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| coor_pinpoint = Sitapur | | coor_pinpoint = Sitapur | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name = India | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
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A few parganas would be established later: for example, Mahmudabad was split off from Fatehpur, during the reign of Jahangir, and Kondri was formed out of Sailuk in 1739, during the reign of [[Saadat Khan I]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Aurangabad pargana, originally part of Nimkhar, was split off by the taluqdars Muhammad Bakhsh and Qutb Muhammad several generations after the town's foundation in 1670.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> | A few parganas would be established later: for example, Mahmudabad was split off from Fatehpur, during the reign of Jahangir, and Kondri was formed out of Sailuk in 1739, during the reign of [[Saadat Khan I]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Aurangabad pargana, originally part of Nimkhar, was split off by the taluqdars Muhammad Bakhsh and Qutb Muhammad several generations after the town's foundation in 1670.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> | ||
The basic administrative setup, though, remained intact until the reign of [[Asaf-ud-Daula]] in the late 1700s.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Under the later Mughal emperors and then the | The basic administrative setup, though, remained intact until the reign of [[Asaf-ud-Daula]] in the late 1700s.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Under the later Mughal emperors and then the Nawabs of Awadh, Khairabad remained a relatively unimportant command, rarely mentioned in contemporary sources.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> It was not a very prestigious posting — when [[Safdar Jang]] appointed his subject Hidayat Ali Khan as [[faujdar]] of Khairabad, Hidayat Ali Khan was less than enthusiastic.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Later, Asaf-ud-Daula divided his country into various ''[[Chakla (administrative division)|chaklas]]'' and [[nizamat|''nizamats'']]; the three ''chaklas'' that included areas of Sitapur district were [[Muhamdi]], Khairabad, and Bari-Biswan.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> | ||
After the British annexed Awadh in 1856, they selected Sitapur to serve as the headquarters of a new district in Khairabad division.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The area between the [[Chauka (river)|Chauka]] and [[Ghaghra]] rivers briefly formed a separate district based at [[Mallanpur]], which was part of [[Bahraich Division]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> It was decided before the [[1857 uprising]] to abolish Mallanpur district, but it was not carried out until 1858 after the end of the conflict, and the parts south of the [[Dahawar]] were annexed to Sitapur.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> | After the British annexed Awadh in 1856, they selected Sitapur to serve as the headquarters of a new district in Khairabad division.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The area between the [[Chauka (river)|Chauka]] and [[Ghaghra]] rivers briefly formed a separate district based at [[Mallanpur]], which was part of [[Bahraich Division]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> It was decided before the [[1857 uprising]] to abolish Mallanpur district, but it was not carried out until 1858 after the end of the conflict, and the parts south of the [[Dahawar]] were annexed to Sitapur.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> | ||
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=== Drainage === | === Drainage === | ||
The monotony of featureless plain of upper [[Ganga]] valley is preserved throughout the district. At places this monotony is broken by Small River like [[Kathana]], [[Sarayan river|Sarayan]] and [[Gomti River|Gomati]]. Sandy stretches are found along the rivers and locally known as | The monotony of featureless plain of upper [[Ganga]] valley is preserved throughout the district. At places this monotony is broken by Small River like [[Kathana]], [[Sarayan river|Sarayan]] and [[Gomti River|Gomati]]. Sandy stretches are found along the rivers and locally known as {{Transl|hi|bhur}}''s''. the region in general is a part of well integrated system of the river Ganga. Gomti is the most important tributary flows in the eastern part of the district and engulfs above mentioned small rivers. Ghaghara forms the eastern boundary of the district. There are five rivers flowing through the district of Sitapur: Gomti, Kathana, Pirai, Sarayan, Ghaghra and [[Sharda River|Sharda]]. | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
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=== Climate === | === Climate === | ||
The gradual rise in temperature starts in the months of February and becomes more rapid by March and April unless checked by more humid easterlies. The local hot and gusty winds, locally known as | The gradual rise in temperature starts in the months of February and becomes more rapid by March and April unless checked by more humid easterlies. The local hot and gusty winds, locally known as {{Transl|hi|loo}}, result in hot and scorching weather. The condition is aggravated further by presence of meager relative humidity (40%). The district of the study does not show much influence of Himalaya which otherwise tend to lower the temperatures in the places nearby as in the case of [[Meerut]] and Gonda. | ||
The pre-monsoon showers are meager and this along with low humidity accentuates the impact of | The pre-monsoon showers are meager and this along with low humidity accentuates the impact of {{Transl|hi|loo}} which at times changes into heat waves with exceptionally high temperature. The rainy season commences in the latter half of the June at different dates which are too difficult to be predicted. It brings relief to the people by lowering the temperatures up to 30°c. The rainfall decreases southward and westward in the region. There is a dominance of Bay of Bengal currents. This season comes to an end by October with a sudden fall in temperature and amount of rainfall. Soon after the winter conditions settle in at times cold waves and westerly disturb the general monotony of the winters. The showers due to western depressions are very useful for the {{Transl|hi|rabi}} crop in the region. The average rainfall in the study area varies between 105 cm to 150 cm. | ||
== Political and administrative divisions == | == Political and administrative divisions == | ||
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== Demographics == | == Demographics == | ||
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=11,80,506|13=1911|14=11,44,011|15=1921|16=10,94,581|17=1931|18=11,72,580|19=1941|20=12,99,494|21=1951|22=13,86,918|23=1961|24=16,08,057|25=1971|26=18,84,400|27=1981|28=23,37,284|29=1991|30=28,57,009|31=2001|32=36,19,661|33=2011|34=44,83,992|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}As of 2011 India census, Sitapur district has population of 4,483,992 of which male and female are 2,375,264 and 2,108,728 respectively. District Sitapur ranks 8th in terms of population in Uttar Pradesh. The density of Sitapur district for 2011 is 781 people per km<sup>2</sup>. In 2001, it was about 630 people per km<sup>2</sup>. Sitapur town/city has a population of 1,77,351. Males constitute 52.67% of the population and females 47.41%. Sitapur has an average literacy rate of 61%, lower than the national average of 74.04%. Female literacy is about 50%. In Sitapur, 16.6% of the population was under 6 years of age. Sitapur has a sex ratio of 888 females per 1000 males.There are 801,764 households in the district accounting for 2.4 percent of the total households in the state. The average size of households in the district is 5.6 persons. | {{historical populations|11=1901|12=11,80,506|13=1911|14=11,44,011|15=1921|16=10,94,581|17=1931|18=11,72,580|19=1941|20=12,99,494|21=1951|22=13,86,918|23=1961|24=16,08,057|25=1971|26=18,84,400|27=1981|28=23,37,284|29=1991|30=28,57,009|31=2001|32=36,19,661|33=2011|34=44,83,992|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}As of 2011 India census, Sitapur district has population of 4,483,992 of which male and female are 2,375,264 and 2,108,728 respectively. District Sitapur ranks 8th in terms of population in Uttar Pradesh. The density of Sitapur district for 2011 is 781 people per km<sup>2</sup>. In 2001, it was about 630 people per km<sup>2</sup>. Sitapur town/city has a population of 1,77,351. Males constitute 52.67% of the population and females 47.41%. Sitapur has an average literacy rate of 61%, lower than the national average of 74.04%. Female literacy is about 50%. In Sitapur, 16.6% of the population was under 6 years of age. Sitapur has a sex ratio of 888 females per 1000 males. There are 801,764 households in the district accounting for 2.4 percent of the total households in the state. The average size of households in the district is 5.6 persons. | ||
=== Urbanization === | === Urbanization === | ||
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As far as industries are concerned, most of them are based on raw agricultural products. Plywood, sugar, paper, rice, flour mills are scattered all over the district. There are several sugar mills, mostly owned by private firms. The only cooperative sugar mill in the town of Maholi closed down a few years ago due to loss. | As far as industries are concerned, most of them are based on raw agricultural products. Plywood, sugar, paper, rice, flour mills are scattered all over the district. There are several sugar mills, mostly owned by private firms. The only cooperative sugar mill in the town of Maholi closed down a few years ago due to loss. | ||
=== Sugar | === Sugar mills === | ||
There are several sugar mills in the district. | There are several sugar mills in the district. | ||
==== Hargaon | ==== Hargaon sugar mill ==== | ||
Located in the heart of [[Hargaon]] town, it is also known as the [[Oudh]] Sugar Mills Limited (OSML). It belongs to the renowned [[Krishna Kumar Birla|K.K. Birla]] Group of Sugar Companies. It has a crushing capacity of about 10,000 tonnes of sugarcane per day. It also produces 100 kiloliter per day industrial alcohol/ethanol in its distillery and 15 MW electricity using its co-gen power plant.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.birla-sugar.com/About-Oudh-Sugar-Mills-Ltd|title = Birla Sugar|access-date = 9 January 2015|website = The Oudh Sugar Mills Ltd.}}</ref> | Located in the heart of [[Hargaon]] town, it is also known as the [[Oudh]] Sugar Mills Limited (OSML). It belongs to the renowned [[Krishna Kumar Birla|K.K. Birla]] Group of Sugar Companies. It has a crushing capacity of about 10,000 tonnes of sugarcane per day. It also produces 100 kiloliter per day industrial alcohol/ethanol in its distillery and 15 MW electricity using its co-gen power plant.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.birla-sugar.com/About-Oudh-Sugar-Mills-Ltd|title = Birla Sugar|access-date = 9 January 2015|website = The Oudh Sugar Mills Ltd.}}</ref> | ||
==== Ramgarh | ==== Ramgarh sugar mill ==== | ||
Also known as Dalmia Chini Mill, it was the first sugar plant of [[Dalmia Group]] established in the year 1994 in the village Ramgarh which is approximately 40 kilometers from the district headquarter in Sitapur town. This plant has a cane crushing capacity of 7500 tonnes of sugarcane per day and an installed generation capacity of 25 MW. The mill started its first cane crushing on 28 December 1994 to manufacture plantation white sugar, using the double sulphitation process. It also has co-generation facility. The export of electricity started in October 2007. Co-generation takes place only during crushing season simultaneously with production of white sugar.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dalmiasugar.com/?act=cms-page&cat_id=16&id=58|title = Ramgarh|website = Dalmia Bharat Sugar}}</ref> | Also known as Dalmia Chini Mill, it was the first sugar plant of [[Dalmia Group]] established in the year 1994 in the village Ramgarh which is approximately 40 kilometers from the district headquarter in Sitapur town. This plant has a cane crushing capacity of 7500 tonnes of sugarcane per day and an installed generation capacity of 25 MW. The mill started its first cane crushing on 28 December 1994 to manufacture plantation white sugar, using the double sulphitation process. It also has co-generation facility. The export of electricity started in October 2007. Co-generation takes place only during crushing season simultaneously with production of white sugar.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dalmiasugar.com/?act=cms-page&cat_id=16&id=58|title = Ramgarh|website = Dalmia Bharat Sugar}}</ref> | ||
==== Jawaharpur | ==== Jawaharpur sugar mill ==== | ||
Apart from the unit at Ramgarh village, Dalmia Group in 2007 set up another unit in a village near [[Ramkot, Uttar Pradesh|Ramkot]] town which is only 14 kilometers away from Sitapur on the Sitapur-[[Hardoi district|Hardoi]] Road. The Jawaharpur sugar factory unit has a cane crushing capacity of 100000 tonnes of sugarcane per day and co-gen capacity of 27 MW. It also has a distillery capacity of 80 kiloliter per day.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dalmiasugar.com/?act=cms-page&cat_id=16&id=60|title = Jawaharpur|website = Dalmia Bharat Sugar}}</ref> | Apart from the unit at Ramgarh village, Dalmia Group in 2007 set up another unit in a village near [[Ramkot, Uttar Pradesh|Ramkot]] town which is only 14 kilometers away from Sitapur on the Sitapur-[[Hardoi district|Hardoi]] Road. The Jawaharpur sugar factory unit has a cane crushing capacity of 100000 tonnes of sugarcane per day and co-gen capacity of 27 MW. It also has a distillery capacity of 80 kiloliter per day.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dalmiasugar.com/?act=cms-page&cat_id=16&id=60|title = Jawaharpur|website = Dalmia Bharat Sugar}}</ref> | ||
==== Biswan | ==== Biswan sugar factory ==== | ||
The Seksaria Sugar Factory, a private limited company composed of members of the Seksaria family, located in Biswan town. It was established in 1939. | The Seksaria Sugar Factory, a private limited company composed of members of the Seksaria family, located in Biswan town. It was established in 1939. | ||
==== Mahmudabad | ==== Mahmudabad sugar mill ==== | ||
The Kisan Sahkari Chini Mills Limited, Mahmudabad was established under U.P. Cooperative Societies Act, 1965 and its first crushing season was 1982–83. The factory is situated at Mahmoodabad Tehsil of Sitapur District and its present crushing capacity is {{convert|2750|tonne}} of sugarcane per day.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://ifciltd.com/DesktopModules/Notifications/UploadFile/634363150364531250Mahumadabad.pdf|title = Expression of Interest cum Request for Qualification Invitation|date = 2009|access-date = 9 January 2015|website = The Industrial Finance Corporation of India}}</ref> | The Kisan Sahkari Chini Mills Limited, Mahmudabad was established under U.P. Cooperative Societies Act, 1965 and its first crushing season was 1982–83. The factory is situated at Mahmoodabad Tehsil of Sitapur District and its present crushing capacity is {{convert|2750|tonne}} of sugarcane per day.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://ifciltd.com/DesktopModules/Notifications/UploadFile/634363150364531250Mahumadabad.pdf|title = Expression of Interest cum Request for Qualification Invitation|date = 2009|access-date = 9 January 2015|website = The Industrial Finance Corporation of India}}</ref> | ||
==== Kamlapur | ==== Kamlapur sugar mill ==== | ||
The Kamlapur mill in has a capacity of crushing 4,000 tonne of sugar cane a day and also a 6 MW power generating plant. | The Kamlapur mill in has a capacity of crushing 4,000 tonne of sugar cane a day and also a 6 MW power generating plant. | ||
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[[File:National Highway 24.jpg|alt=राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग २४|thumb|213x213px|National Highway 24|left]] | [[File:National Highway 24.jpg|alt=राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग २४|thumb|213x213px|National Highway 24|left]] | ||
=== Rail | === Rail network === | ||
The district is traversed by broad gauge train network connecting [[Gorakhpur]] and [[Delhi]] via Gonda, Burhwal, bypassing Lucknow and Hardoi. The major towns of the district Sidhauli, Mishrikh, Maholi, Hargaon, Biswan, Mahmudabad etc.are well connected with rails. Tamabur-Ahmedabad is not connected with rails. Broad Gauge conversion from [[Lucknow division|Lucknow]] to | The district is traversed by broad gauge train network connecting [[Gorakhpur]] and [[Delhi]] via Gonda, Burhwal, bypassing Lucknow and Hardoi. The major towns of the district Sidhauli, Mishrikh, Maholi, Hargaon, Biswan, Mahmudabad etc.are well connected with rails. Tamabur-Ahmedabad is not connected with rails. Broad Gauge conversion from [[Lucknow division|Lucknow]] to Sitapur and Mailani has been completed and Lucknow to Sitapur commenced on 09-Jan-2019. | ||
=== Road | === Road network === | ||
[[File:An example of rural roads.jpg|thumb|219x219px|An example of rural roads that connect villages with major district roads (MDRs).]] | [[File:An example of rural roads.jpg|thumb|219x219px|An example of rural roads that connect villages with major district roads (MDRs).]] | ||
Towns and villages within the district are now well linked through major district roads (MDR) and metaled rural roads. Most of the roads are in good condition. The [[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway No. 24]] (Lucknow - Delhi) passes from the heart of Sitapur district. This highway is open to public. | Towns and villages within the district are now well-linked through major district roads (MDR) and metaled rural roads. Most of the roads are in good condition. The [[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway No. 24]] (Lucknow - Delhi) passes from the heart of Sitapur district. This highway is open to public. | ||
=== Nearest | === Nearest airport === | ||
Sitapur does not have any airport of its own. [[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport]], Lucknow is the nearest airport. It takes almost an hour and a half to reach Sitapur by car. | Sitapur does not have any airport of its own. [[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport]], Lucknow is the nearest airport. It takes almost an hour and a half to reach Sitapur by car. | ||
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Eye Hospital is also located in the Civil Lines of Sitapur city. Its roots go back 1926 when a doctor, Dr. M. P. Mehre, opened a dispensary in the town of Khairabad. By 1939, the dispensary had become famous in United Province for the treatment of eye diseases. Later on, in 1943, Sitapur Eye Hospital Trust was established, The Central Government gave 11 acres of land free of cost. By the end of 1945, the hospital had shifted to Sitapur from Khairabad.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Sitapur Eye Hospital|url = http://www.sitapureyehospital.org/history.html|website = www.sitapureyehospital.org|access-date = 2016-02-07}}</ref> | Eye Hospital is also located in the Civil Lines of Sitapur city. Its roots go back 1926 when a doctor, Dr. M. P. Mehre, opened a dispensary in the town of Khairabad. By 1939, the dispensary had become famous in United Province for the treatment of eye diseases. Later on, in 1943, Sitapur Eye Hospital Trust was established, The Central Government gave 11 acres of land free of cost. By the end of 1945, the hospital had shifted to Sitapur from Khairabad.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Sitapur Eye Hospital|url = http://www.sitapureyehospital.org/history.html|website = www.sitapureyehospital.org|access-date = 2016-02-07}}</ref> | ||
=== Rural | === Rural healthcare system === | ||
There are 19 | There are 19 community health centers, 61 primary health centers and 468 health sub-centers in the district. Additionally, there are many government [[homeopathic]] hospitals and government [[Ayurvedic]]/[[Unani medicine|Unani]] hospitals located in rural areas of the district.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} | ||
== Historical places == | == Historical places == | ||
According to Hindu mythology, Puranas were written by Rishi Ved Vyas at Vyas Gaddi in modern-day Naimisharanya. Sitapur is one of the five sacred places the Hindus have to visit in their Panch Dham Yatra journey. Misrikh, near Naimisharanya, holds its religious significance due to the belief that Maharshi Dadhichi donated his bones to Devatas for making Vajras. | According to Hindu mythology, Puranas were written by Rishi Ved Vyas at Vyas Gaddi in modern-day Naimisharanya. Sitapur is one of the five sacred places the Hindus have to visit in their Panch Dham Yatra journey. Misrikh, near Naimisharanya, holds its religious significance due to the belief that Maharshi Dadhichi donated his bones to Devatas for making Vajras. | ||
* | * Mishrikh is a religious place {{cvt|10|km}} from Namisharanya. Maharishi Dadhichi Asharam and Sitakund are holy pilgrimage of this place. | ||
* | * Namisharanya is a centre of religious and knowledge. There are 30,000 religious sites here.{{Citation needed|date = June 2008}} Some important holy places at Namisharanya are as follows: | ||
** | **Suraj Kund Temple is near to Nawab Nagar, Akabarpur, a famous temple of SHIV JI, Bajrang Bali | ||
** | ** Pachhakhare BABA is near to Nyamupur Kalan, a famous temple of [[Shiva|Shiv]], [[Hanuman]], and [[Durga]]. Om Sai Dham, Gayatri Mandir is also famous at Nyamupur. | ||
** | ** Chakratirth is the holiest in the [[Naimisharanya]]. It is said that Lord Vishnu's chakra fell on this pious land and created a round ''kund''{{Definition needed|date=September 2021}} which is named [[Naimisaranya|Chakra Tirth]]. | ||
** | ** Goshai Baba: (Khairullapur) | ||
** | ** Lalita Devi Temple is one of the Shaktipeeths. | ||
** | ** Panch Prayag: This pond is situated near the Lalita Devi temple. | ||
** | ** Hanuman Gharhi: This is near Lalita Devi temple. | ||
** | ** Manu Shatroopa Temple: This is situated near Vyas Gaddi. | ||
** | ** Dev Puri: This is situated near Railway Station. | ||
** | ** Tirupati Mandir: This is situated near Dev Puri. | ||
** | ** Aanand Bhawan: It has 18 Upnishad and Purans kept. | ||
** | ** Shyamnathan Mandir: This Shiv Temple was built 300–400 years ago{{Citation needed|date = June 2008}} in old Sitapur City (Munshiganj). The temple has the Nagar style of temple architecture. | ||
** | ** Vyas Gaddi is located near sitapur in Mishrikh tehseel where [[Rishi]] [[Vyasa|Vyas]] divided [[Vedas]] into four parts. | ||
** | ** Jangli Nath Baba is located near Police Line crossing. It is a temple of [[Shiva]]. | ||
* | * [[Khairabad, Sitapur|Khairabad]]: A small town famous for its Sufi heritage. Dargah bade Maqdoom saheb is one of them. Imaambara Makka jamadaar, ghuyya Tali, Imam bara Aaga Ali, Niazia school, Pakka bagh, Dargah chote Maqdoom and Dargah Hafiz Mohd. Ali shah.{{Clarify|reason=poor grammar/wording|date=September 2021}} | ||
* | * Karam court: The place where the famous badminton player [[Karam Gopichand]] practiced badminton in the early years of his career. Now people is visiting this place to start their 'Vidyarambha' in Badminton. People collect the soil where Karam's footprints were once made. He is now practising in the [[Tampines]] stadium in [[Singapore]]. Sitapur is more famous by its alias 'Karamgrad' among Russians. | ||
* Shivshakti Mandir in Jogapur, Thangaon | * Shivshakti Mandir in Jogapur, Thangaon | ||
* | * [[Sidhauli]] has a famous ancient Lord Shiva temple. | ||
And many more temples in the villages in the district where annual fairs are organised. | And many more temples in the villages in the district where annual fairs are organised. | ||
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* [[Todar Mal|Raja Todar Mal]], finance minister and one of the [[Navaratna|Navratn]] in Emperor Akbar's court | * [[Todar Mal|Raja Todar Mal]], finance minister and one of the [[Navaratna|Navratn]] in Emperor Akbar's court | ||
* [[Wajahat Mirza]], screenwriter and film director, won Filmfare awards for Mughal-e-Azam and Ganga Jamuna | * [[Wajahat Mirza]], screenwriter and film director, won Filmfare awards for Mughal-e-Azam and Ganga Jamuna | ||
* | * Dr. Ganesh Dutt Saraswat, Doctorate in Hindi Literature,<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/266590|hdl=10603/266590|title=Janpad sitapur ki ram kavya parampara|journal=University|last1=Awasthi|first1=Mridula}}</ref> Renewed poet and author <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sitapur.nic.in/famous-personalities/|title = Famous Personalities | District Sitapur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India}}</ref> | ||
*[[Mahesh Prasad Mehray]], Padma Vibhushan, founder of [[Sitapur Eye Hospital]] | *[[Mahesh Prasad Mehray]], Padma Vibhushan, founder of [[Sitapur Eye Hospital]] | ||
*[[Narottam Das]], poet | *[[Narottam Das]], poet | ||