Confusion between saptak and octave must be avoided. The saptak is a set of notes, while an octave in western music is an interval, i.e. a measure of distance between two notes.
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imported>Intellectualrunoff (Confusion between saptak and octave must be avoided. The saptak is a set of notes, while an octave in western music is an interval, i.e. a measure of distance between two notes.) |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | ||
'''Saptak''' means "gamut" or "the series of | '''Saptak''' means "gamut" or "the series of eight [[Musical note|note]]s". It denotes the set of [[swara]]s i.e. [[Ṣaḍja]] (Sa), [[Ṛiṣabha]] (Re), [[Gāndhāra]] (Ga), [[Madhyama (music)|Madhyama]] (Ma), [[Panchama]] (Pa), [[Dhaivat]] (Dha), [[Niṣāda]] (Ni), [[Sadja]] (Sa) which comprise a [[musical scale]] in [[Indian classical music]]. In [[Sanskrit]], saptak literally means "containing seven" and is derived from the Sanskrit word ''Sapta'' which means "seven". The Saptak comprises the [[Sapta Svara]]s , i.e. the seven svaras or the seven notes of classical music. | ||
The basic saptak is called the '''Madhya Saptak''' ([[Devanagari]]: मध्य सप्तक). For notes with lower frequencies, the artist may use the '''Mandra Saptak''' ([[Devanagari]]: मंद्र सप्तक)', which is | The basic saptak is called the '''Madhya Saptak''' ([[Devanagari]]: मध्य सप्तक). For notes with lower frequencies, the artist may use the '''Mandra Saptak''' ([[Devanagari]]: मंद्र सप्तक)', which is an octave lower than the Madhya Saptak. For notes with higher frequencies, the '''Taar Saptak''' ([[Devanagari]]: तार सप्तक), which is an octave above the Madhya Saptak, is used. | ||
The usual scale of Indian music spans from Sa in the Madhya Saptak to Sa in the higher, Taar Saptak. This inclusion of the first note of the higher saptak makes eight notes instead of the seven in each Saptak.<ref>[http://www.chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/saptak_scale.html Saptak - The Indian Scale<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>{{verify source|date=June 2012}} | The usual scale of Indian music spans from Sa in the Madhya Saptak to Sa in the higher, Taar Saptak. This inclusion of the first note of the higher saptak makes eight notes instead of the seven in each Saptak.<ref>[http://www.chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/saptak_scale.html Saptak - The Indian Scale<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>{{verify source|date=June 2012}} | ||
Generally, a [[raga]] involves notes from three saptaks. The notes in the lower | Generally, a [[raga]] involves notes from three saptaks. The notes in the lower saptak are denoted by an apostrophe before the note representation (or a dot below the note representation) and the notes in the upper saptak are denoted by an apostrophe after the note representation (or a dot above the note representation). | ||
For example: | For example: | ||
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Talking about frequencies of the svaras, the frequencies change for all svaras i.e. Sa 240 | Talking about frequencies of the svaras, the frequencies change for all svaras i.e. Sa 240 Hz, Re 270 Hz, Ga 288 Hz, Ma 320 Hz, Pa 360 Hz, Dha 405 Hz, and Ni 432 Hz. Consequently, the Sa after the Ni of 432 Hz has a frequency of 480 Hz i.e. double the Lower saptak Sa, as do all 6 other svaras. | ||
Considering the Sa of the Madhya Saptak | Considering the Sa of the Madhya Saptak, the frequencies of the other [[svara]]s would be, | ||
'''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni''' | '''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni''' | ||
'''Mandra Saptak: 120 | '''Mandra Saptak: 120 Hz, 135 Hz, 144 Hz, 160 Hz, 180 Hz, 202.5 Hz, 216 Hz.}''' | ||
'''Madhya Saptak: 240 | '''Madhya Saptak: 240 Hz, 270 Hz, 288 Hz, 320 Hz, 360 Hz, 405 Hz, 432 Hz.}''' | ||
'''Taar Saptak: 480 | '''Taar Saptak: 480 Hz, 540 Hz, 576 Hz, 640 Hz, 720 Hz, 810 Hz, 864 Hz.}''' | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{india-music-stub}} | {{india-music-stub}} | ||