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{{ | {{Short description|Kashmiri political leader (1936–2022)}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
| honorific-prefix = | | honorific-prefix = | ||
| name =Mohammad Abbas Ansari | | name = Mohammad Abbas Ansari | ||
| honorific-suffix = | | honorific-suffix = | ||
| image = molviabbasansari.jpg | | image = molviabbasansari.jpg | ||
| image_size = 160px | | image_size = 160px | ||
| caption = Molvi Abbas Ansari during addressing | | caption = Molvi Abbas Ansari during addressing | ||
| title = [[Hujjatul Islam]], [[Allamah]], [[Molvi]] | | title = [[Hujjatul Islam]], [[Allamah]], [[Mulana|Molvi]] | ||
| office = Chairman [[Ittihadul Muslimeen]] | | office = [[Chairman]] of [[Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen]] | ||
| birth_date ={{birth date | | birth_date = {{birth date|1936|08|17|df=y}} | ||
| birth_place =[[Srinagar]], [[Kashmir]] | | birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[British Raj]] | ||
| death_date = | | death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|10|25|1936|08|17|df=y}} <ref> https://kashmirobserver-net./2022/10/25/veteran-kashmiri-leader-molvi-abbas-ansari-passes-away</ref> | ||
| death_place = | | death_place = Srinagar, [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India | ||
| | | party = {{hlist|[[Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen]]|[[Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen|JKIM]]}} | ||
| | | otherparty = [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]] & Muslim United Front | ||
| | | blank1 = Religion | ||
| data1 = [[Islam]] | |||
| blank2 = Denomination | |||
| data2 = [[Usuli]] [[Twelver|Shia Twelver]] | |||
| blank3 = jurisprudence | |||
| data3 = [[Ja'fari jurisprudence|Ja`fari]] | |||
| blank4 = [[Religious movement|Movement]] | |||
| data4 = [[Pan Islamic Unity]] in Kashmir | |||
| post = [[Chairman]] of Ittihadul Muslimeen | |||
| known_for = Founder of Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen (JKIM) & Hizbul Momineen | |||
| alma_mater = | | alma_mater = | ||
Oriental College, [[Srinagar]], [[Sultanul Madaris]], [[Lucknow]], | Oriental College, [[Srinagar]], [[Sultanul Madaris]], [[Lucknow]], | ||
[[Houza Ilmia Najaf]], [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]]. | [[Houza Ilmia Najaf]], [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]]. | ||
| occupation = Religious Shia Scholar and Moderate Separatist Leader | | occupation = Religious Shia Scholar and Moderate Separatist Leader | ||
| children = | | children = Masroor Abbas Ansari, Nasir Abbas Ansari & 3 daughters | ||
| website = https:// | | website = https://ittihadul.tripod.com | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Mohammad Abbas Ansari''' ([[Urdu]]: محمد عباس انصاری) | '''Mohammad Abbas Ansari''' ([[Urdu]]: '''محمد عباس انصاری''') (17 August 1936 – 25 October 2022) was a political leader and a well known [[Shia]] [[Muslim]] scholar, reformer, preacher and [[clergy|cleric]] from Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He was known for his religious lectures and as a [[Kashmir]]i separatist, ex-chairman of the [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]], also founder & chairman of the Ittihadul Muslimeen also known as [[Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen]] (JKIM) a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] [[nationalist]] [[Shia]] separatist political party which aims for [[Shia–Sunni relations|Shi'a–Sunni unity]] in Kashmir & independence of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] from India through peaceful struggle.<ref name="JKIM website">{{cite web|url=http://ittihadul.tripod.com/id1.html|title=Introduction|publisher=JAMMU & KASHMIR ITTIHADUL MUSLIMEEN |accessdate=16 April 2010}}</ref> He is considered a moderate and has called for an end to violence in that region.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3416823.stm|title=Historic Kashmir talks bring hope|date=22 January 2004|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=2009-07-02}}</ref><ref name="Tribune india 2003">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030720/edit.htm#6|title=An important player in Kashmir's politics|last=Swarup|first=Harihar|date=20 July 2003|publisher=Tribune India|accessdate=20 May 2010}}</ref> | ||
==Early life and education== | ==Early life and education== | ||
| Line 43: | Line 50: | ||
==Political activities== | ==Political activities== | ||
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], Abbas again advocated for self-determination for the people of Kashmir. He was then arrested for inciting people against their own nation. | During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], Abbas again advocated for self-determination for the people of Kashmir. He was then arrested for inciting people against their own nation. | ||
After the [[Indira Gandhi]]-Sheikh Abdullah accord of February 1975, the [[Plebiscite Front]] ended and Sheikh Abdullah revived his [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]. Ansari met Sheikh Abdullah in Kotla Lane, [[New Delhi]] and appealed to him to not let down cause of [[Jihad]]. He told the Sheikh that Kashmiris had "sacrificed" a lot from 1947 to 1974 for self-determination and their sacrifices could not be exchanged for the Chief Ministership. Sheikh Abdullah, however, signed the accord with Indira Gandhi and became the [[Chief Minister]] of the State. He opposed this accord and described it as unacceptable to the people of the state. Consequent upon the signing of the accord, Abbas brought all the people of identical ideology on a single political platform and declared creation of Peoples United Front. The [[Pakistan]]i Prime Minister, [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]], | After the [[Indira Gandhi]]-Sheikh Abdullah accord of February 1975, the [[Plebiscite Front]] ended and Sheikh Abdullah revived his [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]. Ansari met Sheikh Abdullah in Kotla Lane, [[New Delhi]] and appealed to him to not let down cause of [[Jihad]]. He told the Sheikh that Kashmiris had "sacrificed" a lot from 1947 to 1974 for self-determination and their sacrifices could not be exchanged for the Chief Ministership. Sheikh Abdullah, however, signed the accord with Indira Gandhi and became the [[Chief Minister]] of the State. He opposed this accord and described it as unacceptable to the people of the state. Consequent upon the signing of the accord, Abbas brought all the people of identical ideology on a single political platform and declared creation of Peoples United Front. The [[Pakistan]]i Prime Minister, [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]], called for a strike on 28 February to protest against the accord. | ||
The period from 1975 to 1985 witnessed the continuous struggle of Abbas against New Delhi and democratic government in Kashmir. Abbas was opposition leader. During this period he always stood for the right of self-determination and launched a campaign against the liquor trade in Kashmir. The Government opposed these activities and Abbas was again detained and charged with mutiny and conspiracy against the Indian government. His trial occurred in a closed room in the central jail in Srinagar. | The period from 1975 to 1985 witnessed the continuous struggle of Abbas against New Delhi and democratic government in Kashmir. Abbas was opposition leader. During this period he always stood for the right of self-determination and launched a campaign against the liquor trade in Kashmir. The Government opposed these activities and Abbas was again detained and charged with mutiny and conspiracy against the Indian government. His trial occurred in a closed room in the central jail in Srinagar. | ||
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==All Parties Hurriyat Conference== | ==All Parties Hurriyat Conference== | ||
In 1992, Abbas was released along with his political companions like [[Abdul Gani Lone]], [[Abdul Gani]], [[Shabir Shah]], [[Syed Ali | In 1992, Abbas was released along with his political companions like [[Abdul Gani Lone]], [[Abdul Gani]], [[Shabir Shah]], [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]] and Qazi Nisar Ahmed. After his release from jail, Abbas, along with his other colleagues, started organizing different political, religious, social and humanitarian organizations and played a role in the formation of [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]] (APHC). APHC was founded in 1993 to unite various political parties of Jammu & Kashmir demanding the right of self-determination.<ref name="BBC APHC">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3060961.stm|title=Kashmir separatists elect new leader|date=12 July 2003|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> Abbas represents Jammu & Kashmir [[Ittihadul Muslimeen]] in its seven-member Executive council, the chief policy making and executive body of A.P.H.C. | ||
The All Parties Hurriyat Conference kept up its campaign for a solution to the Kashmir issue. The leadership of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference was arrested once again in September 1999.<ref name="BBC September 28, 1999">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/460076.stm|title=World: South Asia Kashmir strikes under fire|date=28 September 1999|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=20 May 2010}}</ref> Along with his colleagues, Abbas spent eight months in the prison. | The All Parties Hurriyat Conference kept up its campaign for a solution to the Kashmir issue. The leadership of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference was arrested once again in September 1999.<ref name="BBC September 28, 1999">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/460076.stm|title=World: South Asia Kashmir strikes under fire|date=28 September 1999|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=20 May 2010}}</ref> Along with his colleagues, Abbas spent eight months in the prison. | ||
On 12 July 2003, the APHC elected Abbas as its | On 12 July 2003, the APHC elected Abbas as its chairman at a meeting of Executive Committee members.<ref name="BBC APHC"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030720/edit.htm#6|title=An important player in Kashmir's politics|last=Swarup|first=Harihar |date=20 July 2003|publisher=The Tribune India|accessdate=2009-07-02}}</ref> Out of the seven constituents, representatives of six parties were present at the meeting. Abbas Ansari was the fourth chairman of the Hurriyat who replaced [[Abdul Ghani Bhat]] on the latter's completion of his two-year term.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2003/07/13/top10.htm|title=Abbas new chairman of APHC|publisher=dawn.com|accessdate=2009-09-17|date=2003-07-13}}</ref> Ansari is the first [[Shiite]] head of the Hurriyat Conference.<ref name="Tribune india 2003" /><ref name="BBC APHC"/> | ||
Soon after taking over as | Soon after taking over as chairman, he called for an immediate [[ceasefire]] between the security forces and the militants, saying that "the Kashmir issue is not a border dispute, but a humanitarian problem. It cannot be solved through gun, but only through negotiations."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/insights/insight20030801a.html|title=Moulvi Abbas Ansari: The Hurriyat's New Chief|last=Imam|first=Hasnain |date=1 August 2003|publisher=www.jammu-kashmir.com|accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?220862|title=There Should Be A Ceasefire From Both Sides|date=28 July 2003|publisher=www.outlookindia.com|accessdate=4 October 2010}}</ref> | ||
On 21 May 2004 Abbas Ansari offered to resign his post in an effort to bring about the reunification of the coalition's factions<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/archives/archives2004/kashmir20040521d.html|title=I Will Quit If That Brings Hawks Home: Abbas Ansari|date=21 May 2004|publisher=The Indian Express|accessdate=2009-09-17}}</ref> and did so on July of that year.<ref name="Ansari steps down">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040708/asp/nation/story_3468675.asp|title=Ansari exits, Mirwaiz enters|date=8 July 2004|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> Organization's founder-chairman [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]], was asked to work towards restoring the Hurriyat's original executive council and send invitations to all the pre-split executive council members.<ref name="Ansari steps down"/> | On 21 May 2004 Abbas Ansari offered to resign his post in an effort to bring about the reunification of the coalition's factions<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/archives/archives2004/kashmir20040521d.html|title=I Will Quit If That Brings Hawks Home: Abbas Ansari|date=21 May 2004|publisher=The Indian Express|accessdate=2009-09-17}}</ref> and did so on July of that year.<ref name="Ansari steps down">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040708/asp/nation/story_3468675.asp|title=Ansari exits, Mirwaiz enters|date=8 July 2004|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> Organization's founder-chairman [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]], was asked to work towards restoring the Hurriyat's original executive council and send invitations to all the pre-split executive council members.<ref name="Ansari steps down"/> | ||
==Hurriyat-New Delhi Talks== | ==Hurriyat-New Delhi Talks== | ||
During his tenure as Chairman of APHC, Abbas initiated a dialogue process with Indian government on the basis that it should be unconditional, level-based and exclusively centered on Kashmir problem. An APHC delegation led by Abbas Ansari and composed of Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, Prof Abdul Ghani Bhat, Bilal Ghani Lone and Fazal-ul-Haq Qureshi negotiated with deputy prime minister of India [[L. K. Advani]] in New Delhi on 22 January 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3398501.stm|title=Kashmir separatists prepare for talks|date=15 January 2004|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=20 May 2010}}</ref> The APHC delegation stressed that an honorable and durable solution should be found through dialogue.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3416823.stm|title=Historic Kashmir talks bring hope|date=22 January 2004|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=20 May 2010}}</ref> It was agreed that meeting was the first significant step in the dialogue process and a step-by-step approach would lead to the resolution of all outstanding issues relating to Jammu and Kashmir. The APHC delegation was committed to the enlargement of the dialogue process to cover all regions of Jammu and Kashmir and concerns of all communities. Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf termed these talks as "a very good beginning".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3422063.stm | title=Separatists meet Indian PM | date=23 January 2004 | agency=BBC | accessdate=25 April 2012}}</ref> The next round of APHC discussion with Indian government took place in the latter part of March. | During his tenure as Chairman of APHC, Abbas initiated a dialogue process with Indian government on the basis that it should be unconditional, level-based and exclusively centered on Kashmir problem. An APHC delegation led by Abbas Ansari and composed of Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, Prof Abdul Ghani Bhat, Bilal Ghani Lone and Fazal-ul-Haq Qureshi negotiated with deputy prime minister of India [[L. K. Advani]] in New Delhi on 22 January 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3398501.stm|title=Kashmir separatists prepare for talks|date=15 January 2004|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=20 May 2010}}</ref> The APHC delegation stressed that an honorable and durable solution should be found through dialogue.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3416823.stm|title=Historic Kashmir talks bring hope|date=22 January 2004|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=20 May 2010}}</ref> It was agreed that meeting was the first significant step in the dialogue process and a step-by-step approach would lead to the resolution of all outstanding issues relating to Jammu and Kashmir. The APHC delegation was committed to the enlargement of the dialogue process to cover all regions of Jammu and Kashmir and concerns of all communities. Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf termed these talks as "a very good beginning".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3422063.stm | title=Separatists meet Indian PM | date=23 January 2004 | agency=BBC | accessdate=25 April 2012}}</ref> The next round of APHC discussion with Indian government took place in the latter part of March. | ||
==Srinagar-Muzaffarabad | ==Srinagar-Muzaffarabad road== | ||
During his tenure as APHC Chairman, Abbas advocated the re-opening of the [[Srinagar]]-[[Rawalpindi]] road so that the people of both parts of Kashmir could meet their kin and help survivors of the 2005 earthquake.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/5073.asp|title=Hurriyat hopes for border crossings soon|date=19 Oct 2005 |publisher=India Daily|accessdate=2009-07-02}}</ref> "The people on both sides of the [[Line of Control]] (LoC) have been craving to meet each other. When India and Pakistan can resume the [[New Delhi]]-[[Lahore]] bus service, there is no harm in reopening the Srinagar-Rawalpindi road", Abbas said in an interview.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031102/edit.htm#3|title=Ansari represents the new mood in Kashmir|last=Swarup |first=Harihar |date=2 November 2003|publisher=Tribune India|accessdate=2009-07-02}}</ref> | During his tenure as APHC Chairman, Abbas advocated the re-opening of the [[Srinagar]]-[[Rawalpindi]] road so that the people of both parts of Kashmir could meet their kin and help survivors of the 2005 earthquake.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/5073.asp|title=Hurriyat hopes for border crossings soon|date=19 Oct 2005 |publisher=India Daily|accessdate=2009-07-02}}</ref> "The people on both sides of the [[Line of Control]] (LoC) have been craving to meet each other. When India and Pakistan can resume the [[New Delhi]]-[[Lahore]] bus service, there is no harm in reopening the Srinagar-Rawalpindi road", Abbas said in an interview.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031102/edit.htm#3|title=Ansari represents the new mood in Kashmir|last=Swarup |first=Harihar |date=2 November 2003|publisher=Tribune India|accessdate=2009-07-02}}</ref> | ||
On 7 April 2005, the first passengers from either side of the Line of Control cross divided Kashmir as the first Srinagar [[Muzaffarabad]] Bus Service was launched. | On 7 April 2005, the first passengers from either side of the Line of Control cross divided Kashmir as the first Srinagar [[Muzaffarabad]] Bus Service was launched. Hurriyat leaders including Abbas visited Pakistan and Muzaffarabad in June 2005 crossing the Line of Control by bus. | ||
==Death== | |||
Ansari died in Srinagar on the morning of 25 October 2022, at the age of 86. He had suffered from multiple illnesses in the three months prior to his death. About one lakh people joined his funeral . <ref>{{cite news |title=Maulana Abbas Ansari Is No More |url=https://kashmirlife.net/maulana-abbas-ansari-is-no-more-302838/ |access-date=25 October 2022 |publisher=Kashmir Life |date=25 October 2022}}</ref> <ref> https://kashmirobserver-net./2022/10/25/veteran-kashmiri-leader-molvi-abbas-ansari-passes-away</ref> <ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/public-funeral-for-separatist-molvi-abbas-ansari/cid/1894203</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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===Photographs=== | ===Photographs=== | ||
*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1717/17170290.htm Hurriyat Conference leaders] | *{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20020602053255/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1717/17170290.htm Hurriyat Conference leaders]}} | ||
*[http://www.thehinduimages.com/hindu/photoDetail.do?photoId=7678849 APHC Delegation with the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh] | *[http://www.thehinduimages.com/hindu/photoDetail.do?photoId=7678849 APHC Delegation with the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh] | ||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ansari, Mohammad Abbas, Maulana}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Ansari, Mohammad Abbas, Maulana}} | ||
[[Category:1936 births]] | |||
[[Category:2022 deaths]] | |||
[[Category:Kashmir]] | [[Category:Kashmir]] | ||
[[Category:Kashmiri people]] | [[Category:Kashmiri people]] | ||
[[Category:Kashmir separatist movement]] | [[Category:Kashmir separatist movement]] | ||
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir politicians]] | [[Category:Jammu and Kashmir politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]] | [[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]] | ||
[[Category:People of the Kashmir conflict]] | [[Category:People of the Kashmir conflict]] | ||
[[Category:People from Srinagar]] | [[Category:People from Srinagar]] | ||
[[Category:Indian Shia clerics]] | |||