16,952
edits
m
clean up
>Dhruveston |
CleanupBot (talk | contribs) m (clean up) |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
== First indenture == | == First indenture == | ||
[[File:Newly arrived coolies in Trinidad.jpg|thumb|250px|Newly arrived indentured labourers from India in Trinidad]] | [[File:Newly arrived coolies in Trinidad.jpg|thumb|250px|Newly arrived indentured labourers from India in Trinidad]] | ||
[[File:Visual Art of the first indentured Indian labourers arriving in Mauritius (1834).jpg | thumb | 220x124px | right | Modern painting by Mauritian artist Raouf Oderuth, portraying the first Indian workers seeing the island from a ship in 1834]] | [[File:Visual Art of the first indentured Indian labourers arriving in Mauritius (1834).jpg | thumb|220x124px | right | Modern painting by Mauritian artist Raouf Oderuth, portraying the first Indian workers seeing the island from a ship in 1834]] | ||
[[File:Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore.jpg|thumb|Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore]] | [[File:Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore.jpg|thumb|Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore]] | ||
[[File:Plaques of Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore.jpg|thumb|Plaques of Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore]] | [[File:Plaques of Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore.jpg|thumb|Plaques of Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore]] | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
There were a lot of discrepancies between systems used for indentured Colonial British Indian labour to various colonies. Colonial British Government regulations of 1864 made general provisions for recruitment of Indian labour in an attempt to minimise abuse of the system. These included the appearance of the recruit before a magistrate in the district of recruitment and not the port of embarkation, licensing of recruiters and penalties to recruiters for not observing rules for recruitment, legally defined rules for the Protector of Emigrants, rules for the depots, payment for agents to be by salary and not commission, the treatment of emigrants on board ships and the proportion of females to males were set uniformly to 25 females to 100 males. Despite this the sugar colonies were able to devise labour laws that were disadvantageous to the immigrants. For example, in [[Demerara]] an ordinance in 1864 made it a crime for a labourer to be absent from work, misbehaving or not completing five tasks each week. New labour laws in [[Mauritius]] in 1867 made it impossible for time-expired labourers to shake free of the estate economy. They were required to carry passes, which showed their occupation and district and anyone found outside his district was liable to arrest and dispatched Immigration Depot. If he was found to be without employment he was deemed a vagrant. | There were a lot of discrepancies between systems used for indentured Colonial British Indian labour to various colonies. Colonial British Government regulations of 1864 made general provisions for recruitment of Indian labour in an attempt to minimise abuse of the system. These included the appearance of the recruit before a magistrate in the district of recruitment and not the port of embarkation, licensing of recruiters and penalties to recruiters for not observing rules for recruitment, legally defined rules for the Protector of Emigrants, rules for the depots, payment for agents to be by salary and not commission, the treatment of emigrants on board ships and the proportion of females to males were set uniformly to 25 females to 100 males. Despite this the sugar colonies were able to devise labour laws that were disadvantageous to the immigrants. For example, in [[Demerara]] an ordinance in 1864 made it a crime for a labourer to be absent from work, misbehaving or not completing five tasks each week. New labour laws in [[Mauritius]] in 1867 made it impossible for time-expired labourers to shake free of the estate economy. They were required to carry passes, which showed their occupation and district and anyone found outside his district was liable to arrest and dispatched Immigration Depot. If he was found to be without employment he was deemed a vagrant. | ||
== Transportation to Suriname == Transportation of Indian labour to [[Suriname]] began under an agreement that has been declared as Imperial. In return for [[Netherlands |Dutch]] rights to recruit Indian labour, the Dutch transferred some old forts (remnants of slave trade) in West [[Africa]] to the British and also bargained for an end to British claims in [[Sumatra]]. Labourers were signed up for five years and were provided with a return passage at the end of this term, but were to be subject to Dutch law. The first ship carrying Indian indentured labourers arrived in Suriname in June 1873 followed by six more ships during the same year. | == Transportation to Suriname == Transportation of Indian labour to [[Suriname]] began under an agreement that has been declared as Imperial. In return for [[Netherlands|Dutch]] rights to recruit Indian labour, the Dutch transferred some old forts (remnants of slave trade) in West [[Africa]] to the British and also bargained for an end to British claims in [[Sumatra]]. Labourers were signed up for five years and were provided with a return passage at the end of this term, but were to be subject to Dutch law. The first ship carrying Indian indentured labourers arrived in Suriname in June 1873 followed by six more ships during the same year. | ||
==British transportation of Indian labour, 1842 to 1870 == | ==British transportation of Indian labour, 1842 to 1870 == | ||