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{{For|the 2020 China India skirmishes|2020 China–India skirmishes}} | {{For|the 2020 China India skirmishes|2020 China–India skirmishes}} | ||
{{pp-30-500|small=yes}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} | ||
{{More citations needed|date=August 2017}} | {{More citations needed|date=August 2017}} | ||
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| partof = | | partof = | ||
| image = Chinese photograph of Indian troops at Doklam standoff.png | | image = Chinese photograph of Indian troops at Doklam standoff.png | ||
| caption = Photograph of Indian soldiers on Doklam Plateau taken by Chinese soldiers – | | caption = Photograph of Indian soldiers on Doklam Plateau taken by Chinese soldiers – annotations by the Chinese Foreign Ministry showing Chinese claims | ||
| date = 16 June 2017 – 28 August 2017<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=2017|month1=06|day1=16|year2=2017|month2=08|day2=28}}) | | date = 16 June 2017 – 28 August 2017<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=2017|month1=06|day1=16|year2=2017|month2=08|day2=28}}) | ||
| place = [[Doklam]] | | place = [[Doklam]] | ||
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The '''2017 | The '''2017 China–India border standoff''' or '''Doklam standoff''' was a military border standoff between the [[Indian Armed Forces]] and the [[People's Liberation Army]] of China over Chinese construction of a road in [[Doklam]], near a trijunction border area known as Donglang, or Donglang Caochang (meaning Donglang pasture or grazing field), in Chinese. On 16 June 2017 Chinese troops with construction vehicles and road-building equipment began extending an existing road southward in Doklam, a territory that is claimed by both China and [[Bhutan–India relations|India's ally]] Bhutan.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.bt/press-releases/press-release-272.html |title=Press Release – Ministry of Foreign Affairs |website=mfa.gov.bt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630023420/http://www.mfa.gov.bt/press-releases/press-release-272.html |archive-date=30 June 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfn|China Foreign Ministry|2017|p=6}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/26/world/asia/dolam-plateau-china-india-bhutan.html |title=How India and China Have Come to the Brink Over a Remote Mountain Pass |last1=Barry |first1=Steven Lee Myers, Ellen |date=26 July 2017 |work=The New York Times |last2=Fisher |first2=Max |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827150313/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/26/world/asia/dolam-plateau-china-india-bhutan.html |archive-date=27 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-india-idUSKBN19O109 |title=China says India violates 1890 agreement in border stand-off |date=3 July 2017 |work=Reuters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815072409/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-india-idUSKBN19O109 |archive-date=15 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/06/china-india-bhutan-standoff-disputed-territory |title=Chinese and Indian troops face off in Bhutan border dispute |first=Michael |last=Safi |date=5 July 2017 |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810170337/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/06/china-india-bhutan-standoff-disputed-territory |archive-date=10 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-china-india-doklam-standoff-20170724-story.html |title=Doklam standoff: China sends a warning to India over border dispute |work=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press |date=24 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725110027/http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-china-india-doklam-standoff-20170724-story.html |archive-date=25 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 18 June 2017, as part of '''Operation Juniper''',<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://theprint.in/defence/operation-juniper-indian-armys-human-wall-china-doklam/307332/ |title=Operation Juniper — inside story of how Indian Army pushed China back from Doklam |date=17 October 2019 |work=The Print |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018125032/https://theprint.in/defence/operation-juniper-indian-armys-human-wall-china-doklam/307332/ |archive-date=18 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> about 270 armed Indian troops with two bulldozers crossed the Sikkim border into Doklam to stop the Chinese troops from constructing the road.<ref name=":1" />{{sfn |China Foreign Ministry |2017 |p=1}}<ref name=":8">{{cite web |url=http://accesswdun.com/article/2017/8/566782 |title=China warns Indian troops to get out of contested region |date=August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810132801/http://accesswdun.com/article/2017/8/566782 |archive-date=10 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 August, both India and China announced that they had withdrawn all their troops from the face-off site in Doklam. | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
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China asserts that by this convention, the starting point of the [[Sikkim]]-Tibet border is "Mount Gipmochi on the Bhutan frontier" and that this clearly defines the tri-junction point.{{sfn |China Foreign Ministry |2017 |p=5}}<ref name=":32">{{Citation |last=CGTN |title='The Border': A debate between China & India |date=14 August 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSr0w6hD2Bg}}</ref> As per Chinese claims, Doklam is located in the [[Xigaze]] area of [[Tibet]], bordering the state of [[Sikkim]].<ref>{{cite web |title=关系：洞郎地区 (3964647)S |url=http://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3964647 |website=OpenStreetMap |access-date=7 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718210936/http://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3964647 |archive-date=18 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> However Bhutan was not a party to the convention. | China asserts that by this convention, the starting point of the [[Sikkim]]-Tibet border is "Mount Gipmochi on the Bhutan frontier" and that this clearly defines the tri-junction point.{{sfn |China Foreign Ministry |2017 |p=5}}<ref name=":32">{{Citation |last=CGTN |title='The Border': A debate between China & India |date=14 August 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSr0w6hD2Bg}}</ref> As per Chinese claims, Doklam is located in the [[Xigaze]] area of [[Tibet]], bordering the state of [[Sikkim]].<ref>{{cite web |title=关系：洞郎地区 (3964647)S |url=http://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3964647 |website=OpenStreetMap |access-date=7 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718210936/http://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3964647 |archive-date=18 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> However Bhutan was not a party to the convention. | ||
In 1949, Bhutan signed a [[Bhutan–India relations#1949 Treaty|treaty with India]] giving allowance to India to guide its diplomatic and defense affairs.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amid-india-china-standoff-army-chief-in-sikkim-today-10-facts-1718311 |title=At Heart of India-China Standoff, A Road Being Built: 10 Points |last=Som |first=Vishnu |date=29 June 2017 |publisher=NDTV |url-status=live |editor-last=Shukla |editor-first=Shuchi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629084547/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amid-india-china-standoff-army-chief-in-sikkim-today-10-facts-1718311 |archive-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>{{failed verification |date=August 2017}} In 2007, the treaty was superseded by a [[Bhutan–India relations#2007 treaty|new Friendship Treaty]] that replaced the provision that made it mandatory for Bhutan to take India's guidance on foreign policy, provided broader sovereignty but also stated in its Article 2:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mea.gov.in/Images/pdf/india-bhutan-treaty-07.pdf |title=INDIA-BHUTAN FRIENDSHIP TREATY | In 1949, Bhutan signed a [[Bhutan–India relations#1949 Treaty|treaty with India]] giving allowance to India to guide its diplomatic and defense affairs.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amid-india-china-standoff-army-chief-in-sikkim-today-10-facts-1718311 |title=At Heart of India-China Standoff, A Road Being Built: 10 Points |last=Som |first=Vishnu |date=29 June 2017 |publisher=NDTV |url-status=live |editor-last=Shukla |editor-first=Shuchi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629084547/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amid-india-china-standoff-army-chief-in-sikkim-today-10-facts-1718311 |archive-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>{{failed verification |date=August 2017}} In 2007, the treaty was superseded by a [[Bhutan–India relations#2007 treaty|new Friendship Treaty]] that replaced the provision that made it mandatory for Bhutan to take India's guidance on foreign policy, provided broader sovereignty but also stated in its Article 2:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mea.gov.in/Images/pdf/india-bhutan-treaty-07.pdf |title=INDIA-BHUTAN FRIENDSHIP TREATY |date=2 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509040714/http://mea.gov.in/Images/pdf/india-bhutan-treaty-07.pdf |archive-date=9 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
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China Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang replied to India media's question about disputed tri-junction with the following comment:<ref name="fmprc1"/><blockquote> | China Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang replied to India media's question about disputed tri-junction with the following comment:<ref name="fmprc1"/><blockquote> | ||
The so-called tri-junction, as the name suggests, is a point. It is not a line, much less an area. India misinterprets tri-junction point as an area, from ulterior motives. This time, the trespassing point of Indian army, is on the Sikkim-China border, which is 2000 metres away from the tri-junction point, Mount Gipmochi, by the 1890 Treaty. | The so-called tri-junction, as the name suggests, is a point. It is not a line, much less an area. India misinterprets tri-junction point as an area, from ulterior motives. This time, the trespassing point of Indian army, is on the Sikkim-China border, which is 2000 metres away from the tri-junction point, Mount Gipmochi, by the 1890 Treaty. | ||
</blockquote>On 5 July 2017, the Chinese government said that it had for the past 24 months a basic consensus with Bhutan that Doklam belongs to China, and there was no dispute between the two countries.<ref>{{cite | </blockquote>On 5 July 2017, the Chinese government said that it had for the past 24 months a basic consensus with Bhutan that Doklam belongs to China, and there was no dispute between the two countries.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/no-dispute-with-bhutan-in-doklam-china/articleshow/59456533.cms |title=No dispute with Bhutan in Doklam: China |last=PTI |date=5 July 2017 |newspaper=The Economic Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729030244/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/no-dispute-with-bhutan-in-doklam-china/articleshow/59456533.cms |archive-date=29 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
On 19 July 2017, China renewed its call for India to withdraw its troops from Doklam.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1131641/world |title=China holds live-fire drills in disputed Himalayan territory, tells India to withdraw |date=19 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719153717/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1131641/world |archive-date=19 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> | On 19 July 2017, China renewed its call for India to withdraw its troops from Doklam.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1131641/world |title=China holds live-fire drills in disputed Himalayan territory, tells India to withdraw |date=19 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719153717/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1131641/world |archive-date=19 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
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* [[China–India relations]] | * [[China–India relations]] | ||
* [[Bhutan–China relations]] | * [[Bhutan–China relations]] | ||
* [[Nathu La and Cho La clashes]] | * [[Nathu La and Cho La clashes]] | ||
* [[Siliguri Corridor]] | * [[Siliguri Corridor]] | ||
* [[Sino-Indian War]] | |||
* [[Tetulia Corridor]] | * [[Tetulia Corridor]] | ||