→Early life: Fixed year of birth from 1900 to 1902
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{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Jayaprakash Narayan | | name = Jayaprakash Narayan | ||
| birth_name = | | birth_name = | ||
| image = | | image = File:JPN57.webp | ||
| caption = | | caption = JP during his visit in Germany, c. 1959. | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1902|10|11}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1902|10|11}} | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|10|08|1902|10|11}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|10|08|1902|10|11}} | ||
| birth_place = | | birth_place = Sitab Diara, [[Saran district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (modern–day [[Bihar]], [[India]]) | ||
| death_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India | | death_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]] | ||
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]] | | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]] | ||
| occupation = {{hlist|Activist|theorist|politician}} | | occupation = {{hlist|Activist|theorist|politician}} | ||
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He came from a [[Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 |page=109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the 7th class of the collegiate school at Patna.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Scarfe, Allan |author2=Scarfe, Wendy |title=J. P., His Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IiKlr-AnUC&pg=PR9|year=1998|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1021-0|page=30}}</ref> This was his first break from village life. JP stayed at a student hostel—Saraswati Bhawan—in which most of the boys were a bit older. Among them were some of Bihar's future leaders including its first chief minister, [[Krishna Singh (politician)|Krishna Singh]], his deputy [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bhattacharjea, Ajit |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMcJAQAAIAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|page=33|isbn=9780836401158}}</ref> | He came from a [[Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 |page=109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father Harsu Dayal was a junior official in the Canal Department of the State government and was often touring the region. When Narayan was 9 years old, he left his village to enroll in the 7th class of the collegiate school at Patna.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Scarfe, Allan |author2=Scarfe, Wendy |title=J. P., His Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IiKlr-AnUC&pg=PR9|year=1998|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1021-0|page=30}}</ref> This was his first break from village life. JP stayed at a student hostel—Saraswati Bhawan—in which most of the boys were a bit older. Among them were some of Bihar's future leaders including its first chief minister, [[Krishna Singh (politician)|Krishna Singh]], his deputy [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] and several others who were to widely become known in politics and academic world.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bhattacharjea, Ajit |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMcJAQAAIAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|page=33|isbn=9780836401158}}</ref> | ||
In October | In October 1918, 18-year-old Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's 14-year-old daughter [[Prabhavati Devi]], a freedom fighter in her own right.,<ref name=Das2005p239 /> their ages being normal marriageable ages at those times. After their wedding, since Narayan was working in Patna and it was difficult for his wife to stay with him, on the invitation of [[Gandhi]], Prabhavati became an inmate at [[Sabarmati Ashram]] ([[Ahmedabad]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission |first=Das |last=Ratan |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7625-734-3 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdekxv8HsvMC&q=JayaPrakash%20Narayan%20children&pg=PA18}}</ref> Jayaprakash, along with some friends, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about the Non-co-operation movement launched by Gandhi against the passing of the [[Rowlatt Act]] of 1919. The Maulana was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies. That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being". Jayaprakash took the Maulana's words to heart and left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining for his examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by [[Rajendra Prasad]] and became among the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} | ||
=== Higher education in the United States === | === Higher education in the United States === | ||
After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Jayaprakash decided to continue studies in the [[United States]].<ref name=Das2005p239>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year= | After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Jayaprakash decided to continue studies in the [[United States]].<ref name=Das2005p239>{{cite book |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume |first=Sandip |last=Das |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-8324-001-7 |page=239 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9U0LiT3dtMC&pg=PA239 }}</ref> | ||
At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship ''Janus'' while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] in January 1923.<ref name="ie">{{cite news |last1=Chishti |first1=Seema |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/jayaprakash-narayan-emergency-congress-jp-movement-emergency-in-india-indira-gandhi-sampoorna-kranti-4884241/ |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=The India Express |date=11 October 2017}}</ref> To pay for his education, Jayaprakash picked grapes, set them out to dry, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, worked as a mechanic at a garage and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. All these jobs gave Jayaprakash an insight into the difficulties of the working class.<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/> | At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship ''Janus'' while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] in January 1923.<ref name="ie">{{cite news |last1=Chishti |first1=Seema |title=Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/jayaprakash-narayan-emergency-congress-jp-movement-emergency-in-india-indira-gandhi-sampoorna-kranti-4884241/ |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=The India Express |date=11 October 2017}}</ref> To pay for his education, Jayaprakash picked grapes, set them out to dry, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, worked as a mechanic at a garage and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. All these jobs gave Jayaprakash an insight into the difficulties of the working class.<ref name="indiatimes1"/><ref name="nytimes1975"/> | ||
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|date = 16 May 2001 | |date = 16 May 2001 | ||
|access-date = 2 January 2009 | |access-date = 2 January 2009 | ||
|url-status = | |url-status = usurped | ||
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090720063610/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/16/stories/05162523.htm | |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090720063610/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/05/16/stories/05162523.htm | ||
|archive-date = 20 July 2009 | |archive-date = 20 July 2009 | ||
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* The [[Patna airport]] | * The [[Patna airport]] | ||
* On 1 August 2015, the Chhapra-Delhi-Chhapra Weekly Express was renamed as [[Loknayak Express]] in his honour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|title=Blog Entry# 1555434|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018175621/http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|archive-date=18 October 2015|date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|access-date=1 August 2015|publisher=India Rail}}</ref> | * On 1 August 2015, the Chhapra-Delhi-Chhapra Weekly Express was renamed as [[Loknayak Express]] in his honour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|title=Blog Entry# 1555434|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018175621/http://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1555434|archive-date=18 October 2015|date=1 August 2015|url-status=live|access-date=1 August 2015|publisher=India Rail}}</ref> | ||
* [[Digha-Sonpur Bridge]], a rail-road bridge across river [[Ganga]] in [[Bihar]] | * [[Digha-Sonpur Bridge|JP Setu the Digha-Sonpur Bridge]], a rail-road bridge across river [[Ganga]] in [[Bihar]] | ||
*[[Jayaprakash Narayan Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Bangalore]]. | *[[Jayaprakash Narayan Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Bangalore]]. | ||
*[[Jayaprakash Nagar, Mysore|Jayaprakash Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Mysore]]. | *[[Jayaprakash Nagar, Mysore|Jayaprakash Nagar]] (JP Nagar) a residential area in [[Mysore]]. | ||