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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
The '''Integrated Space Cell''' was the nodal agency within the [[Government of India]] which oversees the security of its space based military and civilian hardware systems. It was to be jointly operated by all the three services of the [[Indian Armed Forces]], the civilian [[Defence Research and Development Organization|Defence Research and Development Organisation]] and the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO). This agency was Superseded by [[Defence Space Agency]].{{cn|date=July 2020}}
The '''Integrated Space Cell''' was the nodal agency within the [[Government of India]] which oversees the security of its space based military and civilian hardware systems. It was to be jointly operated by all the three services of the [[Indian Armed Forces]], the civilian [[Defence Research and Development Organization|Defence Research and Development Organisation]] and the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO). This agency was Superseded by [[Defence Space Agency]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}


==Description==
==Description==
The Integrated Space Cell has been set up to utilise more effectively the country's space-based assets for military purposes and to look into threats to these assets.<ref>{{cite web | title=India in aerospace defence plan | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6307875.stm | publisher=[[BBC]] | date=28 January 2007 | access-date=24 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=India Begins Work On Space Weapons Command |url=http://www.spacewar.com/reports/India_Begins_Work_On_Space_Weapons_Command.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070709071654/http://www.spacewar.com/reports/India_Begins_Work_On_Space_Weapons_Command.html |url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2007 |publisher=SpaceDaily |date=12 April 2006 |access-date=24 April 2009 }}</ref> It functions under the Integrated Defense Services headquarters of the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Indian Ministry of Defense]].<ref name="iss">{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JF18Df01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203131949/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JF18Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=3 December 2008 |title=India goes to war in space |date=18 June 2008 |access-date=2 July 2010 }}</ref> This command will leverage space technology including [[satellites]]. Unlike an aerospace command, where the air force controls most of its activities, the Integrated Space Cell envisages cooperation and coordination between the three services as well as civilian agencies dealing with space.<ref name=iss/> The armed forces are increasingly depending on satellites for [[communication]], aircraft and missile guidance, [[reconnaissance]] and surveillance. Satellites are also essential for civilian purposes such as [[weather forecasting]], [[disaster management]] and communications. This has made it important to work out measures to protect India's space-based assets.
The Integrated Space Cell had been set up to utilise more effectively the country's space-based assets for military purposes and to look into threats to these assets.<ref>{{cite web | title=India in aerospace defence plan | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6307875.stm | publisher=[[BBC]] | date=28 January 2007 | access-date=24 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=India Begins Work On Space Weapons Command |url=http://www.spacewar.com/reports/India_Begins_Work_On_Space_Weapons_Command.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070709071654/http://www.spacewar.com/reports/India_Begins_Work_On_Space_Weapons_Command.html |url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2007 |publisher=SpaceDaily |date=12 April 2006 |access-date=24 April 2009 }}</ref> It functioned under the Integrated Defense Services headquarters of the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Indian Ministry of Defense]].<ref name="iss">{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JF18Df01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203131949/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JF18Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=3 December 2008 |title=India goes to war in space |date=18 June 2008 |access-date=2 July 2010 }}</ref> This command leveraged space technology including [[satellites]]. Unlike an aerospace command, where the air force controls most of its activities, the Integrated Space Cell envisaged cooperation and coordination between the three services as well as civilian agencies dealing with space.<ref name=iss/> The armed forces are increasingly depending on satellites for [[communication]], aircraft and missile guidance, [[reconnaissance]] and surveillance. Satellites are also essential for civilian purposes such as [[weather forecasting]], [[disaster management]] and communications. This had made it important to work out measures to protect India's space-based assets.


==Formation==
==Formation==
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{{main|Mission Shakti}}
{{main|Mission Shakti}}


# [[Microsat (ISRO)#Microsat-R|Microsat-R satellite]] was launched and it served as a target for [[Anti-satellite weapon#India ASATs|Indian anti-satellite weapon experiment]] in which it was successfully destroyed by India's anti-satellite missile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/03/28/drdo-top-secret-asat-mission-project-xsv1-onmanorama-exclusive.html|title=Onmanorama Exclusive {{!}} DRDO's top secret A-SAT mission codenamed 'Project XSV-1'|website=OnManorama|language=en|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/03/27/mission-shakti-drdo-asat-missile-hit-microsat-r-isro.html|title=Explained Mission Shakti {{!}} What is A-SAT and how it hit Microsat-R in 168 secs|website=OnManorama|language=en|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Foust |first1=Jeff |title=India Tests Anti-Satellite Weapon |url=https://www.space.com/india-tests-anti-satellite-weapon.html |work=Space.com |date=27 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/02/709032198/nasa-debris-from-indias-anti-satellite-test-raised-threat-to-space-station|title=NASA: Debris From India's Anti-Satellite Test Raised Threat To Space Station|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv23i3.pdf|title=NASA's Orbital Debris Quarterly News Volume 23, Issue 3|date=2 August 2019|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref>
# [[Microsat (ISRO)#Microsat-R|Microsat-R satellite]] was launched and it served as a target for [[Anti-satellite weapon#Indian ASATs|Indian anti-satellite weapon experiment]] in which it was successfully destroyed by India's anti-satellite missile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/03/28/drdo-top-secret-asat-mission-project-xsv1-onmanorama-exclusive.html|title=Onmanorama Exclusive {{!}} DRDO's top secret A-SAT mission codenamed 'Project XSV-1'|website=OnManorama|language=en|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/03/27/mission-shakti-drdo-asat-missile-hit-microsat-r-isro.html|title=Explained Mission Shakti {{!}} What is A-SAT and how it hit Microsat-R in 168 secs|website=OnManorama|language=en|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Foust |first1=Jeff |title=India Tests Anti-Satellite Weapon |url=https://www.space.com/india-tests-anti-satellite-weapon.html |work=Space.com |date=27 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/02/709032198/nasa-debris-from-indias-anti-satellite-test-raised-threat-to-space-station|title=NASA: Debris From India's Anti-Satellite Test Raised Threat To Space Station|newspaper=NPR|date=2 April 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-04-02|last1=Chappell|first1=Bill}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv23i3.pdf|title=NASA's Orbital Debris Quarterly News Volume 23, Issue 3|date=2 August 2019|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref>


===Disused military satellites===
===Disused military satellites===
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# [[Technology Experiment Satellite]] or (TES) is an experimental satellite to demonstrate and validate, in orbit, technologies that could be used in the future satellites of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/technology_experiment_satellite_tes.aspx|title=Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)|access-date=18 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612214937/http://isro.org/satellites/technology_experiment_satellite_tes.aspx|archive-date=12 June 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) has a [[panchromatic]] camera capable of producing images of 1 meter resolution for remote sensing.<ref name="tes">{{cite web | title=India's spy satellite boost | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1679321.stm | publisher=BBC | date=27 November 2001 | access-date=31 Jul 2009}}</ref> The launch of TES made India the second country in the world after the United States that can commercially offer images with one meter resolution.<ref name="tes"/> It is used for remote sensing of civilian areas, mapping industry and geographical information services.
# [[Technology Experiment Satellite]] or (TES) is an experimental satellite to demonstrate and validate, in orbit, technologies that could be used in the future satellites of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/technology_experiment_satellite_tes.aspx|title=Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)|access-date=18 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612214937/http://isro.org/satellites/technology_experiment_satellite_tes.aspx|archive-date=12 June 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) has a [[panchromatic]] camera capable of producing images of 1 meter resolution for remote sensing.<ref name="tes">{{cite web | title=India's spy satellite boost | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1679321.stm | publisher=BBC | date=27 November 2001 | access-date=31 Jul 2009}}</ref> The launch of TES made India the second country in the world after the United States that can commercially offer images with one meter resolution.<ref name="tes"/> It is used for remote sensing of civilian areas, mapping industry and geographical information services.
# [[RISAT-2]], or Radar Imaging Satellite 2 has a primary sensor, the [[synthetic aperture radar]] from [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] (IAI).<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/anusat.htm|title=ANUSAT|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=2009-04-17}}</ref> RISAT-2 is India's first satellite with a [[synthetic aperture radar]]. It has a day-night, all-weather monitoring capability and has a resolution of one metre.<ref name="voa">{{cite web|last=Herman |first=Steve |title=India Launches High-Tech Imaging Satellite |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-04/2009-04-20-voa13.cfm?CFID=264321146&CFTOKEN=89382867&jsessionid=8830364952f39bcb7dcb118473f48396c7a4 |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=20 April 2008 |access-date=31 Jul 2009 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Potential applications include tracking hostile ships at sea.<ref name="India's spy in the sky: ISRO launches RISAT-2">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indias-spy-in-the-sky-isro-launches-risat2/90656-11.html?from=rssfeed |title=India's spy in the sky: ISRO launches RISAT-2 |date=20 April 2009 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=2009-04-20 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427135457/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indias-spy-in-the-sky-isro-launches-risat2/90656-11.html?from=rssfeed |archive-date=2009-04-27 }}</ref> Though the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] sought to underplay the satellite's defence capabilities in its website and in its announcements, a majority of the media preferred to classify it as a spy satellite.<ref name="India launches key spy satellite">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8007653.stm?from=rssfeed|title=India launches key spy satellite |date=20 April 2009|publisher=BBC|access-date=2009-04-20}}</ref> ISRO claims that the satellite will enhance ISRO's capability for earth observation, especially during floods, cyclones, landslides and in disaster management in a more effective way.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/RISAT-2.aspx|title=RISAT-2|access-date=19 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612220312/http://isro.org/satellites/RISAT-2.aspx|archive-date=12 June 2010}}</ref>
# [[RISAT-2]], or Radar Imaging Satellite 2 has a primary sensor, the [[synthetic aperture radar]] from [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] (IAI).<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/anusat.htm|title=ANUSAT|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=2009-04-17}}</ref> RISAT-2 is India's first satellite with a [[synthetic aperture radar]]. It has a day-night, all-weather monitoring capability and has a resolution of one metre.<ref name="voa">{{cite web|last=Herman |first=Steve |title=India Launches High-Tech Imaging Satellite |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-04/2009-04-20-voa13.cfm?CFID=264321146&CFTOKEN=89382867&jsessionid=8830364952f39bcb7dcb118473f48396c7a4 |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=20 April 2008 |access-date=31 Jul 2009 }} {{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Potential applications include tracking hostile ships at sea.<ref name="India's spy in the sky: ISRO launches RISAT-2">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indias-spy-in-the-sky-isro-launches-risat2/90656-11.html?from=rssfeed |title=India's spy in the sky: ISRO launches RISAT-2 |date=20 April 2009 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=2009-04-20 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427135457/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indias-spy-in-the-sky-isro-launches-risat2/90656-11.html?from=rssfeed |archive-date=2009-04-27 }}</ref> Though the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] sought to underplay the satellite's defence capabilities in its website and in its announcements, a majority of the media preferred to classify it as a spy satellite.<ref name="India launches key spy satellite">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8007653.stm?from=rssfeed|title=India launches key spy satellite |date=20 April 2009|publisher=BBC|access-date=2009-04-20}}</ref> ISRO claims that the satellite will enhance ISRO's capability for earth observation, especially during floods, cyclones, landslides and in disaster management in a more effective way.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/RISAT-2.aspx|title=RISAT-2|access-date=19 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612220312/http://isro.org/satellites/RISAT-2.aspx|archive-date=12 June 2010}}</ref>
# [[CARTOSAT-2]] carries a state-of-the-art panchromatic (PAN) camera that take black and white pictures of the earth in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The swath covered by these high resolution PAN cameras is 9.6&nbsp;km and their spatial resolution is 80 centimetres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scanex.ru/en/data/default.asp?submenu=cartosat2&id=index|title=CARTOSAT-2 program data|access-date=19 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718095148/http://www.scanex.ru/en/data/default.asp?submenu=cartosat2&id=index|archive-date=18 July 2010}}</ref> The satellite can be steered up to 45 degrees along as well as across the track. CARTOSAT-2 is an advanced remote sensing satellite capable of providing scene-specific spot imagery. The data from the satellite will be used for detailed mapping and other cartographic applications at cadastral level, urban and rural infrastructure development and management, as well as applications in Land Information System (LIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS).<ref name="cartosat2">{{cite web|url=http://www.imagine18.com/cartosat-2-and-2b-alsat-2a-studsat-cartosat-2a-isro-pslv-c15-rocket/9199/09/ |title=Cartosat 2 and 2B/Alsat 2A/StudSAT/Cartosat 2A/ISRO/PSLV C15 Rocket |access-date=19 July 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716191437/http://www.imagine18.com/cartosat-2-and-2b-alsat-2a-studsat-cartosat-2a-isro-pslv-c15-rocket/9199/09 |archive-date=16 July 2010 }}</ref>
# [[CARTOSAT-2]] carries a state-of-the-art panchromatic (PAN) camera that take black and white pictures of the earth in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The swath covered by these high resolution PAN cameras is 9.6&nbsp;km and their spatial resolution is 80 centimetres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scanex.ru/en/data/default.asp?submenu=cartosat2&id=index|title=CARTOSAT-2 program data|access-date=19 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718095148/http://www.scanex.ru/en/data/default.asp?submenu=cartosat2&id=index|archive-date=18 July 2010}}</ref> The satellite can be steered up to 45 degrees along as well as across the track. CARTOSAT-2 is an advanced remote sensing satellite capable of providing scene-specific spot imagery. The data from the satellite will be used for detailed mapping and other cartographic applications at cadastral level, urban and rural infrastructure development and management, as well as applications in Land Information System (LIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS).<ref name="cartosat2">{{cite web|url=http://www.imagine18.com/cartosat-2-and-2b-alsat-2a-studsat-cartosat-2a-isro-pslv-c15-rocket/9199/09/ |title=Cartosat 2 and 2B/Alsat 2A/StudSAT/Cartosat 2A/ISRO/PSLV C15 Rocket |access-date=19 July 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716191437/http://www.imagine18.com/cartosat-2-and-2b-alsat-2a-studsat-cartosat-2a-isro-pslv-c15-rocket/9199/09 |archive-date=16 July 2010 }}</ref> Cartosat was decommissioned and the perigee lowered by controlled burns between March to Sep 2020 as debris mitigation activities. This will result in the orbit naturally decaying and re-entry within 10 years
# [[CARTOSAT-2A]] is a dedicated satellite for the Indian Armed Forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070015064 |title=NDTV.com: India to launch first military satellite in August |date=10 June 2008 |access-date=18 July 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502235038/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070015064 |archive-date=2 May 2008 }}</ref> The satellite carries a panchromatic (PAN) camera capable of taking black-and-white pictures in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. The highly agile Cartosat-2A can be steered up to 45 deg along as well as across the direction of its movement to facilitate imaging of any area more frequently.
# [[CARTOSAT-2A]] is a dedicated satellite for the Indian Armed Forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070015064 |title=NDTV.com: India to launch first military satellite in August |date=10 June 2008 |access-date=18 July 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502235038/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070015064 |archive-date=2 May 2008 }}</ref> The satellite carries a panchromatic (PAN) camera capable of taking black-and-white pictures in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. The highly agile Cartosat-2A can be steered up to 45 deg along as well as across the direction of its movement to facilitate imaging of any area more frequently.
# [[CARTOSAT-2B]] carries a panchromatic (PAN) camera capable of taking black-and-white pictures in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum which has a resolution of 80 centimetres.<ref name=cartosat2/> The highly agile CARTOSAT-2B can be steered up to 45 deg along as well as across the direction of its movement to facilitate imaging of any area more frequently and offers multiple spot scene imagery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/81017/spy-satellite-catch-miners-land.html |title=Spy satellite to catch miners, land encroachers }}</ref>
# [[CARTOSAT-2B]] carries a panchromatic (PAN) camera capable of taking black-and-white pictures in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum which has a resolution of 80 centimetres.<ref name=cartosat2/> The highly agile CARTOSAT-2B can be steered up to 45 deg along as well as across the direction of its movement to facilitate imaging of any area more frequently and offers multiple spot scene imagery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/81017/spy-satellite-catch-miners-land.html |title=Spy satellite to catch miners, land encroachers |date=12 July 2010 }}</ref>
# [[GSAT-6A]] is a dedicated satellite for army as a replacement for [[GSAT-6]] which lost communication after its launch.<ref name=howmany/>
# [[GSAT-6A]] is a dedicated satellite for army as a replacement for [[GSAT-6]] which lost communication after its launch.<ref name=howmany/>
# [[GSAT-7]] was launched in 2013 for the exclusive use of the [[Indian Navy]] to monitor the [[Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean Region]] (IOR) with the satellite's 2,000 nautical mile ‘footprint’ and real-time input capabilities to Indian warships, submarines and maritime aircraft.<ref name=howmany/> To boost its network-centric operations, the IAF is also likely to get another satellite [[GSAT-7C]] within a few years.<ref name=howmany/>
# [[GSAT-7]] was launched in 2013 for the exclusive use of the [[Indian Navy]] to monitor the [[Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean Region]] (IOR) with the satellite's 2,000 nautical mile ‘footprint’ and real-time input capabilities to Indian warships, submarines and maritime aircraft.<ref name=howmany/> To boost its network-centric operations, the IAF is also likely to get another satellite [[GSAT-7C]] within a few years.<ref name=howmany/>
# [[HySIS]], a dual use satellite, was also launched in November 2013, which is used by the navy.<ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/with-gsat-7a-isro-launches-angry-bird-for-iaf/3-satellites-in-35-days/slideshow/67173280.cms 3 satellites in 35 days], Economic Times, Dec 2018.</ref> HySIS carries two payloads, the first in the [[VNIR|Visible Near Infrared (VNIR)]] spectral range of 0.4 to 0.95 micrometers with 60 contiguous spectral bands and the second in the Shortwave Infrared Range (SWIR) spectral range of 0.85 to 2.4 [[micrometre]]s with a 10 [[nanometre]] bandwidth and 256 contiguous spectral bands. The satellite will have a spatial resolution of 30 meters and a swath of 30&nbsp;km from its 630&nbsp;km [[sun-synchronous orbit]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-to-develop-full-fledged-earth-observation-satellite/article19458651.ece|title=ISRO to develop full-fledged hyperspectral imaging satellite|last=D.s|first=Madhumathi|date=9 August 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=11 November 2018|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/241118/nellore-hyperspectral-imaging-satellite-to-be-launched-on-november-29.html|title=Nellore: Hyperspectral Imaging Satellite to be launched on November 29|date=2018-11-24|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-11-26|language=en}}</ref>
# [[HySIS]], a dual use satellite, was also launched in November 2013, which is used by the navy.<ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/with-gsat-7a-isro-launches-angry-bird-for-iaf/3-satellites-in-35-days/slideshow/67173280.cms 3 satellites in 35 days], Economic Times, Dec 2018.</ref> HySIS carries two payloads, the first in the [[VNIR|Visible Near Infrared (VNIR)]] spectral range of 0.4 to 0.95 micrometers with 60 contiguous spectral bands and the second in the Shortwave Infrared Range (SWIR) spectral range of 0.85 to 2.4 [[micrometre]]s with a 10 [[nanometre]] bandwidth and 256 contiguous spectral bands. The satellite will have a spatial resolution of 30 meters and a swath of 30&nbsp;km from its 630&nbsp;km [[sun-synchronous orbit]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-to-develop-full-fledged-earth-observation-satellite/article19458651.ece|title=ISRO to develop full-fledged hyperspectral imaging satellite|last=D.s|first=Madhumathi|date=9 August 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=11 November 2018|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/241118/nellore-hyperspectral-imaging-satellite-to-be-launched-on-november-29.html|title=Nellore: Hyperspectral Imaging Satellite to be launched on November 29|date=2018-11-24|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-11-26|language=en}}</ref>
# [[GSAT-7A]], launched in December 2018 for the exclusive military use for the [[Indian Air Force]],<ref name=howmany/> GSAT-7A, an advanced military communications satellite exclusively for the Indian Air Force,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url =http://archive.defensenews.com/article/20130910/DEFREG03/309100007/India-s-Tech-Roadmap-Points-Small-Sats-Space-Weapons|title =India's Tech Roadmap Points to Small Sats, Space Weapons|archive-url =https://archive.today/20150121220451/http://archive.defensenews.com/article/20130910/DEFREG03/309100007/India-s-Tech-Roadmap-Points-Small-Sats-Space-Weapons|archive-date =2015-01-21|url-status =dead}}</ref> is similar to [[Indian Navy|Indian navy]]'s GSAT-7, and GSAT-7A will enhance [[Network-centric warfare|Network-centric warfare capabilities]] of the Indian Air Force by interlinking different ground radar stations, ground airbase and [[Airborne early warning and control|Airborne early warning and control (AWACS)]] aircraft such as [[Beriev A-50]] [[EL/W-2090|Phalcon]] and [[DRDO AEW&CS]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="7a-iaf-ia">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/isro-to-launch-gsat-7a-tomorrow-communication-satellite-to-give-more-power-to-forces/story-KRkEADhNeSYgFXE42fUrqK.html|title=Isro to launch GSAT-7A tomorrow, communication satellite to give more power to forces|publisher=Hindustan TImes|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref><ref name=skymil1/> GSAT-7A will also be used by [[Indian Army]]'s Aviation Corps for its helicopters and UAV's operations.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="7a-iaf-ia"/><ref name="skymil1">{{Cite web|url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/iaf-to-induct-214-fifth-generation-fighter-jets/189940-3.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111006000407/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/iaf-to-induct-214-fifth-generation-fighter-jets/189940-3.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2011-10-06|title = IAF to induct 214 fifth generation fighter jets}}</ref>
# [[GSAT-7A]], launched in December 2018 for the exclusive military use for the [[Indian Air Force]],<ref name=howmany/> GSAT-7A, an advanced military communications satellite exclusively for the Indian Air Force,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url =http://archive.defensenews.com/article/20130910/DEFREG03/309100007/India-s-Tech-Roadmap-Points-Small-Sats-Space-Weapons|title =India's Tech Roadmap Points to Small Sats, Space Weapons|archive-url =https://archive.today/20150121220451/http://archive.defensenews.com/article/20130910/DEFREG03/309100007/India-s-Tech-Roadmap-Points-Small-Sats-Space-Weapons|archive-date =2015-01-21|url-status =dead}}</ref> is similar to [[Indian Navy|Indian navy]]'s GSAT-7, and GSAT-7A will enhance [[Network-centric warfare|Network-centric warfare capabilities]] of the Indian Air Force by interlinking different ground radar stations, ground airbase and [[Airborne early warning and control|Airborne early warning and control (AWACS)]] aircraft such as [[Beriev A-50]] [[EL/W-2090|Phalcon]] and [[DRDO AEW&CS]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="7a-iaf-ia">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/isro-to-launch-gsat-7a-tomorrow-communication-satellite-to-give-more-power-to-forces/story-KRkEADhNeSYgFXE42fUrqK.html|title=Isro to launch GSAT-7A tomorrow, communication satellite to give more power to forces|date=18 December 2018|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref><ref name=skymil1/> GSAT-7A will also be used by [[Indian Army]]'s Aviation Corps for its helicopters and UAV's operations.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="7a-iaf-ia"/><ref name="skymil1">{{Cite web|url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/iaf-to-induct-214-fifth-generation-fighter-jets/189940-3.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111006000407/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/iaf-to-induct-214-fifth-generation-fighter-jets/189940-3.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2011-10-06|title = IAF to induct 214 fifth generation fighter jets}}</ref>
# [[HySIS]], dual use satellite launched in 2018 is also accessible to India's defence forces.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-hyperspectral-imaging-sat-with-30-foreign-satellites-on-nov-29/articleshow/66801810.cms|title=Isro to launch hyperspectral imaging sat with 30 foreign satellites on Nov 29 - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/science/the-militaristic-claims-of-isros-latest-satellite-have-been-greatly-exaggerated/158545/|title=The militaristic claims of ISRO’s latest satellite have been greatly exaggerated|date=4 December 2018|work=ThePrint|access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref>
# [[HySIS]], dual use satellite launched in 2018 is also accessible to India's defence forces.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-hyperspectral-imaging-sat-with-30-foreign-satellites-on-nov-29/articleshow/66801810.cms|title=Isro to launch hyperspectral imaging sat with 30 foreign satellites on Nov 29 - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/science/the-militaristic-claims-of-isros-latest-satellite-have-been-greatly-exaggerated/158545/|title=The militaristic claims of ISRO's latest satellite have been greatly exaggerated|date=4 December 2018|work=ThePrint|access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref>
# [[Microsat (ISRO)#Microsat-R|Microsat-R satellite]], a [[Integrated Space Cell#Satellites operated|dedicated]] [[military satellite]] for the [[Indian Armed Forces]], was launched on 24 January 2019. The 760&nbsp;kg imaging satellite was launched using [[PSLV-C43#PSLV-C44|PSLV C-44]] rocket.<ref name=rsat1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isros-pslv-c-44-places-military-satellite-microsat-r-in-orbit/articleshow/67679340.cms India launches military satellite], Times of India, 25 January 2019.</ref>
# [[Microsat (ISRO)#Microsat-R|Microsat-R satellite]], a [[Integrated Space Cell#Satellites operated|dedicated]] [[military satellite]] for the [[Indian Armed Forces]], was launched on 24 January 2019. The 760&nbsp;kg imaging satellite was launched using [[PSLV-C43#PSLV-C44|PSLV C-44]] rocket.<ref name=rsat1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isros-pslv-c-44-places-military-satellite-microsat-r-in-orbit/articleshow/67679340.cms India launches military satellite], Times of India, 25 January 2019.</ref>
# [[EMISAT]], launched on 1 April 2019, is a reconnaissance satellite]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c45-emisat-mission/launch-kit|title=PSLV C45 Launch Kit|website=www.isro.gov.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323093804/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pslv-c45_launch_kitv5.0_fn_23.03.19.pdf|archive-date=23 March 2019|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref> under [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]'s project ''Kautilya''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/kautilya|title=Kautilya|access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref> which will provide space-based electronic intelligence or [[ELINT]], especially to improve the situational awareness of the [[Indian Armed Forces]] by providing information and location of enemy radars.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/pslv-isro-emisat-launch-from-sriharikota-on-april-1/article26699077.ece|title=India gets surveillance satellite|last=D.s|first=Madhumathi|date=2019-04-01|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-07-24|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
# [[EMISAT]], launched on 1 April 2019, is a [[reconnaissance satellite]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c45-emisat-mission/launch-kit|title=PSLV C45 Launch Kit|website=www.isro.gov.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323093804/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pslv-c45_launch_kitv5.0_fn_23.03.19.pdf|archive-date=23 March 2019|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref> under [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]'s project ''Kautilya''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/kautilya|title=Kautilya|access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref> which will provide space-based electronic intelligence or [[ELINT]], especially to improve the situational awareness of the [[Indian Armed Forces]] by providing information and location of enemy radars.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/pslv-isro-emisat-launch-from-sriharikota-on-april-1/article26699077.ece|title=India gets surveillance satellite|last=D.s|first=Madhumathi|date=2019-04-01|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-07-24|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>


===Requirement for additional military satellites ===
===Requirement for additional military satellites ===
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{{main|2019 Indian anti-satellite missile test}}
{{main|2019 Indian anti-satellite missile test}}
[[File:Launch of DRDO's Ballistic Missile Defence interceptor missile for an ASAT test on 27 March 2019.jpg|thumb|Launch of an interceptor derived from [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme]] for ASAT test on 27 March 2019]]
[[File:Launch of DRDO's Ballistic Missile Defence interceptor missile for an ASAT test on 27 March 2019.jpg|thumb|Launch of an interceptor derived from [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme]] for ASAT test on 27 March 2019]]
On 27 March 2019, [[India]]n [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] announced the successful launch of India's first [[Anti-satellite weapon|ASAT]].<ref>https://themirk.com/india-enters-the-elite-club-successfully-shot-down-low-orbit-satellite/</ref> The interceptor was able to strike a test [[satellite]] at a 300-kilometre (186&nbsp;mi) altitude in low earth orbit (LEO), thus successfully testing its [[Anti-satellite weapon|ASAT]] [[missile]]. The interceptor was launched at around 05:40 UTC at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in [[Chandipur, Odisha|Chandipur]], [[Odisha]] and hit its target [[Microsat-R]]<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-satellite-idUSKCN1R91DM</ref> after 168 seconds.<ref>https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/03/27/mission-shakti-drdo-asat-missile-hit-microsat-r-isro.html</ref> The operation was named Mission Shakti. The missile system was developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)]]—a research wing of the Indian defence services.<ref>http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1569563</ref> With this test, India became the fourth nation with [[Anti-satellite weapon|anti-satellite missile]] capabilities. India stated that this capability is a [[Deterrence theory|deterrent]] and is not directed against any nation.<ref>https://thediplomat.com/2016/06/indias-anti-satellite-weapons/</ref><ref>https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/03/27/india-test-anti-satellite-weapon-modi.html</ref><ref>https://dbpost-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/dbpost.com/doval-to-draft-space-policy-after-successful-asat-test/amp/?amp_js_v=a2&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQCCAE%3D#referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fdbpost.com%2Fdoval-to-draft-space-policy-after-successful-asat-test%2F</ref>
On 27 March 2019, [[India]]n [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] announced the successful launch of India's first [[Anti-satellite weapon|ASAT]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themirk.com/india-enters-the-elite-club-successfully-shot-down-low-orbit-satellite/|title = India Enters the Elite Club: Successfully Shot Down Low Orbit Satellite - the Mirk|date = 27 March 2019}}</ref> The interceptor was able to strike a test [[satellite]] at a 300-kilometre (186&nbsp;mi) altitude in low earth orbit (LEO), thus successfully testing its [[Anti-satellite weapon|ASAT]] [[missile]]. The interceptor was launched at around 05:40 UTC at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in [[Chandipur, Odisha|Chandipur]], [[Odisha]] and hit its target [[Microsat-R]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-satellite-idUSKCN1R91DM|title = India says space debris from anti-satellite test to 'vanish' in 45 days|newspaper = Reuters|date = 28 March 2019}}</ref> after 168 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/03/27/mission-shakti-drdo-asat-missile-hit-microsat-r-isro.html|title = Home}}</ref> The operation was named Mission Shakti. The missile system was developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)]]—a research wing of the Indian defence services.<ref>http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1569563</ref> With this test, India became the fourth nation with [[Anti-satellite weapon|anti-satellite missile]] capabilities. India stated that this capability is a [[Deterrence theory|deterrent]] and is not directed against any nation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/06/indias-anti-satellite-weapons/|title = India's Anti-Satellite Weapons}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/03/27/india-test-anti-satellite-weapon-modi.html|title=India successfully tests anti-satellite weapon: Modi}}</ref><ref>https://dbpost-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/dbpost.com/doval-to-draft-space-policy-after-successful-asat-test/amp/?amp_js_v=a2&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQCCAE%3D#referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fdbpost.com%2Fdoval-to-draft-space-policy-after-successful-asat-test%2F {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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