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'''Phou Ningthou''' is a | {{Infobox deity | ||
| type = Meitei | |||
| name = Phou Ningthou | |||
| deity_of = God of agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, harvesting, paddy, rice<ref name="Krishna">Krishna, Nanditha (2014-05-15). Sacred Plants of India. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-691-5.</ref> | |||
| member_of = agricultural deities<ref name="Krishna"/> | |||
| image = PHOU NINGTHOU.jpg | |||
| alt = <!-- for alternate text of the title image per [[WP:ALT]] --> | |||
| caption = The divine name "Phou Ningthou", written in archaic Meitei Mayek abugida | |||
| other_names = Phouningthou | |||
| hiro = | |||
| Old_Norse = | |||
| script_name = | |||
| script = | |||
| affiliation = [[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]]) and [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]]) | |||
| cult_center = <!-- or | cult_centre = --> | |||
| abodes = agricultural fields or granaries | |||
| planet = <!-- or | world = --> | |||
| weapon = <!-- or | weapons = --> | |||
| battles = | |||
| artifacts = <!-- or | artefacts = --> | |||
| animals = | |||
| symbol = paddy plants | |||
| adherents = | |||
| height = | |||
| age = | |||
| tree = | |||
| day = | |||
| color = <!-- or | colour = --> | |||
| number = | |||
| consort = [[Phouoibi]] ([[Phouleima]])<ref name="Krishna"/> | |||
| parents = | |||
| siblings = | |||
| offspring = <!-- or | children = --> | |||
| predecessor = | |||
| successor = | |||
| army = | |||
| mount = | |||
| texts = [[PuYa]]s | |||
| gender = Male | |||
| Greek_equivalent = | |||
| Roman_equivalent = | |||
| Etruscan_equivalent = | |||
| Christian_equivalent = | |||
| Slavic_equivalent = | |||
| Hinduism_equivalent = | |||
| Canaanite_equivalent = | |||
| equivalent1_type = | |||
| equivalent1 = | |||
| equivalent2_type = | |||
| equivalent2 = | |||
| region = [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]]) | |||
| ethnic_group = [[Meitei ethnicity]] | |||
| festivals = [[Lai Haraoba]] | |||
}} | |||
{{Meitei deities}} | |||
'''Phou Ningthou''' is a deity in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]] ([[Sanamahism]]) of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]]). He is the God and the divine male personification of the agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, harvesting, paddy, rice and wealth.<ref name="Krishna"/><ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yyQoAQAAMAAJ&q=phouningthou+god|title=The Art of Rice: Spirit and Sustenance in Asia|last1=Hamilton|first1=Roy W.|last2=Ammayao|first2=Aurora|date=2003|publisher=UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History|isbn=978-0-930741-98-3|language=en}}</ref> He is the consort of [[Phouoibi]] ([[Phouleima]]), the goddess of crops and agricultural fertility.<ref name="Krishna"/><ref>Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.</ref><ref>Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.</ref><ref>Sanajaoba, Naorem (1993). Manipur: Treatise & Documents. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-399-5.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c276DwAAQBAJ&dq=phouoibi&pg=PT137|title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|last1=Meitei|first1=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=Sarit K.|last3=Arunkumar|first3=M. C.|date=2020-11-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-29637-2|language=en}}</ref> | |||
== | == Worship == | ||
{{ | Phou Ningthou is worshipped with [[Phouoibi]], the goddess of rice. Farmers prayed to the two deities for a doubling of the previous year's yield, after the harvest.<ref name="Krishna"/> | ||
'''Phoukourol (Phoukouron or Phougourol or Phougouron)''' is a sacred hymn to call the spirit of the paddy. It is generally sung during harvesting.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&q=Phoukourol+summoning+spirit+paddy|title=Folk Culture of Manipur|last=Singh|first=Moirangthem Kirti|date=1993|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=978-81-7049-063-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ&q=phoukouron+harvesting|title=A History of Manipuri Literature|last=Singh|first=Ch Manihar|date=1996|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0086-9|language=en}}</ref> It is done before the harvested crops are stored in the grain house.<ref name="Parratt 1980 93">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108375/page/93/mode/1up?q=Phou+kouba+threshing+rice+mishap+theft+burning+paddy+cow+trespasses+sareng+fish&view=theater|title=Religion Of Manipur|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|date=1980|publisher=Firma Klm|pages=93}}</ref> | |||
The '''Phou Kouba''' (calling the paddy/rice) ceremony is usually performed during mis-happenings to the farmers. Mis-happenings may be theft or burning of the paddy/rice, an animal like cow trespasses the threshing ground, etc. People perform the rites and rituals to induce the deity to stay at their places.<ref name="Parratt 1980 93"/> | |||
[[Wallago attu|Sareng fish (Wallago attu, helicopter catfish)]] with rice is the most important offering to the deity. It should be cooked with [[herb]]s and not with [[spices]].<ref name="Parratt 1980 93"/> | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
[[Category:Meitei gods and goddesses]] | |||
[[Category:Meitei mythology]] | |||
[[Category:Meitei folklore]] | |||