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{{Short description|Explosive charge to clear obstacles}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}} | ||
{{refimprove|date=October 2007}} | {{refimprove|date=October 2007}} | ||
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== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
[[File:Madras Sappers com Torpedo de bangalore em 1916 - 2.jpg|thumb|[[Madras Engineer Group|Madras Sappers and Miners]] with | [[File:Madras Sappers com Torpedo de bangalore em 1916 - 2.jpg|thumb|[[Madras Engineer Group|Madras Sappers and Miners]] with Bangalore torpedoes, 1916.]] | ||
The Bangalore torpedo was | The Bangalore torpedo was devised by Captain R. L. McClintock,<ref>Note; later Lieutenant-Colonel R. L. McClintock, Dunmore, Carrigans. [[Order of St Michael and St George|C.M.G]]., [[Distinguished Service Order|D.S.O.]], R.E.</ref> of the [[Royal Engineers]] while attached to the [[Madras Engineer Group|Madras Sappers and Miners]] unit of the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] at [[Bangalore]], India, in 1912. He invented it as a means of blowing up [[booby trap]]s and barricades left over from the [[Second Boer War]] and the [[Russo-Japanese War]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Duffy|first=Michael|title=Bangalore Torpedo|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/atoz/bangaloretorpedo.htm|work=www.firstworldwar.com|access-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> The Bangalore torpedo could be exploded over a [[land mine|mine]] without a [[sapper]] having to approach closer than about {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}. | ||
Bangalore torpedoes were manufactured until 2017 by Mondial Defence Systems of [[Poole]], UK,<ref>[http://www.mondial-defence.com/2011/Products/Bangalore_8_Tube.html "Bangalore Torpedo – 8x1m Tube Set"]. [http://www.mondial-defence.com Mondial Defence Systems], Poole, UK. Retrieved 2013-05-11.</ref> for the UK and US armed forces. An improved version called the Advanced Performance Bangalore Torpedo (APBT) was developed by Chemring Energetics UK, part of the [[Chemring Group]], in response to a British Ministry of Defence requirement issued in 2008; the APBT was chosen by the MOD following competitive performance trials and is also in use with the militaries of Australia, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web |author = Chemring Energetics UK |title = CEUK Demolition Stores Capability Brochure |year= 2018 |url= https://www.chemring.co.uk/~/media/Files/C/Chemring-V3/publications/CEUK%20Brochures/CEUK_Capabilities_A5_24pp_Iss2%20Feb%202018.pdf#page=11 |access-date= 20 January 2020|author-link = Chemring Group }}</ref> They have been used during the [[Afghanistan War (2001-present)|Afghanistan War]] for actions such as clearing mines or [[razor wire]].<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/33971978/ns/us_news-military/t/troops-hone-artillery-skills-cut-afghan-deaths/ Troops hone artillery skills to cut Afghan deaths]</ref> | Bangalore torpedoes were manufactured until 2017 by Mondial Defence Systems of [[Poole]], UK,<ref>[http://www.mondial-defence.com/2011/Products/Bangalore_8_Tube.html "Bangalore Torpedo – 8x1m Tube Set"]. [http://www.mondial-defence.com Mondial Defence Systems], Poole, UK. Retrieved 2013-05-11.</ref> for the UK and US armed forces. An improved version called the Advanced Performance Bangalore Torpedo (APBT) was developed by Chemring Energetics UK, part of the [[Chemring Group]], in response to a British Ministry of Defence requirement issued in 2008; the APBT was chosen by the MOD following competitive performance trials and is also in use with the militaries of Australia, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web |author = Chemring Energetics UK |title = CEUK Demolition Stores Capability Brochure |year= 2018 |url= https://www.chemring.co.uk/~/media/Files/C/Chemring-V3/publications/CEUK%20Brochures/CEUK_Capabilities_A5_24pp_Iss2%20Feb%202018.pdf#page=11 |access-date= 20 January 2020|author-link = Chemring Group }}</ref> They have been used during the [[Afghanistan War (2001-present)|Afghanistan War]] for actions such as clearing mines or [[razor wire]].<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/33971978/ns/us_news-military/t/troops-hone-artillery-skills-cut-afghan-deaths/ Troops hone artillery skills to cut Afghan deaths]</ref> | ||
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[[File:Defense.gov photo essay 110223-A-3108M-001.jpg|right|thumb|[[82nd Airborne]] combat engineers, [[Fort Bragg]], 2011]] | [[File:Defense.gov photo essay 110223-A-3108M-001.jpg|right|thumb|[[82nd Airborne]] combat engineers, [[Fort Bragg]], 2011]] | ||
[[File:B Company 2 Battalion the Parachute Regiment MOD 45167475.jpg|right|thumb|[[23 Engineer Regiment (Air Assault) (United Kingdom)|23 Engineer Regiment]] soldier preparing L26A1 Bangalore Torpedo Demolition Charge]] | [[File:B Company 2 Battalion the Parachute Regiment MOD 45167475.jpg|right|thumb|[[23 Engineer Regiment (Air Assault) (United Kingdom)|23 Engineer Regiment]] soldier preparing L26A1 Bangalore Torpedo Demolition Charge]] | ||
The U.S. Army and the [[People's Army of Vietnam]] used the Bangalore torpedo during the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>[https://www.usace.army.mil/About/History/Historical-Vignettes/Military-Construction-Combat/062-Viet-Cong-Tunnels/ Historical Vignette 062 - How Army Engineers Cleared Viet Cong Tunnels]</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Alexander| first=Steven| title=An American Soldier in Vietnam| chapter=Chapter Twenty-Four| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y4uPejM8oz8C&q=bangalore+torpedo+vietnam&pg=PT115}}</ref> | The U.S. Army and the [[People's Army of Vietnam]] used the Bangalore torpedo during the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>[https://www.usace.army.mil/About/History/Historical-Vignettes/Military-Construction-Combat/062-Viet-Cong-Tunnels/ Historical Vignette 062 - How Army Engineers Cleared Viet Cong Tunnels]</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Alexander| first=Steven| title=An American Soldier in Vietnam| chapter=Chapter Twenty-Four| date=July 2013| isbn=9781628380507| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y4uPejM8oz8C&q=bangalore+torpedo+vietnam&pg=PT115}}</ref> | ||
During the [[Yom Kippur War]] in 1973, Bangalore torpedoes were used by the [[Israel]]is to clear paths through [[Syria]]n minefields.<ref>Rabinovich, Abraham. ''The Yom Kippur War''. Schoken Books (2005), p. 309</ref> | During the [[Yom Kippur War]] in 1973, Bangalore torpedoes were used by the [[Israel]]is to clear paths through [[Syria]]n minefields.<ref>Rabinovich, Abraham. ''The Yom Kippur War''. Schoken Books (2005), p. 309</ref> | ||
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== Other recent path-clearing devices == | == Other recent path-clearing devices == | ||
The U.S. [[Anti-Personnel Obstacle Breaching System|anti-personnel obstacle breaching system]] (APOBS) is being brought into service as a replacement to the Bangalore for path-clearing due to their ease of use, effectiveness, and | The U.S. [[Anti-Personnel Obstacle Breaching System|anti-personnel obstacle breaching system]] (APOBS) is being brought into service as a replacement to the Bangalore for path-clearing due to their ease of use, effectiveness, and flexibility – they can clear a path several times longer than the Bangalore torpedo.{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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[[Category:History of the Madras Sappers]] | [[Category:History of the Madras Sappers]] | ||
[[Category:History of Bangalore]] | [[Category:History of Bangalore]] | ||
[[Category:English inventions]] | |||