Ormara.<ref name="Pak def"/>
After his resignation, Khan retired from [[Politics of Pakistan|national politics]] and moved to [[Islamabad]] in 1969 where he lived a very quiet and private life.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> He did not comment on [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|war with India]] in 1971 as he diminished his role from the politics in 1970s.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> In 1987, the Pakistan Navy honored him after establishing a [[PNS Makran|naval base]] under his name.<ref name="Pak def">{{cite web|last1=Pak def|title=Their Name Liveth for Ever More|url=http://pakdef.org/their-name-liveth-for-ever-more/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=Pak def|accessdate=1 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911081756/http://pakdef.org/their-name-liveth-for-ever-more/|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[PNS Makran|PNS Akram]] now serves as a forward operating base for the Navy and acts as a depot for all naval personnel stationed west of Ormara.<ref name="Pak def"/>


He avoided the [[Pakistani media|media]] and lived on a [[Pension in Pakistan|military pension]]; he died at an old age in Islamabad in 2005.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> His death went unnoticed in the media and was quietly buried in Islamabad with close family members attending his funeral.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} According to his grave, he died already in 1983.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/193979356/afzal-rahman-khan#view-photo=177264469|title=Afzal Rahman "Gunnery" Khan (1921-1983) - Find A}}</ref>
He avoided the [[Pakistani media|media]] and lived on a [[Pension in Pakistan|military pension]]; he died at an old age in Islamabad in 2005.<ref name="Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro" /> His death went unnoticed in the media and was quietly buried in Islamabad with close family members attending his funeral.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} According to his grave, he died already in 1983.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/193979356/afzal-rahman-khan#view-photo=177264469|title=Afzal Rahman "Gunnery" Khan (1921-1983) - Find A|website=[[Find a Grave]] }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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