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Economy of Gujarat (edit)

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===Pharmaceutical===
===Pharmaceutical===
Gujarat is ranked number one in the [[pharmaceutical industry in India]], with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
Gujarat is ranked number one in the [[pharmaceutical industry in India]], with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
==State Government revenue and spending==
Article 246<ref name=coi/> of the [[Indian Constitution]], distributes legislative powers including taxation, between the [[Parliament of India]] and the [[Vidhan Sabha|State Legislature]].<ref name=coi>{{cite act| title =[[Constitution of India|THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA]]| type = Act| language =en| date =26 November 1949| article =| article-type =  | page =| url =http://www.legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india}}</ref>
The constitution does not have provision for the central government and the States to have concurrent power of taxation.<ref name="Distribution of">{{Citation|title=Distribution of Powers between Centre, States and Local Governments |url=http://www.hcicolombo.org/PDF/Presentation%20on%20Distribution%20of%20Powers.ppt |access-date=2009-04-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611181342/http://www.hcicolombo.org/PDF/Presentation%20on%20Distribution%20of%20Powers.ppt |archive-date=11 June 2007 }}</ref> The tables below lists the thirteen taxes to be levied by the Central government and  nineteen taxes by States including Gujarat.<ref name="Distribution of" />
=== Central government of India ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! SL. No.
! Taxes as per [[Union List]]
|-
| 82
| '''[[Income tax in India|Income tax]]:''' Taxes on income other than agricultural income.
|-
| 83
| '''Custom Duty''': Duties of [[customs]] including [[export]] duties
|-
| 84
|  '''Excise Duty''': Duties of [[excise]] on the following goods manufactured or produced in India namely (a)[[Petroleum|Petroleum crude]] (b)[[Diesel fuel|high speed diesel]] (c)[[Gasoline|motor spirit]] (commonly known as petrol) (d)[[natural gas]] (e) [[Jet fuel|aviation turbine fuel]] and (f)[[Tobacco]] and tobacco products
|-
| 85
| [[Corporation Tax]]
|-
| 86
| [[Property tax|Taxes on capital value of assets]], exclusive of agricultural land, of individuals and companies, taxes on capital of companies
|-
| 87
| [[Estate duty]] in respect of property other than agricultural land
|-
| 88
| [[Inheritance tax|Duties in respect of succession to property]] other than agricultural land
|-
| 89
| Terminal taxes on goods or passengers, carried by railway, sea or air; taxes on railway fares and freight.
|-
| 90
| Taxes other than stamp duties on transactions in stock exchanges and futures markets
|-
| 92A
| Taxes on sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers, where such sale or purchase takes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce
|-
| 92B
| Taxes on the consignment of goods in the course of inter-State trade or commerce
|-
| 97
| All residuary types of taxes not listed in any of the three lists of Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution
|}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mospi.nic.in/|title=Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation - Government Of India|website=mospi.nic.in|access-date=1 July 2017}}</ref>
=== State governments ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! SL. No.
! '''Taxes as per [[State List]]'''
|-
| 45
| Land revenue, including the assessment and collection of revenue, the maintenance of land records, survey for revenue purposes and records of rights, and alienation of revenues etc.
|-
| 46
| Taxes on agricultural income
|-
| 47
| Duties in respect of succession to agricultural land.
|-
| 48
| Estate Duty in respect of agricultural land
|-
| 49
| Taxes on lands and buildings.
|-
| 50
| Taxes on mineral rights.
|-
| 51
| Duties of excise for following goods manufactured or produced within the State (i) alcoholic liquors for human consumption, and (ii) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and narcotics.
|-
| 53
| '''Electricity Duty''':Taxes on the consumption or sale of [[electricity]]<ref name=dutyact1963>{{cite act| title =THE KERALA ELECTRICITY DUTY ACT, 1963| type = ACT 23 | language =en| date =1963| article =| article-type =  | page =| url=http://ceikerala.gov.in/images/pdf/ActsRules/dutyact1963_a.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 54
| Taxes on sale of petroleum crude, high speed diesel, motor spirit (commonly known as petrol), Natural gas aviation turbine fuel and alcohol liquor for human consumption but not including sale in the course of inter state or commerce or sale in the source of international trade or commerce such goods.
|-
| 56
| Taxes on goods and passengers carried by roads or on inland waterways.
|-
| 57
| [[Road tax|Taxes on vehicles suitable for use on roads]].
|-
| 58
| Taxes on animals and boats.
|-
| 59
| [[Toll road|Tolls]].
|-
| 60
| [[Professional Tax|Taxes on profession, trades, callings and employments]].
|-
| 61
| [[Poll tax|Capitation taxes]].
|-
| 62
| Taxes on entertainment and amusements to be extent levied and collected by a panchayat or Municipality or a regional council or a district council.
|-
| 63
| [[Stamp duty]]
|}
===Goods and Services Tax ===
The tax came into effect from 1 July 2017 through the implementation of the [[One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India]] by the [[Indian government]]. The GST replaced existing multiple taxes levied by the [[Govt of India|central]] and [[States of India|state]] governments.
It an [[indirect tax]] (or [[consumption tax]]) used on the supply of goods and services. It is a comprehensive, multistage, destination-based tax: comprehensive because it has subsumed almost all the indirect taxes except a few state taxes. Multi-staged as it is, the GST is imposed at every step in the production process, but is meant to be refunded to all parties in the various stages of production other than the final consumer and as a destination-based tax, it is collected from point of consumption and not point of origin like previous taxes.


== Energy ==
== Energy ==
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