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{{short description|Encyclopedia accessible via the Internet or other electronic means}} | {{short description|Encyclopedia accessible via the Internet or other electronic means}} | ||
{{ | {{redirect-distinguish|Digital encyclopedia|CD-ROM encyclopedia}} | ||
An '''online encyclopedia''', also called an '''Internet encyclopedia''', or a '''digital encyclopedia''', is an [[encyclopedia]] accessible through the [[internet]]. | {{see also|List of online encyclopedias}} | ||
An '''online encyclopedia''', also called an '''Internet encyclopedia''', or a '''digital encyclopedia''', is an [[encyclopedia]] accessible through the [[internet]]. Examples include [[Wikipedia]] and ''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]''. | |||
==Digitization of | ==Digitization of old content== | ||
{{ | {{More citations needed section|date=May 2021}}{{awk|date=May 2022}} | ||
In January 1995, 11th edition (1911), but disagreement about the method|date=January 2 this has been published as the ''[[Gutenberg Encyclopedia]]''.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} Project Gutenberg later{{When|date=July 2020}} restarted work on digitising and proofreading this encyclopedia. Project Gutenberg has published volumes in alphabetic order the most recent publication is ''Volume 17 Slice 8: Matter–Mecklenburg'' published on 7 April 2013.{{Update-inline|date=July 2020}}<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42473 |title=Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Matter" to "Mecklenburg" |author=Various |publisher= [[Project Gutenberg]] |date=7 April 2013}}</ref> The latest ''Britannica'' was digitized by its publishers, and sold first as a CD-ROM,<ref>Now on DVD — {{cite web |publisher=Britannica Encyclopædia |url=https://store.britannica.com/collections/software |title=Store software |access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> and later as an online service.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Britannica Encyclopædia |url=https://www.britannica.com/ |title=Main page |access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> | |||
In January 1995 | |||
In 2001, ASCII text of all 28 volumes was published on [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://1911encyclopedia.org/ |title=LoveToKnow Classic Encyclopedia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010927163517/http://1911encyclopedia.org/ |archive-date=27 September 2001 |access-date=8 August 2005 }}</ref> by source; a copyright claim was added to the materials included. The website no longer exists. | In 2001, ASCII text of all 28 volumes was published on [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://1911encyclopedia.org/ |title=LoveToKnow Classic Encyclopedia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010927163517/http://1911encyclopedia.org/ |archive-date=27 September 2001 |access-date=8 August 2005 }}</ref> by source; a copyright claim was added to the materials included. The website no longer exists. | ||
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A successful digitization of an encyclopedia was the [[Bartleby.com|Bartleby Project]]'s online adaptation of the ''[[Columbia Encyclopedia]]'', Sixth Edition,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/65/ |title=Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 |access-date=2002-02-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020205073950/http://www.bartleby.com/65/ |archive-date=2002-02-05 }}</ref> in early 2000 and is updated periodically. | A successful digitization of an encyclopedia was the [[Bartleby.com|Bartleby Project]]'s online adaptation of the ''[[Columbia Encyclopedia]]'', Sixth Edition,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/65/ |title=Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 |access-date=2002-02-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020205073950/http://www.bartleby.com/65/ |archive-date=2002-02-05 }}</ref> in early 2000 and is updated periodically. | ||
Other websites provide online encyclopedias, some of which are also available on Wikisource, but which may be more complete than those on Wikisource, or maybe different editions (see [[ | Other websites provide online encyclopedias, some of which are also available on Wikisource, but which may be more complete than those on Wikisource, or maybe different editions (see [[List of online encyclopedias]]). | ||
==Creation of new content== | ==Creation of new content== | ||
Another related branch of activity is the creation of new, free content on a volunteer basis. In 1991, the participants of the [[Usenet]] newsgroup | Another related branch of activity is the creation of new, free content on a volunteer basis. In 1991, the participants of the [[Usenet]] newsgroup {{mono|alt.fan.douglas-adams}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&safe=off&q=alt.fan.douglas-adams&sa=N&tab=wg |title=alt.fan.douglas-adams |access-date=2013-09-18}}</ref> started a project to produce a real version of ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'', a fictional encyclopedia used in the works of [[Douglas Adams]]. It became known as Project Galactic Guide. Although it originally aimed to contain only real, factual articles, the policy was changed to allow and encourage semi-real and unreal articles as well. Project Galactic Guide contains over 1700 articles, but no new articles have been added since 2000; this is probably partly due to the founding of [[h2g2]], a more official project along similar lines. | ||
The 1993 [[Interpedia]] proposal was planned as an encyclopedia on the Internet to which everyone could contribute materials. The project never left the planning stage and was overtaken by a key branch of old printed encyclopedias. | The 1993 [[Interpedia]] proposal was planned as an encyclopedia on the Internet to which everyone could contribute materials. The project never left the planning stage and was overtaken by a key branch of old printed encyclopedias. | ||
Another early online encyclopedia was called the ''Global Encyclopedia''. In November 1995 a review of it was presented by James Rettig (Assistant Dean of University Libraries for Reference and Information Services) [[College of William | Another early online encyclopedia was called the ''Global Encyclopedia''. In November 1995 a review of it was presented by James Rettig (Assistant Dean of University Libraries for Reference and Information Services) [[College of William & Mary]] at the 15th Annual Charleston Conference on library acquisitions and related issues. He said of the ''Global Encyclopedia'':<ref name="swem.wm.edu 2005">{{cite web | title=Putting the Squeeze on the Information Firehose: The Need for 'Neteditors and 'Netreviewers | website=swem.wm.edu | date=11 January 2005 | url=http://www.swem.wm.edu/firehose.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111085445/http://www.swem.wm.edu/firehose.html | archive-date=11 January 2005 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref> | ||
{{quote| | {{quote| | ||
This is a volunteer effort to compile an encyclopedia and distribute it for free on the World Wide Web. If you have ever yearned to be the author of an encyclopedia article, yearn no longer. Take a minute (or even two or three if you are feeling scholarly) to write an article on a topic of your choosing and [e]mail it off to the unnamed "editors." These editors (to use that title very loosely) have generated a list of approximately 1,300 topics they want to include; to date, perhaps a quarter of them have been treated; to date, perhaps a quarter of them have been treated. ... This so-called encyclopedia gives amateurism a bad name. It is being compiled without standards or guidelines for article structure, content, or reading level. It makes no apparent effort to check the qualifications and authority of the volunteer authors. Its claim that "Submitted articles are fact-checked, corrected for spelling, and then formatted" is at best an exaggeration.<ref name="swem.wm.edu 2005"/> | This is a volunteer effort to compile an encyclopedia and distribute it for free on the World Wide Web. If you have ever yearned to be the author of an encyclopedia article, yearn no longer. Take a minute (or even two or three if you are feeling scholarly) to write an article on a topic of your choosing and [e]mail it off to the unnamed "editors." These editors (to use that title very loosely) have generated a list of approximately 1,300 topics they want to include; to date, perhaps a quarter of them have been treated; to date, perhaps a quarter of them have been treated. ... This so-called encyclopedia gives amateurism a bad name. It is being compiled without standards or guidelines for article structure, content, or reading level. It makes no apparent effort to check the qualifications and authority of the volunteer authors. Its claim that "Submitted articles are fact-checked, corrected for spelling, and then formatted" is at best an exaggeration.<ref name="swem.wm.edu 2005"/> | ||
}} | }} | ||
He then gives several examples of article entries such as [[Iowa City]]: | He then gives several examples of article entries such as [[Iowa City, Iowa|Iowa City]]: | ||
{{quote|A city of approximately 60,000 people, Iowa City lies in the eastern half of Iowa. It is also the home of the University of Iowa (http://www.uiowa.edu).<ref name="swem.wm.edu 2005"/>}} | {{quote|A city of approximately 60,000 people, Iowa City lies in the eastern half of Iowa. It is also the home of the University of Iowa (http://www.uiowa.edu).<ref name="swem.wm.edu 2005"/>}} | ||
[[Wikipedia]] is | [[Wikipedia]] is a [[free content]], multilingual online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteer contributors through a model of [[open collaboration]]. It is the largest and most-read [[reference work]] in history,<ref name="Wiki20">{{cite news|date=January 9, 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|access-date=February 25, 2021|newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> Wikipedia originally developed from another encyclopedia project called [[Nupedia]].<ref name="KockJungSyn2016">{{cite journal |last1=Kock |first1=Ned |last2=Jung |first2=Yusun |last3=Syn |first3=Thant |author1-link=Ned Kock |title=Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges |journal=[[International Journal of e-Collaboration]] |date=2016 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.4018/IJeC.2016040101 |url=http://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |publisher=IGI Global |issn=1548-3681 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927001627/https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> | ||
== | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Open encyclopedia|Open online encyclopedia]] | |||
* [[Digital library]] | * [[Digital library]] | ||
* [[Lists of encyclopedias]] | * [[Lists of encyclopedias]] | ||
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{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | ||
[[Category:Online encyclopedias| ]] | [[Category:Online encyclopedias| ]] | ||