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{{Short description|Indian politician (1907–1994)}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}} | {{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}} | ||
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{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
|name = Sardar Swaran Singh | |name = Sardar Swaran Singh | ||
|image = | |image = Sardar Swaran Singh.jpg | ||
|image_size = | |image_size = | ||
|alt = | |alt = | ||
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| term_start = 10 October 1974 | | term_start = 10 October 1974 | ||
| term_end = 1 December 1975 | | term_end = 1 December 1975 | ||
| primeminister = [[Indira Gandhi]] | |||
| predecessor = [[Jagjivan Ram]] | | predecessor = [[Jagjivan Ram]] | ||
| successor = [[Indira Gandhi]] | | successor = [[Indira Gandhi]] | ||
| term_start2 = 13 November 1966 | | term_start2 = 13 November 1966 | ||
| term_end2 = 27 June 1970 | | term_end2 = 27 June 1970 | ||
| primeminister2 = [[Indira Gandhi]] | |||
| predecessor2 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]] | | predecessor2 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]] | ||
| successor2 = [[Jagjivan Ram]] | | successor2 = [[Jagjivan Ram]] | ||
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| term_start3 = 27 June 1970 | | term_start3 = 27 June 1970 | ||
| term_end3 = 10 October 1974 | | term_end3 = 10 October 1974 | ||
| primeminister3 = [[Indira Gandhi]] | |||
| successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]] | | successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]] | ||
| predecessor3 = [[Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Dinesh Singh]] | | predecessor3 = [[Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Dinesh Singh]] | ||
| term_start4 = 18 July 1964 | | term_start4 = 18 July 1964 | ||
| term_end4 = 14 November 1966 | | term_end4 = 14 November 1966 | ||
| primeminister4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] <br/> [[Indira Gandhi]] | |||
| successor4 = [[M. C. Chagla]] | | successor4 = [[M. C. Chagla]] | ||
| predecessor4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] {{small|Acting}} | | predecessor4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] {{small|Acting}} | ||
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| predecessor5 = [[S. K. Patil]] | | predecessor5 = [[S. K. Patil]] | ||
| successor5 = [[Chidambaram Subramaniam]] | | successor5 = [[Chidambaram Subramaniam]] | ||
| primeminister5 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] | |||
| term_start5 = 1 September 1963 | | term_start5 = 1 September 1963 | ||
| term_end5 = 9 June 1964 | | term_end5 = 9 June 1964 | ||
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| term_start6 = 10 April 1962 | | term_start6 = 10 April 1962 | ||
| term_end6 = 21 September 1963 | | term_end6 = 21 September 1963 | ||
| primeminister6 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] | |||
| predecessor6 = [[Jagjivan Ram]] | | predecessor6 = [[Jagjivan Ram]] | ||
| successor6 = [[H. C. Dasappa]] | | successor6 = [[H. C. Dasappa]] | ||
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|spouse = Charan Kaur | |spouse = Charan Kaur | ||
|children = Param Panag, Sat Boparai, Iqbal Sidhu, Jasvinder Kaur | |children = Param Panag, Sat Boparai, Iqbal Sidhu, Jasvinder Kaur | ||
|parents = Sardar | |parents = Sardar [[Partap Singh Shankar]] | ||
|website = | |website = | ||
|footnotes = | |footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Sardar Swaran Singh''' (19 August 1907 – 30 October 1994) was an Indian [[politician]]. He was India's longest-serving union cabinet minister.{{ | '''Sardar Swaran Singh''' (19 August 1907 – 30 October 1994) was an Indian [[politician]]. He was India's longest-serving union cabinet minister.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prsindia.org/articles-by-prs-team/from-vowing-support-to-diplomatic-offensive-how-parliament-kept-pressure-on-indira-govt-to-liberate-east-bengal|title=Articles by PRS Team}}</ref> | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
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He was a member of the Punjab Partition Committee where he played an important role.{{Citation needed|date= January 2018}} | He was a member of the Punjab Partition Committee where he played an important role.{{Citation needed|date= January 2018}} | ||
On 15 August 1947, the day of [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]] he was sworn in as Home Minister in the cabinet of the state of Punjab. At the same time the capital of the Punjab was shifted from [[Shimla]] to [[ | On 15 August 1947, the day of [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]] he was sworn in as Home Minister in the cabinet of the state of Punjab. At the same time the capital of the Punjab was shifted from [[Shimla]] to [[Jalandhar]].{{Citation needed|date= January 2018}} | ||
On 13 May 1952 he resigned his position here when Jawaharlal Nehru included him in the central cabinet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pu.edu.pk/psc/journal/PDF-FILES/Artical%20-%202.pdf|title=Pakistan Study Centre|website=Pu.edu.pk|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v11p2/d1007|title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Africa and South Asia, Volume XI, Part 2 - Office of the Historian|website=History.state.gov|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> | On 13 May 1952 he resigned his position here when Jawaharlal Nehru included him in the central cabinet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pu.edu.pk/psc/journal/PDF-FILES/Artical%20-%202.pdf|title=Pakistan Study Centre|website=Pu.edu.pk|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v11p2/d1007|title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Africa and South Asia, Volume XI, Part 2 - Office of the Historian|website=History.state.gov|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> | ||
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| Steel Mines and Fuel || 1957–1962 | | Steel Mines and Fuel || 1957–1962 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Agriculture || | | Agriculture ||1963-1964 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Railways || 1962–1963 | | Railways || 1962–1963 | ||
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He led the Indian delegation to the UN general assembly in 1971 to explain India's position in the ongoing war with [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y15JJJJBvZc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/y15JJJJBvZc |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=SYND 11-12-71 INTERVIEW WITH INDIAN FOREIGN MINISTER SWARAN SINGH IN LONDON|date=23 July 2015|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LogNXoCQ700 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/LogNXoCQ700 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=INDIA WALKOUT - SOUND|date=21 July 2015|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | He led the Indian delegation to the UN general assembly in 1971 to explain India's position in the ongoing war with [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y15JJJJBvZc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/y15JJJJBvZc |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=SYND 11-12-71 INTERVIEW WITH INDIAN FOREIGN MINISTER SWARAN SINGH IN LONDON|date=23 July 2015|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LogNXoCQ700 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/LogNXoCQ700 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=INDIA WALKOUT - SOUND|date=21 July 2015|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | ||
[[George H. W. Bush]], who at the time was the US Ambassador to the UN and led the US delegation at the UN security council demanded an unconditional cease fire by India to which Swaran Singh responded, "this one sided and partisan attitude of the distinguished representative of the United States has shocked and surprised us. The US is entitled to its own opinions and interpretations, so are we. But facts are facts and must be stated. Right from the beginning of this unfortunate situation that has arisen in the subcontinent, India had been asking for a political settlement acceptable to elected and acknowledged representatives of the people of Bangladesh."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_OeO_VOGZI|title=YouTube|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links}}</ref> | [[George H. W. Bush]], who at the time was the US Ambassador to the UN and led the US delegation at the UN security council demanded an unconditional cease fire by India to which Swaran Singh responded, "this one sided and partisan attitude of the distinguished representative of the United States has shocked and surprised us. The US is entitled to its own opinions and interpretations, so are we. But facts are facts and must be stated. Right from the beginning of this unfortunate situation that has arisen in the subcontinent, India had been asking for a political settlement acceptable to elected and acknowledged representatives of the people of Bangladesh."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_OeO_VOGZI|title=YouTube|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref> | ||
On 16 December 1971, East Pakistan troops there surrendered to joint forces of Bangladesh and India, who had seized the capital city of Dacca (now Dhaka).<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/01/obituaries/swaran-singh-87-spokesman-for-india-during-war-in-1971.html|title=Swaran Singh, 87, Spokesman For India During War in 1971|first=Eric|last=Pace|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> | On 16 December 1971, East Pakistan troops there surrendered to joint forces of Bangladesh and India, who had seized the capital city of Dacca (now Dhaka).<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/01/obituaries/swaran-singh-87-spokesman-for-india-during-war-in-1971.html|title=Swaran Singh, 87, Spokesman For India During War in 1971|first=Eric|last=Pace|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> | ||
=== Swaran Singh Committee === | === Swaran Singh Committee === | ||
[[File:Trip of Indira Gandi to Iran.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mohammad Amir Khatami]]و his wife and [[Asadollah Alam]], [[Indira Gandhi]] and Sardar Swaran Singh during his trip to Iran]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite | [[File:Trip of Indira Gandi to Iran.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mohammad Amir Khatami]]و his wife and [[Asadollah Alam]], [[Indira Gandhi]] and Sardar Swaran Singh during his trip to Iran]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|date=April 9, 2015 |title=Swaran Singh committee recommends new chapter on fundamental duties in the Constitution|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19760715-swaran-singh-committee-recommends-new-chapter-on-fundamental-duties-in-the-constitution-819235-2015-04-09|access-date=2021-06-19|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> | ||
Sardar Swaran Singh was chairperson of the committee entrusted with the responsibility of studying the [[Constitution of India]] in 1976 during the national emergency.<ref name=":0" /> Soon after the declaration of the national emergency, [[Indira Gandhi]] constituted a committee under the Chairmanship of Sardar Swaran Singh to study the question of amending the constitution in the light of past experiences. Based on its recommendations, the government incorporated several changes to the Constitution including the Preamble, through the [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India]] (passed in 1976 and came into effect on 3 January 1977)<ref name=":0" /> | Sardar Swaran Singh was chairperson of the committee entrusted with the responsibility of studying the [[Constitution of India]] in 1976 during the national emergency.<ref name=":0" /> Soon after the declaration of the national emergency, [[Indira Gandhi]] constituted a committee under the Chairmanship of Sardar Swaran Singh to study the question of amending the constitution in the light of past experiences. Based on its recommendations, the government incorporated several changes to the Constitution including the Preamble, through the [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India]] (passed in 1976 and came into effect on 3 January 1977)<ref name=":0" /> | ||