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| image = Bakharwal.jpg | | image = Bakharwal.jpg | ||
| image_alt = | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption = A 7-month old female | | image_caption = A 7-month-old female | ||
| altname = Bakerwal, Bakerwal Mastiff, Gujar Dog, Gujar Watchdog, Kashmiri Sheepdog, Kashmiri Bakerwal Dog, Kashmiri Mastiff<ref name=Latief2010/> | | altname = Bakerwal, Bakerwal Mastiff, Gujar Dog, Gujar Watchdog, Kashmiri Sheepdog, Kashmiri Bakerwal Dog, Kashmiri Mastiff<ref name=Latief2010/> | ||
| country = Indian subcontinent | | country = Indian subcontinent | ||
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}}<!-- End Infobox --> | }}<!-- End Infobox --> | ||
The '''Bakharwal dog''' is found in northern [[India]].<ref name=Latief2010/><ref name=Deshpande2020/><ref name=Ranjitsinh1981/> It is an ancient [[working dog|working]] [[Indian dog breeds|Indian dog breed]] found across the [[Pir Panjal Range]] of India, where it has been bred for many centuries by the [[Bakarwal]] and [[Gujjar]] [[nomadic tribes]], as a [[livestock guardian dog]] and settlement protector.<ref name="HP2012"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Bakharwal Training |url=https://precisionk9work.com/by-breed/austin-bakharwal-training/ |publisher=Precision K9 Work |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en |quote=The Bakharwal dog was bred in the Pir Panjal Mountains, India, and it has been known as a working breed.}}</ref> While the Bakharwal Dog is mainly found in India, it is found in smaller numbers in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Rahi2017"/> | The '''Bakharwal dog''' is found in northern [[India]].<ref name=Latief2010/><ref name=Deshpande2020/><ref name=Ranjitsinh1981/> It is an ancient [[working dog|working]] [[Indian dog breeds|Indian dog breed]] found in [[Ladakh]] and across the [[Pir Panjal Range]] of India, where it has been bred for many centuries by the [[Bakarwal]] and [[Gujjar]] [[nomadic tribes]], as a [[livestock guardian dog]] and settlement protector.<ref name="HP2012"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Bakharwal Training |url=https://precisionk9work.com/by-breed/austin-bakharwal-training/ |publisher=Precision K9 Work |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en |quote=The Bakharwal dog probably originated in Ladakh and was bred in the Pir Panjal Mountains, India, and it has been known as a working breed.}}</ref> While the Bakharwal Dog is mainly found in India, it is found in smaller numbers in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Rahi2017"/> | ||
A recent study says that this breed is on the verge of extinction and Bakerwal community has appealed to include this animal in the [[endangered species]] category. Of late, there were many cases when this mountain breed of dog contracted [[rabies]] or was shot by separatist militants.<ref name="HP2012"/><ref name="Bukhari2011">{{cite web |last1=Bukhari |first1=Shujaat |title=Fear of Bakerwali dog going extinct |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fear-of-bakerwali-dog-going-extinct/article2630924.ece |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en |date=16 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="Paviter2018">{{cite web |title=The last of Bakharwal dogs |url=http://www.merinews.com/article/the-last-of-bakharwal-dogs/132804.shtml |publisher= | A recent study says that this breed is on the verge of extinction and Bakerwal community has appealed to include this animal in the [[endangered species]] category. Of late, there were many cases when this mountain breed of dog contracted [[rabies]] or was shot by separatist militants.<ref name="HP2012"/><ref name="Bukhari2011">{{cite web |last1=Bukhari |first1=Shujaat |title=Fear of Bakerwali dog going extinct |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fear-of-bakerwali-dog-going-extinct/article2630924.ece |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en |date=16 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="Paviter2018">{{cite web |title=The last of Bakharwal dogs |url=http://www.merinews.com/article/the-last-of-bakharwal-dogs/132804.shtml |publisher=Merinews |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en |date=20 April 2018 |quote=But, since 1990 a steep decline in number of Bakharwal shepherded dogs was found as hundreds of dogs were killed during insurgency in the higher regions of the state.}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File: | [[File:Image of bakarwal dog.jpg|thumb|bakarwal female]] | ||
The origin of the Bakharwal Dog lies in [[Ladakh]], [[northern India]], and found in the states of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name=smartcanine>{{cite web |title=Bakharwal Dog: Stubborn, Fierce, and Fluffy – Complete Guide to the Himalayan Mastiff |url=https://thesmartcanine.com/dog-breeds/bakharwal-dog/ |publisher=The Smart Canine |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en|quote=The Bakharwal dog is one of the most fascinating dog breeds originating from Northern India.}}</ref><ref name="HP2012">{{cite web |title=Kashmir's Bakharwal dog could be gone in four years |url=http://hillpost.in/2012/04/kashmirs-bakharwal-dog-could-be-gone-in-four-years/44338/ |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en |date=26 April 2012|quote=Over the centuries the Bakharwal mastiff has become a legendary animal in the state, known for its loyalty and fierce guardian spirit. The Bakharwal dog is an ancient breed that has been bred by nomadic Gujjar and Bakharwal shepherds in Jammu and Kashmir for centuries.}}</ref> It has been bred by the [[Gujjar]] and [[Bakerwal]] castes, as well as other local people of Jammu and Kashmir and [[Himachal Pradesh]], for the purpose of guarding their flocks of goats, sheep and cattle, along with their houses, from centuries.<ref name="HP2012"/> The Bakharwal Dog may be descended from crossbreeding the [[Tibetan Mastiff]] with the [[Indian pariah dog]], though other scholars state that the Bakharwal Dog is the "oldest Indian Dog which since centuries has been surviving with the Gujjar tribe."<ref name="Rahi2017">{{cite web |last1=Rahi |first1=Javaid |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/article/news.aspx?story_id=246476&catid=12&mid=53&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1|title=A rare breed|publisher=[[Greater Kashmir]] |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en |date=14 April 2017}}</ref> | |||
The Bakharwal Dog has been targeted by [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|separatist militants]] in the erstwhile Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, who shot the dogs to prevent them from alerting people of their intrusion.<ref name="Paviter2018"/><ref name="HP2012"/> These separatist militants prevented herdsmen from going to higher reaches, which caused many Bakharwal Dogs to catch disease and die.<ref name="HP2012"/> | |||
The Bakharwal Dog has been targeted by [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|separatist militants]] in the erstwhile Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, who shot the dogs to prevent them from alerting people of their intrusion.<ref name="Paviter2018"/><ref name="HP2012"/> These separatist militants prevented herdsmen from going to higher reaches, which caused many Bakharwal Dogs to catch disease and die.<ref name="HP2012"/> | |||
While the Bakharwal Dog is mainly found in India, it is found in smaller numbers in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Rahi2017"/> | While the Bakharwal Dog is mainly found in India, it is found in smaller numbers in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Rahi2017"/> | ||
==General appearance== | ==General appearance== | ||
Bakarwal is a powerful, heavy bone, medium to large size dog. It is an agile and a sturdy breed, a typical mountain dog with a furry coat and plumy tail that gives it a majestic look. It looks like a medium version of [[Tibetan Mastiff]]. It is mostly in black colour with white at toes and chest. The dog has a vegetarian appetite that mainly includes bread made of rice chaff, maize and milk.<ref name="Rahi2017"/> Common colours are black and tan, red, fawn, pied, sable, white and brindle.<ref name="Rahi2017"/> | Bakarwal is divided into two categories namely general Bakarwal and Ladakhi Bakarwal. Bakarwal is a powerful, heavy bone, medium to large size dog. It is an agile and a sturdy breed, a typical mountain dog with a furry coat and plumy tail that gives it a majestic look. It looks like a medium version of [[Tibetan Mastiff]]. It is mostly in black colour with white at toes and chest. The dog has a vegetarian appetite that mainly includes bread made of rice chaff, maize and milk.<ref name="Rahi2017"/> Common colours are black and tan, red, fawn, pied, sable, white and brindle.<ref name="Rahi2017"/> | ||
Bakarwal bitches produce a litter once in a year, with 3-4 pups.<ref name=smartcanine/> | Bakarwal bitches produce a litter once in a year, with 3-4 pups.<ref name=smartcanine/> | ||
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The Bakharwal Dog, along with the [[Gaddi Kutta]], is particularly used for guarding sheep, protecting farms and homes in [[Himachal Pradesh]] as well as in Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="Desai2009">{{cite web |last1=Desai |first1=Shail |title=In the Himalayas, growing population of feral dogs poses threat to wildlife, humans |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/in-the-himalayas-growing-population-of-feral-dogs-poses-threat-to-wildlife-humans-6148741.html |publisher=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en |date=3 March 2009 |quote=While pursuing his PhD in the Pin Valley of Himachal Pradesh in the early 90s, Dr Yash Veer Bhatnagar, a scientist with the Nature Conservation Foundation (NCF), noticed some stray dogs belonging to the migratory herding communities, such as the Bakharwals and Gaddis, stay back in the winter, instead of moving back to the foothills with the flock of sheep and goats they were meant to protect.}}</ref> It is also used by the [[Indian Police Service|Indian Police]] in order to capture militants across the nation.<ref name="Demick2019">{{cite web |last1=Demick |first1=Danielle |title=All About The Bakharwal Dog Breed |url=https://allaboutmydogs.com/all-about-the-bakharwal-dog-breed/ |publisher=All About My Dogs |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> | The Bakharwal Dog, along with the [[Gaddi Kutta]], is particularly used for guarding sheep, protecting farms and homes in [[Himachal Pradesh]] as well as in Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="Desai2009">{{cite web |last1=Desai |first1=Shail |title=In the Himalayas, growing population of feral dogs poses threat to wildlife, humans |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/in-the-himalayas-growing-population-of-feral-dogs-poses-threat-to-wildlife-humans-6148741.html |publisher=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en |date=3 March 2009 |quote=While pursuing his PhD in the Pin Valley of Himachal Pradesh in the early 90s, Dr Yash Veer Bhatnagar, a scientist with the Nature Conservation Foundation (NCF), noticed some stray dogs belonging to the migratory herding communities, such as the Bakharwals and Gaddis, stay back in the winter, instead of moving back to the foothills with the flock of sheep and goats they were meant to protect.}}</ref> It is also used by the [[Indian Police Service|Indian Police]] in order to capture militants across the nation.<ref name="Demick2019">{{cite web |last1=Demick |first1=Danielle |title=All About The Bakharwal Dog Breed |url=https://allaboutmydogs.com/all-about-the-bakharwal-dog-breed/ |publisher=All About My Dogs |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Bakharwal Dogs, the mountain dogs are an ancient breed of working dogs found in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Scientists believe that these may be amongst the oldest herding dogs having origins in Central Asia. They are bred by nomadic tribes as a livestock guardian dog and settlement protector. Bakharwal Dog puppies between 8 and twelve weeks old need four meals daily. Bakharwal Dog puppies 3 to 6 months old should be fed 3 meals in a 24 hour period. Top-quality dry dog food ensures balanced nutrition to adult bakharwal dogs and may be mixed with water, canned food. Bakharwal Dogs must get some daily exercise to stay fit, recharge their brains, and maintain their health. Daily activity also really helps bakharwal dogs fight boredom, which often has the potential to lead to difficult behaviour. <ref name="Dogwithblog">{{cite web |last1=Joshi |first1=Abhishek |title=Bakharwal Dog Breed |url=https://dogwithblog.in/indian-dog-breeds/|publisher=Dogwithblog |access-date=17 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | Bakharwal Dogs, the mountain dogs are an ancient breed of working dogs found in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Scientists believe that these may be amongst the oldest herding dogs having origins in Central Asia. They are bred by nomadic tribes as a livestock guardian dog and settlement protector. Bakharwal Dog puppies between 8 and twelve weeks old need four meals daily. Bakharwal Dog puppies 3 to 6 months old should be fed 3 meals in a 24-hour period. Top-quality dry dog food ensures balanced nutrition to adult bakharwal dogs and may be mixed with water, canned food. Bakharwal Dogs must get some daily exercise to stay fit, recharge their brains, and maintain their health. Daily activity also really helps bakharwal dogs fight boredom, which often has the potential to lead to difficult behaviour.<ref name="Dogwithblog">{{cite web |last1=Joshi |first1=Abhishek |title=Bakharwal Dog Breed |url=https://dogwithblog.in/indian-dog-breeds/|publisher=Dogwithblog |access-date=17 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | |||
* [[Portal:Dogs|Dogs portal]] | |||
* [[List of dog breeds]] | |||
* [[List of dog breeds from India]] | |||
* [https://kombai.dog/bakharwal-dog/ Bakharwal Dog History and Insight] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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<ref name=Deshpande2020>{{cite book|last1=Deshpande|first1=Abhijeet Madhukar|title=Indian Dogs Pedigree Chart-The List of Indian Pedigree Dogs|year=2020|pages=5|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=CyfsDwAAQBAJ|page=5}}}}</ref> | <ref name=Deshpande2020>{{cite book|last1=Deshpande|first1=Abhijeet Madhukar|title=Indian Dogs Pedigree Chart-The List of Indian Pedigree Dogs|year=2020|pages=5|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=CyfsDwAAQBAJ|page=5}}}}</ref> | ||
<ref name=Latief2010>{{cite journal|last1=Latief|first1=Dar|last2=Adil|first2=Rashid|title=Bakerwal Dog, a livestock guarding dog in Jammu and Kashmir|journal=Livestock Line|volume=4|year=2010|pages=17–18|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272485079}}</ref> | <ref name=Latief2010>{{cite journal|last1=Latief|first1=Dar|last2=Adil|first2=Rashid|title=Bakerwal Dog, a livestock guarding dog in Jammu and Kashmir|journal=Livestock Line|volume=4|year=2010|pages=17–18|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272485079}}</ref> | ||
<ref name=Ranjitsinh1981>Ranjitsinh, M.K. (1981). Himalayan fauna. In. Lall, J.S. (Ed.) The Himalaya: Aspects of Change. Oxford University Press, New Delhi. pp. 64-76</ref> | <ref name=Ranjitsinh1981>Ranjitsinh, M.K. (1981). Himalayan fauna. In. Lall, J.S. (Ed.) The Himalaya: Aspects of Change. Oxford University Press, New Delhi. pp. 64-76</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||