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'''Traffic collisions in India''' are a major source of deaths, injuries and property damage every year. The [[National Crime Records Bureau]] (NCRB) 2016 report states there were 496,762 roads, railways and railway crossing-related traffic collisions in 2015.<ref name=ncrb2016/> Of these, road collisions accounted for 464,674 collisions which caused 148,707 traffic-related deaths in India.<ref name=ncrb2016>[http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/ADSI/ADSI2015/chapter-1A%20traffic%20accidents.pdf Traffic accidents], NCRB 2016 Report, Chapter 1A: Traffic Accidents, Government of India</ref> The three highest total number of fatalities were reported in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], and together they accounted for about 33% of total Indian traffic fatalities in 2015.<ref name=ncrb2016/> Adjusted for 182.45 million vehicles{{refn|group=note|The 182.45 million in reported by NCRB as the basis. However, other sources such as the MoRTH of Government of India states there were 210,023,289 registered vehicles in India as of March 2015.<ref>[https://community.data.gov.in/registered-motor-vehicles-in-india-as-on-31-03-2015/ Registered Motor Vehicles in India as on 31.03. 2015] Government of India</ref>}} and its 1.31 billion population, India reported a traffic collision rate of about 0.8 per 1000 vehicles in 2015 compared to 0.9 per 1000 vehicles in 2012, and an 11.35 fatality rate per 100,000 people in 2015.<ref name=ncrb2016/> According to Gururaj, the top three highest traffic fatality rates per 100,000 people in 2005 were reported by Tamil Nadu, Goa and Haryana, with a male:female fatality ratio of about 5:1.<ref>G. GURURAJ (2008), Road traffic deaths, injuries and disabilities in India: Current scenario, The National Medical Journal of India, volume 21, no 1, page 116</ref> The reported total fatality, rates per 100,000 people and the regional variation of traffic collisions per 100,000 people varies by source. For example, Rahul Goel in 2018 reports an India-wide average fatality rate of 11.6 per 100,000 people and Goa to be the state with the highest fatality rate.<ref name="Goel 2018 pp. 105–115">{{cite journal | last=Goel | first=Rahul | title=Modelling of road traffic fatalities in India | journal=Accident Analysis & Prevention | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=112 | year=2018 | doi=10.1016/j.aap.2017.12.019 | pmid=29329015 | pmc=5792624 | pages=105–115}}</ref> | '''Traffic collisions in India''' are a major source of deaths, injuries and property damage every year. The [[National Crime Records Bureau]] (NCRB) 2016 report states there were 496,762 roads, railways and railway crossing-related traffic collisions in 2015.<ref name=ncrb2016/> Of these, road collisions accounted for 464,674 collisions which caused 148,707 traffic-related deaths in India.<ref name=ncrb2016>[http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/ADSI/ADSI2015/chapter-1A%20traffic%20accidents.pdf Traffic accidents], NCRB 2016 Report, Chapter 1A: Traffic Accidents, Government of India</ref> The three highest total number of fatalities were reported in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], and together they accounted for about 33% of total Indian traffic fatalities in 2015.<ref name=ncrb2016/> Adjusted for 182.45 million vehicles{{refn|group=note|The 182.45 million in reported by NCRB as the basis. However, other sources such as the MoRTH of Government of India states there were 210,023,289 registered vehicles in India as of March 2015.<ref>[https://community.data.gov.in/registered-motor-vehicles-in-india-as-on-31-03-2015/ Registered Motor Vehicles in India as on 31.03. 2015] Government of India</ref>}} and its 1.31 billion population, India reported a traffic collision rate of about 0.8 per 1000 vehicles in 2015 compared to 0.9 per 1000 vehicles in 2012, and an 11.35 fatality rate per 100,000 people in 2015.<ref name=ncrb2016/> According to Gururaj, the top three highest traffic fatality rates per 100,000 people in 2005 were reported by Tamil Nadu, Goa and Haryana, with a male:female fatality ratio of about 5:1.<ref>G. GURURAJ (2008), Road traffic deaths, injuries and disabilities in India: Current scenario, The National Medical Journal of India, volume 21, no 1, page 116</ref> The reported total fatality, rates per 100,000 people and the regional variation of traffic collisions per 100,000 people varies by source. For example, Rahul Goel in 2018 reports an India-wide average fatality rate of 11.6 per 100,000 people and Goa to be the state with the highest fatality rate.<ref name="Goel 2018 pp. 105–115">{{cite journal | last=Goel | first=Rahul | title=Modelling of road traffic fatalities in India | journal=Accident Analysis & Prevention | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=112 | year=2018 | doi=10.1016/j.aap.2017.12.019 | pmid=29329015 | pmc=5792624 | pages=105–115}}</ref> | ||
According to the 2013 global survey of traffic collisions by the UN [[World Health Organization]], India suffered a road fatality rate of 16.6 per 100,000 people in 2013.<ref name=who2015a>[https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/TableA2.pdf?ua=1 ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS AND PROPORTION OF ROAD USERS BY COUNTRY/AREA], WHO (2015 Report)</ref> India's average traffic collision fatality rate was similar to the world average rate of 17.4 deaths per 100,000 people, less than the low-income countries which averaged 24.1 deaths per 100,000, and higher than the high-income countries which reported the lowest average rate of 9.2 deaths per 100,000 in 2013.<ref name=WHO2015>{{cite book |url=https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/en/ |title=Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 |publisher=World Health Organisation (WHO) |editor=WHO |pages=vii, 1–14, 75ff (countries), 264–271 (table A2), 316–332 (table A10) |format=PDF |type=official report |location=Geneva|year=2015 |quote=Tables A2 & A10, data from 2013 |isbn=978-92-4-156506-6 |access-date=2016-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft Power BI|url=https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMjIzMTY5MmQtNjZmZC00OTAyLTkzOGMtYWEyOWYwZDE1YjU2IiwidCI6IjViN2ExMDIzLTI1ODgtNGU3Yi05MjZlLTgwYzllY2EwNWQ4OCIsImMiOjEwfQ==|access-date=2020-06-28|website=app.powerbi.com}}</ref> | According to the 2013 global survey of traffic collisions by the UN [[World Health Organization]], India suffered a road fatality rate of 16.6 per 100,000 people in 2013.<ref name=who2015a>[https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/TableA2.pdf?ua=1 ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS AND PROPORTION OF ROAD USERS BY COUNTRY/AREA], WHO (2015 Report)</ref> India's average traffic collision fatality rate was similar to the world average rate of 17.4 deaths per 100,000 people, less than the low-income countries which averaged 24.1 deaths per 100,000, and higher than the high-income countries which reported the lowest average rate of 9.2 deaths per 100,000 in 2013.<ref name=WHO2015>{{cite book |url=https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020144338/http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 October 2015 |title=Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 |publisher=World Health Organisation (WHO) |editor=WHO |pages=vii, 1–14, 75ff (countries), 264–271 (table A2), 316–332 (table A10) |format=PDF |type=official report |location=Geneva|year=2015 |quote=Tables A2 & A10, data from 2013 |isbn=978-92-4-156506-6 |access-date=2016-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft Power BI|url=https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMjIzMTY5MmQtNjZmZC00OTAyLTkzOGMtYWEyOWYwZDE1YjU2IiwidCI6IjViN2ExMDIzLTI1ODgtNGU3Yi05MjZlLTgwYzllY2EwNWQ4OCIsImMiOjEwfQ==|access-date=2020-06-28|website=app.powerbi.com}}</ref> | ||
== Statistics <ref>{{Cite web|title=Road accident, death and injury to accident in India|url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/RA_Uploading.pdf}}</ref> == | == Statistics <ref>{{Cite web|title=Road accident, death and injury to accident in India|url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/RA_Uploading.pdf}}</ref> == | ||
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[[Image:Multiple Car Accident - Rabindra Sadan Area - Kolkata 2012-06-13 01320.jpg|thumb|Multiple vehicle collision occurred on a busy road crossing at office time in Kolkata.]] | [[Image:Multiple Car Accident - Rabindra Sadan Area - Kolkata 2012-06-13 01320.jpg|thumb|Multiple vehicle collision occurred on a busy road crossing at office time in [[Kolkata]].]] | ||
[[Tamil Nadu]] records the highest road collisions for a decade and its capital [[Chennai]] has more collisions than any other city in India. The city has had the dubious distinction of having one of the highest rates of death from road accidents globally from as far back as the 1960s at a time when the number of vehicles in the city was a minuscule fraction of that in larger metropolises of the world such as New York and Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/from-the-archives-september-18-1969-safety-on-roadsfrom-an-editorial/article29441411.ece|title=From the Archives (September 18, 1969): Safety on roads(From an Editorial)|date=2019-09-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In New Delhi, the capital of India, the frequency of traffic collisions is 40 times higher than the rate in London, the capital of the United Kingdom.<ref name="Trehan">{{cite book|author1=TR Jain |author2=Mukesh Trehan |author3=Ranju Trehan |title=Indian Economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nfUT0SwiqOIC&pg=PA457|access-date=3 May 2012|publisher=FK Publications|isbn=978-81-87140-37-5|page=457}}</ref> | [[Tamil Nadu]] records the highest road collisions for a decade and its capital [[Chennai]] has more collisions than any other city in India. The city has had the dubious distinction of having one of the highest rates of death from road accidents globally from as far back as the 1960s at a time when the number of vehicles in the city was a minuscule fraction of that in larger metropolises of the world such as New York and Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/from-the-archives-september-18-1969-safety-on-roadsfrom-an-editorial/article29441411.ece|title=From the Archives (September 18, 1969): Safety on roads(From an Editorial)|date=2019-09-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In New Delhi, the capital of India, the frequency of traffic collisions is 40 times higher than the rate in London, the capital of the United Kingdom.<ref name="Trehan">{{cite book|author1=TR Jain |author2=Mukesh Trehan |author3=Ranju Trehan |title=Indian Economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nfUT0SwiqOIC&pg=PA457|access-date=3 May 2012|publisher=FK Publications|isbn=978-81-87140-37-5|page=457}}</ref> | ||
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== Economic cost == | == Economic cost == | ||
The [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] in its 2001–2003 research estimated that traffic collision resulted in an annual monetary loss of $10 billion ([[Indian rupee|INR]] 550 billion) during the years 1999–2000. In 2012, the | The [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] in its 2001–2003 research estimated that traffic collision resulted in an annual monetary loss of $10 billion ([[Indian rupee|INR]] 550 billion) during the years 1999–2000. In 2012, the International Road Federation (IRF) estimated that traffic collision results in an annual monetary loss of $20 billion ([[Indian rupee|INR]] 1 trillion ([[Long and short scales|short scale]])) in India. This figure includes expenses associated with the collision victim, [[property damage]] and administration expenses.<ref name="Road accidents cost">{{cite news | title = Road accidents cost India $20 bn every year | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-19/india/31076588_1_road-accidents-national-road-safety-traffic-management-board-bill | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120221094726/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-19/india/31076588_1_road-accidents-national-road-safety-traffic-management-board-bill | url-status = dead | archive-date = 21 February 2012 | newspaper = [[The Times of India]] | date = 19 February 2012 | access-date = 3 May 2012}}</ref> | ||
== Contributing factors == | == Contributing factors == | ||