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| caption = | | caption = An Assamese Jaapi | ||
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[[File:Jaapi.jpg|thumb|Sarudaya jaapi]] | [[File:Jaapi.jpg|thumb|Sarudaya jaapi]] | ||
'''Jaapi''' or '''Japi''' ([[Bodo culture|Bodo]]: Khofri) is a traditional conical hat from [[Assam]], [[India]] similar to other [[Asian conical hat]]s is made from tightly woven [[bamboo]] and/or cane and ''tokou paat'' ([[Trachycarpus martianus]]) a large, [[Palm (plant)|palm]] leaf. The word ''jaapi'' derives from ''jaap'' meaning a bundle of ''taku'' leaves. In the past, plain jaapi were used by ordinary people in Assam and by farmers for protection from the sun, while ornate jaapi were worn as a status symbol by royalty and nobility. Decorative ''sorudoi jaapi'' are made with intricate cloth designs (primarily red, white, green, blue, and black) that are integrated into the weaving. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Rice 02.jpg|thumb|[[Rice]] farmer in northern [[Cambodia]] wearing a {{lang|km-Latn|do'un}} similar to Jaapi]] | |||
[[File:Varun Japi.jpg|thumb|This is the upper metal part of an ancient Varun (Tupi) Japi known as ''Sula'' used during the rule of Chutia kings kept in the Gharmora Satra.]] | |||
The medieval [[Chutia people|Chutia]] kings (a sub-group of [[Bodo-Kachari people|Bodo-Kacharis]]) used the Jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Chutia king Nitipal gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis to the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523.{{sfn|Khanikar|1991|p=100}}<ref>[http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf "Then the Chutiâ king desired to send silver and gold lipped Jâpi(''Kup-ngiun-kham''),gold bracelets(''Mao-kham''), gold basket(''Liu-kham''), gold ring (''Khup-kham''), gold bookstand (''Khu-tin-kham''), gold pirâ(''Kham-ku''), horse(''Ma''), elephant(''Chang-pai''), and two Âroans(''Phra-nun'') and Xorais(''Phun'') to the Ahom king."]</ref> After annexing [[Sadiya]] in 1524, the Ahom king received a lot of treasure and bounty, which included Jaapis.{{sfn|Mahanta|1994|p=10}} In the year 1525, the Ahom king gifted some of the silver Jaapis obtained from the Chutia king and other items, to negotiate peace with the [[Mongkawng]] chief Phukloimung, a [[Shan people|Shan]] state in present [[Upper Myanmar]] (called Nora in [[Buranji]]s) who had attacked Sadiya.{{sfn|Bhuyan|1960|p=62}} During the Ahom rule, ''Jaapi-hajiya Khel'' (guild for making Jaapis) was monopolised by Chutias, which indicate that they were experts in weaving Jaapis.<ref>"The Chutiyas were engaged in all kind of technical jobs of the Ahom kingdom. For example, the Khanikar Khel (guild of engineers) was always manneed by the Chutiyas. The Jaapi-Hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was also monopolished by them."{{harvcol|Dutta|1985|p=30}}</ref> Apart from this, the [[Baro-Bhuyan]]s of Central Assam are also said to have used Jaapis. As per the ''Satsari Buranji'', the Ahom kings adopted the ''Tongali'', ''Hasoti'' and ''Tokou-patia Japi'' from the Baro-Bhuyans.{{sfn|Bhuyan|1960|p=135}} | |||
The medieval [[Chutia people|Chutia]] kings (a sub-group of Bodo-Kacharis) used the Jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Chutia king Nitipal gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis to the Ahom king Suhungmung as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523 | |||
==Cultural symbol== | ==Cultural symbol== | ||
Today the jaapi is a symbol of Assam. It is worn in a style of [[Bihu dance]], used as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house, especially in the walls as a welcome sign. | Today the jaapi is a symbol of Assam. It is worn in a style of [[Bihu dance]], used as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house, especially in the walls as a welcome sign.{{sfn|Handoo|2003|p=46}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Assam_General_Knowledge/reuQbFK9Rz4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jAPI+WORN+Bihu+dance,&pg=PA98&printsec=frontcover|title=Assam General Knowledge|publisher=Bright Publications|isbn=9788171994519|pages=98}}</ref> | ||
Originally Japi was an agricultural headgear by farmers to protect themselves from rain or sun's heat. The [[Bodo-Kachari peoples|Bodo-Kacharis]] having agricultural as the main profession often used them in the rice fields. Similar headgears are also seen to be used all throughout [[East Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=অসম অভিধান|last=শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা|publisher=বনলতা|year=2001|pages=১৪৪–১৪৬}}</ref> [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]] added Japi dance to Assamese culture through Jaymati movie from [[Boro people|Bodo]] community's Khofri Sibnai Mwsanai. | Originally Japi was an agricultural headgear by farmers to protect themselves from rain or sun's heat. The [[Bodo-Kachari peoples|Bodo-Kacharis]] having agricultural as the main profession often used them in the rice fields. Similar headgears are also seen to be used all throughout [[East Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=অসম অভিধান|last=শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা|publisher=বনলতা|year=2001|pages=১৪৪–১৪৬}}</ref> [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]] added Japi dance to Assamese culture through Jaymati movie from [[Boro people|Bodo]] community's Khofri Sibnai Mwsanai. | ||
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* Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats. | * Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats. | ||
{{div col end}} | {{div col end}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* {{Citation |last=Dutta |first=Sristidhar |title=The Mataks and their Kingdom |publisher=Chugh Publications |place=Allahabad |year=1985}} | * {{Citation |last=Dutta |first=Sristidhar |title=The Mataks and their Kingdom |publisher=Chugh Publications |place=Allahabad |year=1985}} | ||
* {{citation|last=Khanikar|first=S|title=Chutia Jaatir Itihax aru Luko-Sanskriti|year=1991}} | |||
* {{citation|last=Bhuyan|first=Surjya K.|title=Satsari Buranji|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452953/page/n86/mode/1up|year=1960}} | |||
* {{citation|last=Handoo|first=Jawaharlal|title=Folklore in the Changing Times|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folklore_in_the_Changing_Times/i8VuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&dq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&printsec=frontcover|publisher=Indhira Gandhhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya|year=2003|location=Original from Indiana University}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||