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==History== | ==History== | ||
As the [[British Empire]] started colonizing countries in [[Asia]] and [[Africa]], they brought resources and technology to comfort themselves — thereby seeding a big [[industrial revolution]]. To move the harvested and manufactured goods from one place to another, railway transportation brought bigger changes. Simultaneously, the colonists came forward to provide education for the members and staffs working in the railway. And thus started mushrooming of such schools: Wherever railway lines were laid, stations were opened and railway factories and workshops were established. In the late 1850s, these schools were part of larger railway colonies in which schools, leisure facilities, and domestic spaces were created for the residing Europeans to enjoy middle-class life. | As the [[British Empire]] started colonizing countries in [[Asia]] and [[Africa]], they brought resources and technology to comfort themselves — thereby seeding a big [[industrial revolution]]. To move the harvested and manufactured goods from one place to another, railway transportation brought bigger changes. Simultaneously, the colonists came forward to provide education for the members and staffs working in the railway. And thus started mushrooming of such schools: Wherever railway lines were laid, stations were opened and railway factories and workshops were established. In the late 1850s, these schools were part of larger railway colonies in which schools, leisure facilities, and domestic spaces were created for the residing Europeans to enjoy middle-class life. | ||
One of the earliest railway colonies was in [[Jamalpur, Bihar]]. In this colony, European "Children were educated for future employment or to be railway wives at a primary level in the local school."<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Bear|first=Laura Gbah|date=1994 | One of the earliest railway colonies was in [[Jamalpur, Bihar]]. In this colony, European "Children were educated for future employment or to be railway wives at a primary level in the local school."<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Bear|first=Laura Gbah |author-link=Laura Bear |date=December 1994|title=Miscegenations of modernity: constructing european respectability and race in the Indian railway colony, 1857-1931|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09612029400200069|journal=Women's History Review|language=en|volume=3|issue=4|pages=531–548|doi=10.1080/09612029400200069|issn=0961-2025}}</ref> One of the earliest railway schools was Oak Grove School at Jharipani, Mussoorie in India. In [[Tamil Nadu]], railway schools were built between 1890 and the 1900s for children of British railway employees. Most were built following Victorian-style architecture. With the constant expansion of the railway network, such schools were established across the country. The schools were later opened to non-railway people.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/specials/2018/may/02/uncertain-future-for-6800-kids-as-railway-schools-in-tamil-nadu-told-to-shut-class-1808990.html|title=Uncertain future for 6,800 kids as railway schools in Tamil Nadu told to shut class|last=Anbuselvan|first=B|date=2 May 2018|work=New Indian Express|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> | ||
On 30 April 2018, India's Southern Railway announced that it was shutting down all of its railway schools.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/all-9-schools-under-southern-railway-to-be-closed-down/articleshow/63979252.cms|title=All 9 schools under Southern Railway to be closed down |last=Kumar|first=Sampath|date=1 May 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> The decision would affect 6,800 students in eight schools in Tamil Nadu and one school in [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]], [[Kerala]].<ref name=":0" /> On 16 May 2018, Southern Railway issued an announcement that railway schools may continue to admit students. Some of the schools were allowed to operate with conditions that classes included 15 to 20 wards of railway employees.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/southern-railway-allows-admission-in-its-schools/article23922319.ece|title=Southern Railway allows admission in its schools|date=18 May 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=1 June 2018|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/railway-does-u-turn-gives-green-signal-to-run-schools/articleshow/64212580.cms|title=Railway does U-turn, gives green signal to run schools|last=Arockiaraj|first=D Vincent|date=18 May 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> | On 30 April 2018, India's Southern Railway announced that it was shutting down all of its railway schools.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/all-9-schools-under-southern-railway-to-be-closed-down/articleshow/63979252.cms|title=All 9 schools under Southern Railway to be closed down |last=Kumar|first=Sampath|date=1 May 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> The decision would affect 6,800 students in eight schools in Tamil Nadu and one school in [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]], [[Kerala]].<ref name=":0" /> On 16 May 2018, Southern Railway issued an announcement that railway schools may continue to admit students. Some of the schools were allowed to operate with conditions that classes included 15 to 20 wards of railway employees.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/southern-railway-allows-admission-in-its-schools/article23922319.ece|title=Southern Railway allows admission in its schools|date=18 May 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=1 June 2018|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/railway-does-u-turn-gives-green-signal-to-run-schools/articleshow/64212580.cms|title=Railway does U-turn, gives green signal to run schools|last=Arockiaraj|first=D Vincent|date=18 May 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> | ||
== Criticisms == | == Criticisms == | ||
Some have criticized the railway schools created by the British as a way to separate British people, culture, and ways of life from Indian culture and influence. Some historians and philosophers ([[Michel Foucault]]) have criticized these schools and colonies as sites that intended to "other" Indians and Indian culture by emphasizing national, racial, and class differences.<ref name=":1" /> The construction of these railway colonies and schools was described by [[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie]] as one of the "three great engines of social improvement," that would impact "every other improvement whatever, both physical and moral." <ref name=":1" /> | Some have criticized the railway schools created by the British as a way to separate British people, culture, and ways of life from Indian culture and influence. Some historians and philosophers ([[Michel Foucault]]) have criticized these schools and colonies as sites that intended to "other" Indians and Indian culture by emphasizing national, racial, and class differences.<ref name=":1" /> The construction of these railway colonies and schools was described by [[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie]] as one of the "three great engines of social improvement," that would impact "every other improvement whatever, both physical and moral."<ref name=":1" /> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1873]] | [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1873]] | ||
[[Category:1873 establishments in India]] | [[Category:1873 establishments in India]] | ||