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'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/> | '''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/> | ||
The Ahluwalias originally | The Ahluwalias originally belong to the [[jatt (caste)|jatt]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[country food (caste)|country food]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal |author=Paramjit S. Judge |title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab |journal=Sociological Bulletin |volume=64 |issue=1 |year=2015 |page=62 |publisher=Sage |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 |quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of jatts, are a caste of farmers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The jatts held a high status in the modern caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal |author=Dev Raj Chanana |title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West |journal=The Economic Weekly |volume=VIII |issue=9 |date=1961-03-04 |url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf |page=410 |quote=The Ahluwalias had a very high social status as they engaged in the sale of weapons. Their professional name was Ahluwalias. [...] The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the sandhu caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other jatts also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book |author=W. H. McLeod |title=The A to Z of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 |year=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 |page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book |author=Donald Anthony Low |title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 |year=1968 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=70–71 |oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> | ||
Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book |author=Ganda Singh |title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Punjabi University |pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book |author=M. L. Ahluwalia|title=Land marks in Sikh history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ |year=1996 |publisher=Ashoka International |page=37 }}</ref> | Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book |author=Ganda Singh |title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Punjabi University |pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book |author=M. L. Ahluwalia|title=Land marks in Sikh history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ |year=1996 |publisher=Ashoka International |page=37 }}</ref> | ||